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• VCMNA132

  Recognise and explain the connection between addition and subtraction

  Elaborations

  • demonstrating the connection between addition and subtraction using partitioning or by writing equivalent number sentences
  • solving simple word problems involving addition or subtraction

  VCMNA132 | Mathematics | Level 3 | Number and Algebra | Number and place value

• VCEALL127

  Use developing knowledge of English to predict some words or phrases

  Elaborations

  • finishing familiar phrases or sentences from known texts
  • recognising the ways in which new and already known information is presented in sentences
  • using knowledge of familiar words and phrases to make predictions about sentences and collocations, such as for collocations with ‘take’, for example ‘Don’t take the bus. It’s faster if you take the train’, ‘Why did you take so many photos?’

  VCEALL127 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL441

  Understand the cohesion of ideas between and within paragraphs

  Elaborations

  • locating the topic sentence at the beginning of each paragraph, and finding the key words to identify the main idea
  • reordering sentences in a paragraph to follow a logical order of ideas and language
  • sequencing sentences using conjunctions of time (for example ‘then’, ‘next’, ‘first’, ‘after’) to make a cohesive paragraph
  • understanding items referred to by pronouns, and tracing these references through a text

  VCEALL441 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCELU012

  Identify similarities and differences between the phonological and orthographic systems of English and Greek, including accentuation and intonation in oral language, and decode and use the Greek script

  Elaborations

  • using the Greek alphabet, making connections between spoken and written forms, and recognising similarities and differences to the English alphabet
  • recognising accentuation and differences such as πού/που,πώς/πως, ή/η
  • developing and using Greek pronunciation, reproducing sounds and combinations
  • using the Greek alphabet for spelling out names and other words
  • developing awareness of Greek sounds, rhythms and intonation patterns
  • becoming familiar with the Greek vowel system
  • recognising intonation for questions, statements, commands and interjections
  • knowing when to use σ/ς
  • using vowels to create same sounds, such as ι, η, υ, ει, οι
  • understanding and using punctuation particular to the Greek language, for example, the question mark (;)

  VCELU012 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCFRC007

  Participate in shared performance and presentation of stories, songs or nursery rhymes, playing with sound patterns, rhyming words and non-verbal forms of expression

  Elaborations

  • performing songs, rhymes and action stories using non-verbal forms of expression such as clapping, gestures and facial expressions to support the making of meaning
  • creating and presenting own Big Books, storyboards or digital texts based on imaginary scenarios in familiar contexts (for example, Petit Ours Brun fait un tour à notre classe), building on key words and phrases, and using punctuation to guide intonation and drawings to support written text
  • creating rhythms for difficult or complicated phrases or intonation patterns, such as Comment t’appelles-tu? Qu’est-ce que tu manges pour le petit déjeuner? Le chocolat chaud

  VCFRC007 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Creating

• VCHIU032

  Notice differences between simple spoken, written and multimodal texts used in different contexts, comparing with similar texts in English

  Elaborations

  • recognising features of familiar genres of Hindi texts, such as digital books or puppet shows, video clips or children’s songs
  • recognising differences between the layout and language features of different types of texts and formats, such as चित्र-कथाएँ and लोक-कथाएँ
  • recognising the role played by different elements in texts to contribute to meaning-making, for example, the layout, title, illustration and punctuation in a picture book or the use of repetition and rhyme in poems and chants
  • recognising differences in spoken and written forms of everyday texts, such as greetings or wishes, for example, आपको बहुत-बहुत बधाई हो (spoken) and हार्दिक शुभकामनाएँ. (written), comparing with similar differences between spoken and written texts in English

  VCHIU032 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCJAU159

  Recognise the use of formulaic expressions and textual features in familiar texts such as emails, letters, postcards or telephone conversations

  Elaborations

  • recognising the order for writing the components of the date in Japanese, for example, 年(ねん)、月、日、よう日
  • understanding the significance of features of different types of texts, such as opening and closing emails, letters or phone conversations, for example, ～さんへ、～より、もしもし
  • considering how the composition of texts in different languages reflects cultural values, such as the ordering of information on Japanese ID cards or when kanji or Arabic numerals are used in Japanese texts
  • understanding conventions associated with using げんこうようし、for example, the size of small characters, the position in the square and the placing of punctuation

  VCJAU159 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCJAU177

  Understand how and why different scripts are used in different types of texts, such as announcements, tickets, advertisements, public signs or manga

  Elaborations

  • recognising key features and structures of familiar texts in Japanese, such as lost child announcements, spoken commercials or print advertisements, for example, by identifying formulaic expressions, and comparing with expressions in similar texts in English
  • recognising the format of different Japanese texts and punctuation conventions in either たてがき or よこがき, and understanding how this varies according to the context, purpose and intended audience
  • understanding how to create textual cohesion, using elements such as paragraphing or conjunctions to sequence and link ideas and to maintain the flow of expression, for example, だから、それで、それに
  • comparing and contrasting the structures of a variety of authentic community texts in Japanese and English, exploring how the audience, purpose and context influence each language version

  VCJAU177 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCLVU165

  Understand that texts such as stories, paintings, songs and dances have distinct purposes and particular language features

  Elaborations

  • distinguishing the purpose and characteristic features of different types of texts, for example, stories are usually about journeys across Country and convey explanations about why features of Country exist and are important
  • understanding that for many Aboriginal languages conventions of written text are in the process of being developed
  • recognising language features typically associated with familiar texts, for example, the use of imperatives in games, instructions and procedures, and the use of past and habitual tenses in stories
  • linking ideas using appropriate grammatical forms and processes, for example, connectives, serialisation, embedding
  • recognising the role played by different elements in texts to contribute to meaning-making, for example, the layout, title, illustration and use of punctuation in a picture book or the use of speech bubbles in a cartoon
  • investigating the purpose and use of sign language in various Aboriginal languages, for example, for hunting, for recent bereavement, for communicating at a distance, for restricting who can understand the message

  VCLVU165 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCCCTM029

  Investigate thinking processes using visual models and language strategies

  Elaborations

  • drawing mind maps for different purposes, such as classifications or to identify connections
  • examining a range of sentence starters and identifying those associated with a thinking process such as planning or evaluating, and writing them on cards and creating a wall display

  VCCCTM029 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 5 and 6 | Meta-Cognition

• VCEALA593

  Participate in shared or modelled writing activities

  Elaborations

  • participating in a range of shared writing activities, such as joint construction of a text, sequencing sentences in a group, peer editing
  • suggesting new ideas that relate to the topic being discussed
  • applying knowledge of vocabulary and grammar to suggest edits to shared texts

  VCEALA593 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA305

  Translate literally from home language to English

  Elaborations

  • translating word-for-word from home language to English, before adapting the translation into English sentence structure
  • using a bilingual dictionary to find translations of new words, and noting these in home language and English

  VCEALA305 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA685

  Talk about cultural differences related to communication

  Elaborations

  • identifying and talking about differences between home language and English at text, sentence and word levels
  • noticing and discussing differences in non-verbal aspects of communication, such as stance, proximity, gestures, eye contact

  VCEALA685 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA068

  Understand some terminology of writing in English and/or home language

  Elaborations

  • understanding some terminology of writing, such as ‘word’, ‘letter’, ‘sentence’, ‘space’, ‘full stop’
  • following simple instructions using writing terminology, for example ‘Write in capital letters’, ‘Leave a line in between’

  VCEALA068 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA722

  Demonstrate the development of metalanguage appropriate to the content and task

  Elaborations

  • using metalanguage related to text and language, for example ‘topic sentence’, ‘verb’, ‘pronoun’
  • recording terminology in personal notes or word lists, with translations in home language or examples from texts

  VCEALA722 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALC544

  Respond appropriately to a range of commonly encountered questions using short, familiar formulas or expressions

  Elaborations

  • using familiar or formulaic phrases and sentences to respond, such as ‘My name is …’ or ‘Nice to meet you’
  • borrowing words or phrases from the question to respond, for example ‘What is your favourite sport?’ ‘My favourite sport is …’

  VCEALC544 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC550

  Exchange information in oral interactions

  Elaborations

  • understanding a range of common questions on personal or familiar topics
  • using common sentence structures and borrowing phrases from questions, for example ‘What do you like to do on the weekends?’ ‘I like to do sport on the weekends’

  VCEALC550 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC264

  Understand a range of simple texts based on predictable language structures and vocabulary

  Elaborations

  • matching phrases and sentences from the text to images or diagrams showing the same ideas
  • demonstrating understanding of simple factual or fictional texts by performing a task, such as following written instructions to plant a seed in a pot, or drawing parts of a story

  VCEALC264 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Reading and Viewing | Communication

• VCEALC245

  Identify some key points of information in short spoken texts, with guidance

  Elaborations

  • understanding learnt vocabulary and sentence structures in texts
  • pointing to parts of pictures that are mentioned in the text or conversation
  • using questions to help identify relevant items of information, for example Teacher: ‘What colour was it?’ Student: ‘It was blue’

  VCEALC245 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC346

  Identify the main idea in short texts using guide questions

  Elaborations

  • identifying key words in questions and finding them in the text
  • identifying key words from headings or topic sentences in order to extract key information from a factual text

  VCEALC346 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Reading and Viewing | Communication