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• VCEALL129

  Recognise a small range of familiar words in different contexts

  Elaborations

  • using previous knowledge to read familiar words and phrases in unfamiliar texts, such as words from a high-frequency word list, and sentence starters such as ‘Once upon a time …’, ‘Today is …’
  • recognising familiar words and collocations, such as ‘the big bad wolf’, in different contexts
  • recognising some common prefixes and suffixes, such as ‘un–’ and ‘–er’, and how they change the meaning of words

  VCEALL129 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL021

  Understand the tense of statements or instructions by using time references

  Elaborations

  • understanding common time references in basic sentences, such as ‘We went yesterday’, ‘Tomorrow we will go’, ‘Now we can eat lunch’
  • matching simple verb tense to time words, such as ‘Yesterday we did …’, ‘Tomorrow we do …’
  • sometimes using inconsistent tense when describing events in the past, present and future, for example ‘We waited and then catch the train’

  VCEALL021 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL075

  Demonstrate some control of basic verb forms

  Elaborations

  • using a range of common action verbs (‘sit’, ‘eat’, ‘play’), sensing verbs (‘want’, ‘like’) and relating verbs (‘be’, ‘have’)
  • controlling simple past tense for common verbs, including some regular verbs (such as ‘played’, ‘liked’) and some common irregular verbs (such as ‘went’, ‘was’, ‘saw’)
  • using inconsistent use of tense within a sentence, for example ‘I went to the park and playing footy’
  • expressing negatives in the most basic forms, for example ‘I no like’

  VCEALL075 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCECD003

  Explore the effects that personal feelings can have on how people behave in situations where ethical issues are involved

  Elaborations

  • comparing the deliberations and actions of people who share a problem but experience different feelings, and reflecting on the influence feelings have on the outcome, for example, conflict over the sharing of a reward for a group effort
  • examining a range of issues to determine if feelings are important in reaching the best decision and why, for example, reaching a decision on who to invite to a party, or what jail sentence a judge should hand down
  • discussing whether a machine or robot would be able to make the best decisions in particular situations without being able to feel

  VCECD003 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Foundation to Level 2 | Decision Making and Actions

• VCELA262

  Understand that verbs represent different processes (doing, thinking, saying, and relating) and that these processes are anchored in time through tense

  Elaborations

  • identifying different types of verbs and the way they add meaning to a sentence
  • exploring action and saying verbs in narrative texts to show how they give information about what characters do and say
  • exploring the use of sensing verbs and how they allow readers to know what characters think and feel
  • exploring the use of relating verbs in constructing definitions and descriptions
  • learning how time is represented through the tense of a verb and other structural, language and visual features

  VCELA262 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Writing | Language

• VCELC125

  Participate in shared imaginative activities and respond by acting out events, identifying favourite elements, and making simple statements about characters

  Elaborations

  • listening to, viewing and reading stories, such as Aesop’s fables, or stories by contemporary Greek authors, in a range of text types, and responding to questions about characters, themes and events
  • comparing a Greek myth or legend to myths and legends of a country of the Asia region, such as China, and highlighting the similarities and differences in characters, events and moral of the story
  • creating a timeline of the main events of a story using pictures, words and simple sentences
  • performing a scene from a Greek myth (Theseus and the Minotaur, Icarus, Hercules, Cyclops, Persephone) using simple, modelled language

  VCELC125 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Creating

• VCELU132

  Recognise and use elements of Greek grammar, such as word order, gender and singular/plural forms, to describe people, objects or events

  Elaborations

  • beginning to describe and explain features of Modern Greek using metalanguage, for example, using the terms masculine, feminine, neuter nouns, verbs, tenses, adjectives, conjunctions, in English or Greek
  • noticing the use of gender in Greek names, singular/plural, and articles, for example, Η Άννα, η γάτα, οι γάτες, α ψάρια, ο μπαμπάς
  • using adjectives to describe characteristics or qualities (such as number, shape and colour) of a person or object (noun), for example, τρία μικρά γουρουνάκια, and understanding that adjectives have gender, for example, καλός, καλή, καλό, ψηλός, ψηλή, ψηλό, κόκκινος, κόκκινη, κόκκινο
  • creating simple sentences in the subject–verb–object order, for example, Το βάζο έχει λουλούδια
  • experimenting with compound sentences using conjunctions such as και and αλλά
  • using adverbs of place, for example, έξω, μέσα, πάνω, κάτω, μπροστά, πίσω, δίπλα
  • observing singular noun and plural noun endings, for example, γάτα, γάτες, σπίτι, σπίτια
  • understanding that some words can mean different things in different contexts, for example, μπάνιο can mean ‘bathroom’, ‘bathtub’ or ‘swimming at the beach’
  • recognising the differences or similarities in word order in simple sentences, for example, μου αρέσει, δε μου αρέσει
  • expressing negation in simple sentences, for example, Όχι, δεν το θέλω, δε μ’ αρέσει
  • expanding number knowledge up to 100

  VCELU132 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELY221

  Read familiar and some unfamiliar texts with phrasing and fluency by combining phonic, semantic, contextual and grammatical knowledge using text processing strategies, including monitoring meaning, predicting, rereading and self-correcting

  Elaborations

  • using prior and learned knowledge and vocabulary to make and confirm predictions when reading text
  • using grammatical knowledge to predict likely sentence patterns when reading more complex narratives and informative texts
  • using knowledge of sound–letter relationships and high-frequency sight words when decoding text
  • monitoring own reading and self-correcting when reading does not make sense, using illustrations, context, phonics, grammar knowledge and prior and learned topic knowledge
  • using grammar and meaning to read aloud with fluency and intonation

  VCELY221 | Curriculum content | English | Level 2 | Reading and Viewing | Literacy

• VCELY329

  Plan, draft and publish imaginative, informative and persuasive print and multimodal texts, choosing text structures, language features, images and sound appropriate to purpose and audience

  Elaborations

  • using research from print and digital resources to gather and organise information for writing
  • selecting an appropriate text structure for the writing purpose and sequencing content according to that text structure, introducing the topic, and grouping related information in well-sequenced paragraphs with a concluding statement
  • using vocabulary, including technical vocabulary, appropriate to purpose and context
  • using paragraphs to present and sequence a text
  • using appropriate grammatical features, including more complex sentences and relevant verb tense, pronoun reference, adverb and noun groups/phrases for effective descriptions

  VCELY329 | Curriculum content | English | Level 5 | Writing | Literacy

• VCELY152

  Read texts with familiar structures and features, practising phrasing and fluency, and monitor meaning using concepts about print and emerging phonic, semantic, contextual and grammatical knowledge

  Elaborations

  • navigating a text correctly, starting at the right place and reading in the right direction, returning to the next line as needed, matching one spoken word to one written word
  • reading aloud with attempts at fluency and intonation
  • attempting to work out unknown words by combining contextual, semantic, grammatical and phonic knowledge
  • predicting what might happen on the basis of experience of this kind of text; at the sentence level predicting the meaning on the basis of syntax and word meaning

  VCELY152 | Curriculum content | English | Foundation Level | Reading and Viewing | Literacy

• VCIDU014

  Understand that language is organised as ‘text’, and recognise features of texts such as songs, chants, labels and captions

  Elaborations

  • recognising that sentences have parts, such as subject, verb and object
  • observing features of familiar texts such as greetings in a conversation, the chorus in a song, or rhyme in a song/poem
  • understanding that texts have a purpose, for example, recounts are ways of describing past events (Pada suatu hari…) and greeting cards can convey feelings (Saya cinta padamu)

  VCIDU014 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCKOU202

  Apply features and rules of Korean pronunciation and Hangeul to understanding and producing a range of texts for different audiences and purposes

  Elaborations

  • using Korean pronunciation and spelling rules for listening to and reading authentic texts and producing own written and oral texts
  • knowing when to pause in complex sentences with embedded clauses
  • understanding that there are variations in Korean pronunciation across people from different regions of Korea but that spelling follows standardised rules
  • writing in Hangeul independently, observing writing conventions and rules

  VCKOU202 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCLAU025

  Analyse the structure and features of different text types in Latin, exploring how they relate to context, purpose and audience

  Elaborations

  • examining textual features used to influence an audience, such as the contrast of short and periodic sentences to persuade, or the use of repetition and humour to entertain
  • making connections and comparisons between a new text and familiar texts of the same type
  • analysing different texts, such as a story, historical account or speech, to understand how a version of an event can be expressed in different ways
  • recognising different ways of presenting the same story, for example, from the viewpoint of different characters or in the form of a flashback
  • analysing language features used to influence the intended audience, such as imagery or rhetorical devices

  VCLAU025 | Languages | Latin | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VC2M6M04

  identify the relationships between angles on a straight line, angles at a point and vertically opposite angles; use these to determine unknown angles, communicating reasoning

  Elaborations

  • using protractors or dynamic geometry software to measure and generalise about the size of angles formed when lines are crossed, and combinations of angles that meet at a point, including combinations that form right or straight angles
  • demonstrating the meaning of language associated with properties of angles, including right, complementary, complement, straight, supplement, vertically opposite, and angles at a point
  • using the properties of supplementary and complementary angles to represent spatial situations with number sentences and solving to find the size of unknown angles

  VC2M6M04 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 6 | Measurement

• VCNRC023

  Participate in shared imaginative activities and respond by acting out events, identifying favourite elements, and making simple statements about characters

  Elaborations

  • listening to, viewing and reading stories in a range of text types, and responding to questions about characters, themes and events
  • comparing a myth, legend or story to an Australian Dreaming story and highlighting the similarities and differences in characters, events and moral of the story
  • creating a timeline of the main events of a story using pictures, words and simple sentences
  • performing a scene from a myth, legend or story using simple, modelled language

  VCNRC023 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Creating

• VCNRC076

  Translate and analyse a range of texts comparing interpretations and explaining differences in meaning

  Elaborations

  • exchanging translations of familiar texts with peers, through email or shared spaces such as ePals, and discussing different versions in order to develop a whole-class translation
  • translating, analysing and explaining expressions and idioms encountered in texts, finding ways to convey the meaning and cultural significance
  • translating stories for others, analysing how words can have different meanings when used in different ways in a sentence and explaining the differences to others
  • translating texts to identify and evaluate cultural elements and influences, for example, proverbs and sayings

  VCNRC076 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCNRU114

  Recognise and reproduce sound-letter relationships and combinations in the language being learned in spoken and written forms and key features of pronunciation, rhythm and stress

  Elaborations

  • recognising the differences in tone and rhythm
  • recognising and reproducing rhythms in more complex sentences, using pausing and intonation
  • understanding the role of pronunciation, rhythm and pace in creating effects and relationships in oral texts, such as songs, stories, poems and conversations
  • identifying differences in sounds and using them appropriately when writing
  • experimenting with pronunciation rules and intonation collaboratively with peers

  VCNRU114 | Languages | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCVIU152

  Understand and use basic grammatical structures and explore a range of nouns, adjectives, adverbs, verbs and conjunctions, to express opinions, actions and events in time and place

  Elaborations

  • applying basic sentence structure in spoken and written texts, for example, subject + predicate, and understanding the grammatical function in sentences of adjectives, nouns, verbs and adverbs
  • using different types of compound words, for example, nhà cửa, đường phố, trường lớp, anh chị em, and understanding how they are formed, for example, trường + học = trường học; học + hành = học hành
  • using adverbs and adjectives to expand and elaborate meaning in sentences, for example, (hát) hay, (học) giỏi, (làm việc) nhanh nhẹn/chậm chạp and (người con) ngoan ngoãn/có hiếu, (căn phòng) sạch sẽ/ngăn nắp
  • exploring a range of comparative and superlative forms of adjectives, for example, đẹp, đẹp hơn, đẹp nhất
  • extending vocabulary by learning and using reduplicative words, for example, nho nhỏ, to to, đo đỏ
  • exploring and using synonyms, for example to, lớn, nhỏ, bé, siêng năng, chăm chỉ, and antonyms, for example, tốt ≠ xấu, mới ≠ cũ, ngày ≠ đêm, nóng ≠ lạnh, hiền ≠ dữ, giàu ≠ nghèo
  • expanding use of verbs to express actions, for example, Tôi chơi đá banh, and feelings, for example, Tôi cảm thấy vui khi được cô khen; and imperative forms, for example, Im lặng! Nghe cô giảng bài!
  • using conjunctions to link words, phrases or sentences, for example, và, với, hay, tại vì, hoặc, tuy, nhưng

  VCVIU152 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU238

  Compare how grammatical features such as tense and passive voice are constructed in English and Chinese, and identify distinctive features of Chinese grammar, for example, in tense marking (了、过), possession, plurality

  Elaborations

  • enhancing their understanding of how information is organised to achieve particular communicative purposes, for example, 是…的 and 被 structure
  • experimenting with the use of different sentence patterns when composing own messages, for example, 让步句 and 转折句

  VCZHU238 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU122

  Recognise the four tones and their function in Chinese, and compare consonant and vowel sounds in Chinese and English

  Elaborations

  • participating in activities aimed at raising awareness of pronouncing and differentiating between tones and syllables in Chinese and noting differences in own spoken language, for example comparing a recording of own spoken Chinese with other students in the class
  • practising the ‘flow’ of a sentence in Chinese, using gesture to help demonstrate tone and stress
  • performing or reciting texts with strong rhythmic features such as nursery rhymes or tongue twisters, for example, 《猴子穿新衣》

  VCZHU122 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language