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• VCLAU010

  Identify the structure and features of a range of texts in Latin, such as narratives and short plays

  Elaborations

  • identifying elements of different types of text, for example, stories, dialogues and plays, and explaining the relationship between the language and structure used and the purpose of the text
  • distinguishing and comparing features of a story and a play, such as narrative voice, characterisation, impact of direct speech
  • making connections and comparisons between a new text and familiar texts of the same type
  • using metalanguage to explain the effect of particular language features on intended audiences, for example, exclamations, interjections, such as o me miserum; euge; eheu

  VCLAU010 | Languages | Latin | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCITU033

  Use key grammatical structures to form simple sentences, including the use of possessive pronouns, prepositions, definite and indefinite articles, and gender and singular/plural forms

  Elaborations

  • identifying gender, singular and plural in the regular form
  • observing gender in patterns of naming, for example, Paolo/Paola and Alessandro/Alessandra, but that Luca, Andrea and Simone are all male names in Italian
  • using singular and plural, recognising that some singular nouns do not follow the regular masculine/feminine pattern, for example, la mano, il papà
  • using the definite and indefinite articles and understanding how to specify a particular person or object, for example, la mamma, una mamma; il quaderno, un quaderno; l’arancia, un’ arancia
  • using personal pronouns in context, for example, Chi ha finito? Io!
  • learning to conjugate common regular verbs in the present tense, for example, gioco-gioca, mangio-mangiamo
  • expressing negation, for example, voglio/non voglio
  • expressing preferences and reasons for preferences, for example, mi piace ... perché
  • using cardinal numbers to tell the time and for dates and ages; using ordinal numbers such as primo, secondo, etc.
  • using adjectives to describe characteristics or qualities of a person or object, such as nationality, shape and colour (for example, Chiara è italiana), and noticing that they change with gender, for example, la macchina rossa, il libro rosso,
  • using prepositions to indicate location or direction, for example, a casa, a Roma, in città, a sinistra, sopra il tavolo, sotto il banco
  • using possessive adjectives to express ownership, for example, la mia casa, la tua famiglia, il tuo cappello, mia nonna
  • using suffixes to add nuance, for example, -ino (fratellino, piccolino) or -etto (poveretto, casetta)
  • creating simple sentences in the subject–verb–object pattern, and linking ideas using conjunctions such as e and ma

  VCITU033 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCITU052

  Use grammatical knowledge, to interpret and create meaning in Italian

  Elaborations

  • using both regular and irregular plural nouns, for example, un ginocchio/due ginocchia
  • using suffixes to modify Italian nouns and adjectives, for example, treno — trenino; casa — casetta; parola — parolaccia; bravo — bravissimo; fratello — fratellino; povero —poverino
  • recognising the imperative as a formulaic expression, for example, Dammi!
  • noticing adjective–noun agreement, for example, I bambini piccoli; Anna è alta ma Mario è basso
  • expressing positive and negative preferences using adverbs to intensify the meaning, for example, Mi piace molto la cioccolata; Non mi piace tanto ballare
  • expressing negation, for example, Non sono italiano. Non mi piace l’ insalata
  • formulating questions and requests, for example, Che ora è? Pronto, chi parla? Quando comincia la scuola? Dove andiamo stasera?
  • using ordinal numbers to sequence, for example, la seconda classe, la quinta, la terza aula
  • recognising the position of adverbs in sentences, for example, Non vado mai al cinema; Cammino lentamente
  • using present tense of regular, some irregular verbs, and immediate future tense to present situations and events for example, using avere, essere, stare, giocare, dormire, fare, leggere, scrivere, andare in sentences such as: Andrea va a casa alle sei. Anna ha due fratelli. Vado al cinema domani
  • using reflexive verbs and simple past tense as formulaic expressions, for example, Mi alzo alle sette. Sono andato/a al cinema
  • developing metalanguage to describe patterns, grammatical rules and variations in language structures

  VCITU052 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCFRC059

  Organise and present information and ideas on different topics, issues or events, comparing perspectives and experiences

  Elaborations

  • organising and presenting information to raise awareness or invite action in relation to social or community issues, using multimodal forms of presentation such as sound and visual images or websites with hyperlinks
  • classifying information obtained from different print and electronic resources in a shared database of categories, themes and genres, showing relationships between ideas, topics and key language
  • presenting findings related to the investigation of a social or cultural issue (for example, la mode et les codes vestimentaires: l’influence des marques), summarising opinions and attitudes collected from surveys, interviews or media sources
  • conveying information and ideas by matching language features and text types to topics and themes, for example, using emotive images and captions to highlight issues such as la faim or l’égalité des sexes, or rap rhythms and punchlines to engage with controversial ideas or provoke reactions
  • combining modes of presentation such as displays, videos or music to explore social and cultural themes, for example, l’Australie et les régions asiatiques, or le multiculturalisme

  VCFRC059 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCFRC026

  Translate high-frequency words and expressions in simple texts such as captions, story titles or recurring lines in a story, noticing which ones are difficult to interpret

  Elaborations

  • identifying and comparing key words in French and English versions of favourite stories (for example, La chenille qui fait des trous and The Very Hungry Caterpillar; La vieille dame qui avala une mouche and The Old Woman Who Swallowed a Fly), and comparing rhythms and vocal effects in the two versions
  • playing matching-pair games with French and English word cards, for example, Le Calendrier, matching words in both languages for days of the week, months and seasons
  • collecting and using French words and expressions which do not translate easily into English (for example, bon appétit, bon voyage, voilà!) and French words used by English speakers, for example, ‘café’, ‘éclair’, ‘mousse’, ‘chic’
  • finding English words in French texts (for example, l’Internet, le sandwich), and considering how French speakers might pronounce the English words and why they are not translated

  VCFRC026 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCFRC001

  Interact with each other and the teacher using simple language and gestures for exchanges such as greetings and farewells, thanks and introductions, and for talking about self and family

  Elaborations

  • introducing themselves and responding to greetings, for example, Comment t’appelles-tu? Je m’appelle…; Ça va, Emilie? Ça va bien, merci
  • using simple descriptive or expressive statements to describe themselves and to express likes, preferences or feelings, for example, moi, j’ai cinq ans; je suis australien; j’aime le sport; moi, je préfère la danse; je suis très content
  • recognising and responding to simple questions on topics such as home, school or pets, using supporting intonation and gestures, for example, Qui est-ce? C’est Maman. Qu’est-ce que c’est? C’est la chaise. Où est…? Il est…C’est un chien? Mais non…C’est un chat!
  • using formulaic French phrases for everyday interactions such as thanking, apologising, and offering wishes or congratulations, for example, Merci!…oh, pardon; bon appétit; bonne fête! bravo!

  VCFRC001 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCFRC109

  Socialise and exchange views on local and global issues

  Elaborations

  • using simple and compound sentences to structure arguments, and explain or justify a position in relation to personal and social issues such as les études, la santé, l’avenir, les passe-temps
  • initiating and sustaining conversation through active-listening strategies, turn-taking cues and verbal and non-verbal responses, for example, ah bon? pas vrai! et si on…?
  • using descriptive and expressive language to exchange views on global issues such as les médias sociaux, l’avenir des jeunes and la pollution, building topic-specific vocabulary and rhetorical strategies such as emphasis and repetition, for example, Au contraire! à mon avis…, je ne suis pas d’accord, après tout…, il faut le dire…, encore une fois..
  • contributing to online discussions with young people in French-speaking contexts, comparing aspects of school and home life, for example, les examens, le stress, les sports, l’étude des langues

  VCFRC109 | Languages | French | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCFRU106

  Understand the dynamic nature of French and other languages

  Elaborations

  • understanding that languages and cultures change continuously due to contact with each other and in response to new ideas and developments in communications and technology (la mondialisation)
  • recognising that the French language continuously borrows and adapts words and expressions from other languages, including English, for example, stop! le football, le sketch, le clown; le sushi, l’origami
  • recognising that many French words are used in English and in other languages (for example, croissant, menu, ballet, chef, chauffeur), and noticing the different vocabulary areas that these words tend to belong to (such as terms relating to food and fashion) and considering possible reasons for this
  • collecting French words used in English (for example, le restaurant, le menu, le chauffeur, le ballet, la pirouette), and comparing how they are pronounced by French or English speakers
  • understanding that some languages are growing and adapting, while others (such as indigenous languages across the world) are endangered, disappearing or reviving, or blending with stronger languages

  VCFRU106 | Languages | French | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCITC101

  Convey factual information and ideas through a range of spoken, written and multimodal texts, using information from a range of sources

  Elaborations

  • describing a person, place, object or event in their local environment using [article + subject + verb + adjective], including negative expressions, for example, è/non è simpatico/cattivo; di legno/di ceramica; è interessante/difficile
  • comparing aspects of daily life across cultures, for example, fare la passeggiata, eating habits, school life and routines and presenting results in class in oral presentations or written descriptive texts
  • surveying classmates on their daily routines, such as mobile phone/internet use, text messaging habits, television viewing or hours of sport played and presenting the data in various forms, for example, (cinque persone non hanno un cellulare; tanti/pochi … la maggior parte …; il 15 per cento; due su venti…)
  • collecting, collating and presenting data in Italian using online survey software

  VCITC101 | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCITC042

  Interact in classroom activities and create shared class routines

  Elaborations

  • interacting in small groups in class routines, for example, Come si scrive? Di chi è questo/questa? È mio/mia. È di mio fratello
  • asking to receive things, for example, Per favore, dammi una penna blu. Per piacere, mi porti …? Sì/D’accordo/Non posso
  • asking the time, for example, Che ora è? Sono le … Quanto manca? 10 minuti.
  • asking where an event is taking place, for example, Dove si fa la festa? Dove si trova …? Dov’è …? In Italia/vicino/lontano/ al numero 6
  • participating in a class dis cussion on a theme, activity or experience, for example, La musica di … è più interessante di … Secondo me …

  VCITC042 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCITC024

  Obtain and process factual information about people, routines, responsibilities and interests

  Elaborations

  • surveying classmates or responding to questionnaires about likes, interests, routines and activities (for example, Ti piace ...? Mi piace/non mi piace. Qual è il tuo libro preferito? Qual è il tuo programma televisivo preferito?), tabulating the results, and presenting information in various forms, such as class profiles, birthday charts or summaries of findings, for example, Dieci bambini giocano a tennis e tre a basket
  • generating questions such as Quanti … A che ora? Dov’ è la festa?
  • reading profiles and other information about children in different cultural contexts, in print and digital form
  • ordering and categorising information, for example, cibi sani e cibi poco sani
  • asking and responding to questions that address information such as participants, characteristics of a person, and dates, times and locations of events of interest to the class, for example, la domenica; il dieci giugno; ha trentasette anni; è alto e forte; è grandissima; ha due ali; abita a Milano

  VCITC024 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Informing

• VCITU094

  Understand that language use has the power to influence social relationships, beliefs and values

  Elaborations

  • examining the language of texts such as protest songs, posters and graffiti to identify ways in which language is used for social commentary
  • identifying features of language such as lexical choices and idiomatic expressions used to achieve different purposes, for example, Chiamaci — ti aspettiamo (advertising). Batti un colpo
  • investigating the impact of media and technology on Italian, including blended forms used to express new concepts, for example, the influence of English in Italian media (Fra le iniziative che vale la pena ricordare, c'è la campagna di sensibilizzazione online ‘Stop Cyberbullismo’, avviata nel 2008 dal Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione)
  • analysing Italian vocabulary related to art, music and cuisine and the impact this has had on other languages, for example, the use of terms such as opera, chiaroscuro, allegro con brio, le lasagne verdi
  • reflecting on own experiences of the influence of language and culture, identifying experiences of inclusion or exclusion, or the marking of respect, values and attitudes

  VCITU094 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCLAE017

  Convey interpretations of information and ideas about Roman society and culture, in oral, written and digital forms, using Latin as appropriate

  Elaborations

  • examining how cultural attitudes are conveyed in Latin texts, such as attitudes to slaves or women, cleanliness, food, Romanisation, for example, by conducting a role-play, a forum on salient issues, a ‘Q & A’ session regarding the appropriateness of giving farming advice in verse
  • investigating legal rights and obligations, such as citizenship, social classes, property rights, divorce, for example, building a digital representation of social strata through a pyramid
  • researching Roman urban planning and architecture through the study of an archaeological site, and presenting findings, for example, by creating a virtual tour of the Colosseum, with written or oral text in English or incorporating Latin terms as appropriate, such as harena, vomitoria
  • examining Roman architectural remains by electronic means, such as places of entertainment and worship, and exploring what they reveal about the values and attitudes of Romans
  • gathering and collating information about Roman art, including sculpture, jewellery and painting, for example, producing an online exhibition catalogue
  • researching references in Latin texts to foreign religions, for example, Mithraism, Isis worship and Christianity, and the extent of their influence in Rome
  • examining Latin inscriptions, curses or graffiti to elicit information about Roman society, for example, defixiones from Bath, graffiti at the Colosseum or in Pompeii, and creating own examples in English or Latin

  VCLAE017 | Languages | Latin | Levels 9 and 10 | Engaging with texts | Accessing the Roman world through Latin texts

• VCESC119

  Recognise themselves as belonging to groups, for example, ‘my friends’, ‘my class’, ‘my school’, ‘my family’ and ‘my community’

  Elaborations

  • making simple statements about themselves, including where they come from and what language(s) they speak
  • identifying themselves as belonging to different groups, such as family, class or peer groups (Yo soy australiana y chilena, Soy un niño/una niña. Estoy en la clase B), and representing these relationships through drawing pictures, adding captions to photos, or digital text creation
  • comparing their own ways of communicating, including using any other languages with those of friends or family members who speak different languages
  • considering whether there are any aspects of their ways of communicating that might be unfamiliar to children from different cultural backgrounds

  VCESC119 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCFRC065

  Consider how own biography including family origins, traditions, interests and experience, impacts on identity and communication

  Elaborations

  • mapping their own linguistic and cultural profiles, for example by creating a chart/timeline/web profile to highlight formative elements such as family languages, key relationships and intercultural experiences
  • sharing and comparing cultural and intercultural experiences and language capabilities, and exchanging views on the benefits of speaking more than one language, such as having a larger vocabulary to draw on, new insights and perspectives, and opportunities for new experiences
  • identifying events, relationships and experiences that have contributed to building a personal and/or collective sense of identity, and explaining key influences, for example, le voyage, les concours, les amis, la famille, l’équipe

  VCFRC065 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCITC099

  Develop language to interact in classroom routines and tasks, for example, posing questions, asking for repetition, rephrasing, explaining, asking how to say something in Italian, expressing opinion, and giving and following instructions

  Elaborations

  • posing questions (for example, Perché? Come si scrive? Può/puoi ripetere? Come si dice …? Come? Come si fa? Secondo me … Penso di sì/penso di no … Di chi è?) and explaining, for example, È mio/è di Luisa
  • requesting information and permission (for example, Posso andare in bagno? Mi presti la matita?), asking for explanation, and following instructions

  VCITC099 | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCITC044

  Represent information appropriately for different audiences, using a variety of modes

  Elaborations

  • preparing and giving presentations on familiar, factual topics, incorporating material from print and multimedia texts and class discussion, for example, a summary structured according to a series of questions such as Chi …? Dove...? Cosa …? Perché?Quando?
  • creating a video to present ideas and information to others, using graphics to represent ideas, providing captions for images and labelling maps
  • conveying information to others through different text types, for example, an advertisement such as la festa della cioccolata di Perugia: Vuoi partecipare …? Ti piace …? Preferisci …? Allora vieni a …

  VCITC044 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Informing

• VCITC005

  Locate specific items of information in texts using early literacy skills

  Elaborations

  • participating in shared reading with the teacher, using contextual and visual clues such as illustrations in resources such as big books or digital books to decipher meaning
  • demonstrating understanding by using early literacy skills such as labelling, naming, pointing, matching, clicking and dragging, describing, drawing, tracing and miming
  • identifying words in written Italian
  • responding to questions eliciting specific details about participants, objects (size, colour) or events, for example, C’è il gatto? Sì/no. C’è il treno? Sì/no. È verde? Sì/no. Il treno è rosso? Sì/no. La pasta è buona? Sì/no

  VCITC005 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Informing

• VCITC105

  Create bilingual texts related to experiences in contexts where Italian and Australian realities might differ

  Elaborations

  • creating texts with bilingual captions, such as picture dictionaries and photo stories
  • creating digital texts such as annotated maps or building plans to highlight aspects of culture such as school life, for example, aula magna, bidello/a, mensa, andare a scuola in motorino/in microcar
  • creating captions and labels related to immediate environment (for example, producing bilingual school timetables and signage such as la mensa, il campo sportivo, le scale), and explaining how the translated labels do not necessarily capture differences in worldviews

  VCITC105 | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCITU076

  Analyse the ways in which choices in everyday language use reflect cultural practices and values

  Elaborations

  • understanding the significance of cultural concepts and how these relate to social conventions and are reflected in language use, for example, Salute! Cin Cin! Buon appetito!
  • observing the connection between some names and regional and family connections or religion
  • discussing culturally significant concepts encountered in texts (for example, Fare la passeggiata. Fare bella figura. Andare a trovare qualcuno) and making comparisons with Australian culture
  • analysing the meaning and use of proverbs and sayings (for example, l’abito non fa il monaco) and considering equivalents in English and other languages

  VCITU076 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture