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• VCSSU041

  People use science in their daily lives

  Elaborations

  • monitoring information about the environment and Earth's resources, for example, rainfall, water levels and temperature
  • identifying the ways humans manage and protect resources, for example, reducing waste and conserving water

  VCSSU041 | Science | Foundation to Level 2 | Science Understanding | Science as a human endeavour

• VCSSU058

  Different living things have different life cycles and depend on each other and the environment to survive

  Elaborations

  • making and recording observations of living things as they develop through their life cycles, for example, insects, birds, frogs and flowering plants
  • recognising that environmental factors can affect life cycles, for example, fire and seed germination
  • investigating the roles of living things in a habitat, for example, producers, consumers or decomposers
  • predicting the effects when living things in feeding relationships are removed or die out in an area

  VCSSU058 | Science | Levels 3 and 4 | Science Understanding | Biological sciences

• VCTRC096

  Consider the nature of identity and of cultural experience, reflecting on how their linguistic and cultural background contributes to their sense of identity

  Elaborations

  • discussing the nature of identity, including the fact that it is dynamic, changing and involves values and beliefs as well as practices and behaviours
  • reflecting on how their own identity is shaped by and also reflects the experience of living in a multicultural society, using more than one language and identifying with particular language communities
  • considering ways in which different languages offer different ways of thinking about experience, or of ‘reading’ the world; how these different standpoints influence the way meaning is made and how people think about themselves and others
  • discussing how Turkish and Australian cultural influences are reflected in their daily lives, interests, social activities and ways of thinking
  • reflecting on the relationship between language, culture and identity, for example, by identifying experiences that feel different when interacting in Turkish or in English
  • discussing whether their sense of identity changes over time, taking into account changes in language use at home, in school or in the wider and virtual community

  VCTRC096 | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCICCD019

  Identify and analyse the challenges and benefits of living and working in an interconnected and culturally diverse world

  Elaborations

  • creating a portfolio of job advertisements that seek to recruit candidates that can speak a second language or for overseas positions, for example, from the Australian Volunteers for International Development website, and prompt students to identify complementary intercultural skills necessary for these roles
  • evaluating how cross-cultural or intercultural events may help to foster inclusiveness or contribute to division, for example, meetings of the United Nations, international sporting events or trade deals, and relationships between developed and developing nations
  • holding a student-led discussion exploring a complex intercultural topic, such as food security or an international diplomatic issue, and identify the key issues or events and the people and perspectives involved
  • comparing or tracking changing information on the Australian Government’s Smart Traveller website in response to a significant real-time event, such as the Zika virus outbreak or a volcanic eruption
  • exploring the aims of UNESCO, and investigate and discuss the notion of World Heritage Sites, such as the criteria used to confer the status

  VCICCD019 | Capabilities | Intercultural Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Cultural Diversity

• VCIDU013

  Recognise questions, commands and simple subject-focus sentences, and develop vocabulary for people, places and things in their personal world

  Elaborations

  • identifying people using pronouns (ibu, ayah, bapak, adik, kakak), referring to pets (anjing, kucing), and using concrete nouns for objects (buku, tas, pintu)
  • describing possession using word order in familiar phrases, for example, nama saya…, ibu saya…
  • greetings and farewelling others, for example, Selamat pagi/siang/sore/ malam, sampai jumpa
  • specifying location using prepositions, for example, di atas, di bawah, di dalam, di belakang
  • describing actions using simple verbs, for example, makan, duduk, minum, suka, tidur
  • interacting using auxiliary verbs, for example, ada, mau, tahu, boleh, bisa
  • understanding different question words and the anticipated answer, for example, siapa? (people), apa? (objects, actions), di mana? (location), berapa? (quantity)
  • using imperatives to tell others to do something, for example, Duduklah, Lipat tangan, Tepuk tangan
  • referring to numbers of things using cardinal numbers (nol-sepuluh puluh, belas)
  • describing the colour, size, shape and character of a person, place or thing using noun–adjective phrases, for example, buku merah, anjing besar, kucing kecil, bapak tinggi, saya pendek, adik lucu
  • joining words or phrases using conjunctions, for example, dan, tetapi
  • referring to things using demonstratives ini and itu, for example, Ini buku merah
  • negating verbs and adjectives using tidak
  • expressing modality, for example, mau, ingin, boleh, bisa

  VCIDU013 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCRAU013

  Recognise questions, commands and simple sentences, and develop vocabulary for people, places and things in their personal world

  Elaborations

  • identifying people using pronouns
  • describing possession in familiar phrases
  • greeting and farewelling others
  • specifying location
  • describing actions using simple verbs
  • understanding different question words and the anticipated answer
  • using imperatives to tell others to do something
  • referring to numbers of things using cardinal numbers
  • describing the colour, size, shape and character of a person, place or thing
  • joining words or phrases using conjunctions
  • using negation

  VCRAU013 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCFRU106

  Understand the dynamic nature of French and other languages

  Elaborations

  • understanding that languages and cultures change continuously due to contact with each other and in response to new ideas and developments in communications and technology (la mondialisation)
  • recognising that the French language continuously borrows and adapts words and expressions from other languages, including English, for example, stop! le football, le sketch, le clown; le sushi, l’origami
  • recognising that many French words are used in English and in other languages (for example, croissant, menu, ballet, chef, chauffeur), and noticing the different vocabulary areas that these words tend to belong to (such as terms relating to food and fashion) and considering possible reasons for this
  • collecting French words used in English (for example, le restaurant, le menu, le chauffeur, le ballet, la pirouette), and comparing how they are pronounced by French or English speakers
  • understanding that some languages are growing and adapting, while others (such as indigenous languages across the world) are endangered, disappearing or reviving, or blending with stronger languages

  VCFRU106 | Languages | French | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCEBR022

  Explain the links between economic performance and living standards, including the variations that exist within and between economies, and give reasons for the possible causes of variations

  Elaborations

  • comparing Australia’s resource base with another economy and exploring how this may influence trading relationships, for example, why does a particular economy manufacture electronic goods, while another focuses on mining?
  • locating a range of products in the local shopping centre that were produced overseas, and proposing reasons why they were not produced in Australia
  • mapping the global supply chain for a product to identify the participants in the chain
  • defining ‘living standards’, discussing why it is considered the ultimate goal for economic activity and explaining its relationship to economic performance
  • investigating economic performance and living standards and discussing how they can mean different things to different people and countries
  • investigating the ways living standards can be measured, for example, gross domestic product (GDP), Human Development Index (HDI) or total quality of life index
  • identifying policy options designed to improve living standards, such as education, training and workforce development, taxation, migration, government spending on health and infrastructure, environmental policies

  VCEBR022 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 9 and 10 | Resource Allocation and Making Choices

• VCASFC064

  Explore the relationship between identity, community and visual ways of being and the nature and significance of relationship between people, culture and place/space

  Elaborations

  • creating and comparing individual biographies, including elements such as family origins, traditions, beliefs, experiences, and considering how these influence their sense of identity
  • identifying elements of visual awareness in deaf people, such as good observation skills of body language and alertness to hazards in the environment while walking/driving and signing
  • describing how the concept of Deafhood applies to them and to others by evaluating texts and media portrayals of deaf identity
  • discussing visual ways of transmitting and receiving information and how these influence group learning and information sharing among Deaf people
  • exploring how Deaf cultures around the world build shared group identity, for example through gathering formally as national and international communities through activities such as Deaf film festivals, performing arts or sporting events such as Deaf Way, Australian Deaf Games, Deaflympics
  • discussing when and how they learnt Auslan and how this contributed to their sense of identity
  • analysing ways in which Deaf people design and adapt spaces in cultural ways (‘Deaf space’), for example, by eliminating visual obstacles to signed communication; using circles or semicircles for meeting and learning spaces; and using open-plan areas, lighting and window placement to maximise visual access to information, with reference to Gallaudet University’s Deaf space design principles
  • considering how accounts by different deaf visitors to the classroom of their lives, work, education, interests and experience reflect a sense of identity and relationship with Auslan and Deaf culture
  • identifying ways in which members of the Deaf community demonstrate responsibility for relationships within the community and between it and the wider ‘hearing’ society, for example, describing past learning from deaf adults or other deaf peers about navigating relationships
  • investigating and explaining connections between rules, culture and community, identifying how these are demonstrated in Deaf culture through visual ways of being and using language, for example, exploring the values and beliefs which influence observable behaviours and social rules
  • suggesting how reciprocity works in relation to community members sharing responsibility for each other’s wellbeing, comparing examples of how they themselves negotiate relationships with each other and look out for each other
  • exploring the concept of ‘Deaf gain’ and providing examples of how wider society may ‘gain’ from the Deaf community, for example the benefits of captioning for groups such as elderly people or newly arrived migrants
  • describing how the Deaf community maintains Deaf places and keeps them relevant to new generations, for example by acknowledging Deaf pioneers in the naming of places and identifying historical links with places
  • discussing with elders how patterns of ownership and management of Deaf spaces and places impact on the Deaf community
  • describing their experience of moving between English and Auslan, comparing how this feels and considering changes in their sense of identity when communicating in either language
  • sharing their understandings of Deafhood and Deaf gain with Deaf elders and comparing these the elders’ views on these concepts

  VCASFC064 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Identity

• VCGGK065

  Connections of people in Australia to other places in Australia and across the world

  Elaborations

  • examining the ways people are connected to other places through, for example, relatives, friends, things people buy or obtain, holidays, sport, family origin, beliefs, and places of particular significance
  • discussing how their place may be connected to events that have happened in other places, for example, sporting events such as the Olympic Games or natural disasters like the tsunami in Indonesia

  VCGGK065 | The Humanities | Geography | Foundation to Level 2 | Geographical Knowledge | Places and our connections to them

• VCSSU073

  Scientific understandings, discoveries and inventions are used to inform personal and community decisions and to solve problems that directly affect people’s lives

  Elaborations

  • exploring objects and devices that include parts that involve the reflection, absorption or refraction of light, for example, mirrors, sunglasses and prisms
  • considering how electricity and electrical appliances have changed the way some people live
  • considering how decisions are made to grow particular plants and crops depending on environmental conditions
  • considering how guidelines help to ensure the safe use of electrical devices
  • comparing the benefits of using solid, liquid or gaseous fuels to heat a home
  • designing shelters for living things that are exposed to changed or harsh environments, for example, as a result of bushfire or displacement

  VCSSU073 | Science | Levels 5 and 6 | Science Understanding | Science as a human endeavour

• VCHHK138

  Position of the society in relation to other nations in the world by 1918 including the effects of ideas and movements of people

  Elaborations

  • Australia
    • investigating the type of society in Australia ‘Working Man’s Paradise’, ‘Social Laboratory’
    • investigating how the major social legislation of the new Federal Government affected living and working conditions in Australia, for example Legislation 1901–1914, including the Harvester Judgment, Immigration Restriction Act, invalid and old-age pensions and the maternity allowance scheme, Defence Acts
  • Asia
    • analysing the causes of collapse of the Qing and the 1911 Revolution. Discuss reasons why there was increasing demand for Indian independence and self-government and the founding of the Indian Congress Party
    • investigating Japan’s increased expansion into China, the signing of the ‘Twenty-one Demands’ in 1915 and territorial gains as a result of the Treaty of Versailles

  VCHHK138 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The making of the modern world | Australia and Asia

• VCELA236

  Identify language that can be used for appreciating texts and the qualities of people and things

  Elaborations

  • exploring how language is used to express feelings including learning vocabulary to express a gradation of feeling, for example ‘happy’, ‘joyful’, ‘pleased’, ‘contented’
  • exploring in stories, everyday and media texts moral and social dilemmas; such as right and wrong, fairness/unfairness, inclusion and exclusion; learning to use language to describe actions and consider consequences
  • exploring how language is used to construct characters and settings in narratives, including choice of nouns such as ‘girl’, ‘princess’ or ‘orphan’, and choice of adjectives such as ‘gentle’, ‘timid’ or ‘frightened’

  VCELA236 | Curriculum content | English | Level 2 | Speaking and Listening | Language

• VCLVU149

  Notice that people use language in ways that reflect their culture, such as where and how they live and what is important to them

  Elaborations

  • exploring culture as an essential part of human life, understanding that it is shared and passed on between generations; that it includes observable elements, such as ways of cooking or greeting, symbols such as flags and colours, as well as things that are not observable, such as beliefs and values, people’s ways of thinking about themselves and others and relating to their environment
  • recognising that in each culture there are general rules of what to say and do, when, where and with whom, and that these rules differ from culture to culture
  • recognising that beliefs and behaviours are woven into and expressed through languages, and cannot be separated from them
  • noticing how respect for respected community members and Country/Place is built into the language
  • recognising significant cultural symbols and features in the language, for example, in song, visual design, dance moves
  • recognising that languages encapsulate values held about lands, waters and sky, for example, in expressions and concepts such as Caring for Country

  VCLVU149 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCLVU193

  Reflect on how ways of using language are shaped by communities’ ways of thinking, behaving and viewing the world, and the role of language in passing on knowledge

  Elaborations

  • explaining the role of Aboriginal languages and cultures in passing on knowledge such as sustainable care of the environment, rules for living, ways of behaving, spiritual and cultural functions and History
  • reflecting on Indigenous taxonomies and the ways they divide the natural and cultural world and comparing these to other systems of classification
  • analysing concepts related to cultural values in Aboriginal languages, including naming systems, for example, the use of kinship terms, nicknames, substitute words and pronoun systems, comparing to ways of referencing relationships in their own language(s) and culture(s)
  • exploring how aspects of traditional culture and society have been preserved through language, and discussing the importance of maintaining Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages, for their speakers and for all Australians
  • analysing and discussing core cultural concepts reflected in Aboriginal languages, such as respect, avoidance, reciprocity, obligation, responsibility
  • understanding that culturally significant attitudes and beliefs conveyed through Aboriginal languages are related to the past, to land, plants and animals and to celebrations
  • identifying and comparing how emotions or attitudes, such as respect, affection or embarrassment, are shown/displayed across different languages and cultures
  • comparing elements of communication such as the role of silence or use/avoidance of eye contact in different cultural contexts and exchanges
  • recognising that there are multiple views on and partial explanations for events and issues
  • reflecting on the ways culture is interpreted by others, for example, by identifying how stereotypes influence perceptions of other groups or individuals
  • understanding that each Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander person inherits language as part of their birthright, along with membership of a particular group and attachment to Country or Place, and that they become custodians and owners of land, water or sea and of language

  VCLVU193 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCHIU071

  Recognise the intercultural and multilingual nature of language use in social media and popular culture, considering how this influences aspects of their lives

  Elaborations

  • finding examples of language/behaviours associated with Indian culture that are part of everyday life in Australia, for example, words and expressions associated with religion, yoga, dance, Bollywood, food, sport
  • explaining the influence of Indian language and culture on their ways of communicating in different situations, for example, by creating a glossary of Hindi words and expressions they use when communicating in English or when thinking about themselves and their families
  • investigating different forms and functions of multilingualism in today’s society, for example, by tracking the mixing of languages such as Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi and English in Bollywood scripts and song lyrics, or by creating their own hybrid-language advertisements, songs or raps, for example, Life style से तय होगा car का premium..
  • reflecting on other people’s reactions to their use of Hindi and/or English, considering how perceptions of people’s ways of communicating are shaped by cultural standpoints and perspectives

  VCHIU071 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCASFC172

  Demonstrate understanding of the nature of identity in relation to themselves and to members of the Deaf community

  Elaborations

  • describing key milestones or important influences in their lives, including people, events, experiences, community traditions or travel experiences, explaining how these have helped shape their sense of identity and their perspectives
  • viewing a series of Auslan identity stories, such as those found in the Griffith University Introduction to Deaf Studies Unit 1 set, comparing their own experiences to those described by deaf children and adults in the footage
  • making and sharing ‘hand identity charts’ to illustrate similarities and differences in how students define themselves or may be defined by others, using sketches of signs or gloss in the fingers of the chart and views of others outside the handshape
  • identifying Deaf community identities associated with significant places, such as Martha Overend Wilson and the sites of the former Queensland Adult Deaf and Dumb Mission, or Eugene Salas and the original South Australian Deaf Society/Mission building

  VCASFC172 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Identity

• VCSSU126

  Chemical reactions, including combustion and the reactions of acids, are important in both non-living and living systems and involve energy transfer

  Elaborations

  • investigating a range of different reactions to classify them as exothermic or endothermic
  • comparing respiration and photosynthesis and their role in biological processes
  • investigating reactions of acids with metals, bases, and carbonates

  VCSSU126 | Science | Levels 9 and 10 | Science Understanding | Chemical sciences

• VCESU017

  Recognise that Spanish is a global language that is spoken in a variety of forms in different communities around the world, including Australia

  Elaborations

  • recognising that Spanish is an important world language spoken in a range of varieties dialects, and variable accents across the Spanish-speaking world, for example, by identifying Spanish-speaking countries or regions on a map of the world
  • understanding the nature of the distribution of Spanish speakers across the world, not only in countries where Spanish is an official language but also in other countries such as the United States or the Philippines where the Spanish language and cultures have an important presence
  • recognising language variation across the Spanish-speaking world in terms of pronunciation, for example, the different pronunciation of the syllables ce and ci (gracias Cecilia)
  • exploring language variation in relation to vocabulary, for example, ‘a computer’ is un ordenador in Spain and una computadora in Latin America; ‘strawberries’ are fresas in Spain and frutillas in Argentina; ‘bus’ is colectivo in Venezuela, omnibus in Peru, camión in Mexico and guagua in Cuba
  • recognising that there is also variation in some grammatical forms, for example, the use of the pronoun vos in several countries in Latin America compared to tú in Spain; the masculine direct object pronoun le/lo in Spain and lo in Latin America
  • recognising differences between standard varieties of Spanish and varying degrees of language blending and influence, for example, Spanglish
  • recognising that many Spanish speakers also speak one or more regional and/or local languages, for example, Catalan or Basque

  VCESU017 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCSSU132

  Energy flow in Earth’s atmosphere can be explained by the processes of heat transfer

  Elaborations

  • recognising that the Law of Conservation of Energy explains that total energy is maintained in energy transfers and transformations
  • recognising that in energy transfers and transformations, a number of steps can occur and the system is not 100% efficient so that usable energy is reduced
  • comparing energy changes in physical events, for example, car crashes, the motion of pendulums, lifting and dropping

  VCSSU132 | Science | Levels 9 and 10 | Science Understanding | Physical sciences