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• VC2M5P02

  conduct repeated chance experiments, including those with and without equally likely outcomes, and observe and record the results; use frequency to compare outcomes and estimate their likelihoods

  Elaborations

  • discussing and listing all the possible outcomes of an activity and conducting experiments to estimate the probabilities (for example, using coloured cards in a card game and experimenting with shuffling the deck and turning over one card at a time) and recording and discussing the results
  • conducting experiments, recording the outcomes and the number of times the outcomes occur, and describing the relative frequency of each outcome; for example, using ‘I threw the coin 10 times, and the results were 3 times for a head, so that is 3 out of 10, and 7 times for a tail, so that is 7 out of 10’
  • experimenting with and comparing the outcomes of spinners with equal coloured regions compared to unequal coloured regions; and responding to questions such as ‘How does this spinner differ to one where each of the colours has an equal chance of occurring?’, giving reasons
  • comparing the results of experiments using a fair dice and one that has numbers represented on faces more than once, explaining how this affects the likelihood of outcomes
  • using spreadsheets to record the outcomes of an activity and calculate the total frequencies of different outcomes, representing these as a fraction; for example, using coloured balls in a bag, drawing one out at a time and recording the colour, and replacing them in the bag after each draw
  • investigating Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children’s instructive games (for example, Diyari koolchee from the Diyari Peoples near Lake Eyre in South Australia), to conduct repeated trials and explore predictable patterns, using digital tools where appropriate

  VC2M5P02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 5 | Probability

• VC2M2ST02

  create different graphical representations of data using software where appropriate; compare the different representations, and identify and describe common and distinctive features in response to questions

  Elaborations

  • collecting data from a limited list of choices, creating 2 different graphical representations of the data, and discussing and comparing the different representations; for example, asking the class to choose their favourite colour from a given set, then co-creating a picture graph with colours on the horizontal axis and comparing it to a column graph with colours on the horizontal axis and numbers on the vertical axis
  • creating different data displays (for example, lists, tally charts, jointly created column graphs and picture graphs) to represent a data set, describing the information that each display represents and discussing how easy or hard they are to interpret and why
  • using digital tools to create picture graphs to represent data using one-to-one correspondence, deciding on an appropriate title for the graph and considering whether the categories of data are appropriate for the context
  • comparing picture graphs with one-to-one column graphs of the same data, interpreting the data in each and saying how they are the same and how they are different; for example, collecting data on the country of birth of each student and creating different pictographs to represent classroom data
  • using dot plots, sticker charts, picture graphs, bar charts and column graphs to represent data

  VC2M2ST02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 2 | Statistics

• VCAVAE021

  Explore ideas, experiences, observations and imagination and express them through subject matter in visual artworks they create

  Elaborations

  • looking at an artworks and present a range of interpretations of the subject matter based on their ideas, experiences, observations and/or imagination
  • observing and recording the people and objects they experience in their daily lives using different art forms and materials
  • exploring the use of visual conventions in artworks, for example, what colours were used, and how, why is the colour it used in this way?, and express these conventions in their own artworks
  • drawing images and making objects related to self, others and personal environments in different forms, for example, painting, sculpture, photography
  • identifying and using visual conventions in their artworks focusing on different styles, subject matter and art forms from different cultures and historical periods, including artworks by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

  VCAVAE021 | The Arts | Visual Arts | Levels 1 and 2 | Explore and Express Ideas

• VCAVAV014

  Explore different materials and techniques to make artworks

  Elaborations

  • exploring different ways of using visual arts elements, principles, skills, techniques and processes, materials and technologies
  • creating two-dimensional and three-dimensional art works in structured learning experiences for example using mark-making and collage media, materials and techniques in two- and three-dimensional art works or using materials, such as paste, cloth, wood, ceramics, beads and clay to create two-dimensional and three-dimensional art works
  • mixing colours to make and explore secondary colours
  • exploring textures and shapes through their artworks and designs
  • exploring a range of natural and man-made materials and technologies to visually express their experiences, for example, paint, pencils, sand, photography
  • comparing the qualities and properties of materials such as paint, crayons, clay and found objects and select appropriate applications to represent something or someone they like

  VCAVAV014 | The Arts | Visual Arts | Level D | Visual Arts Practices

• VCDTDI036

  Investigate how digital systems represent text, image and sound data in binary

  Elaborations

  • explaining that characters in text correspond to numbers defined by the character set, for example ‘A’ corresponds to 65 in the ASCII and Unicode character sets
  • recognising that Unicode attempts to represent the written symbols of every language; and using Unicode charts to look up characters from Asian writing systems
  • investigating the different representation of bitmap and vector graphics and its consequences, for example pixelation in magnified bitmap and vector images
  • investigating how colours are represented in images and videos, for example manipulating red, green and blue (RGB) colours in an image editor
  • converting between decimal and 8-bit (1 byte) unsigned binary, covering whole numbers typically used for characters and RGB, for example 65 in decimal is 01000001 in 8-bit binary
  • explaining ways media elements are presented, for example the difference between embedded and linked media elements

  VCDTDI036 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 7 and 8 | Data and Information

• VC2M1N01

  recognise, represent and order numbers to at least 120 using physical and virtual materials, numerals, number lines and charts

  Elaborations

  • reading, writing and naming numerals and ordering two-digit numbers from zero to at least 120, using patterns within the natural number system, including numbers that look and sound similar, for example, 16, 60, 61 and 66
  • using number tracks or positioning a set of numbered cards in the correct order and relative location by pegging them on an empty number line
  • using hundreds charts to build understanding and fluency with numbers; for example, collaboratively building a hundreds chart using cards numbered from zero to 99, or colour-coding the count of tens in a hundreds chart using one colour to represent the number of tens and another to represent the number of ones
  • recognising that numbers are used in all languages and cultures but may be represented differently in words and symbols (for example, through kanji numbers in Japanese and characters in Chinese) and that there are alternative numeration systems (for example, using special characters for 10 and 100 and other multiples of 10 in Japanese and Chinese numeration)

  VC2M1N01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 1 | Number

• VCZHU176

  Explain how communicative practices are influenced by engagement with different languages and cultures

  Elaborations

  • exploring uses and meanings of word categories (such as colours, celebrations, animals) across languages and cultures, for example, the assumption in Australia that a cake with candles must be a birthday cake; the use of colours to reflect mood
  • analyse culture-specific values in Chinese (such as face, harmony, group identity), and explore how these are applied in own language use, for example expressing modesty and respect through the expression 多多指教
  • identifying words used with specific assumptions, for example, gender (英俊 is used to describe males), significance (会见 versus 见面), formality (光临 versus 来到)

  VCZHU176 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCAMAE033

  Experiment with the organisation of ideas to structure stories through settings, genre conventions and viewpoints, in images, sounds and text

  Elaborations

  • creating multiple representations of the same person, place or concept, using different media, to create different viewpoints.in media artworks
  • experimenting with use of images, sounds and text and selected conventions to challenge existing stereotypes in society
  • combining established genre conventions such as framing in still and moving image, sound in radio plays or audio-visual artworks, and font size, shape and colour in print

  VCAMAE033 | The Arts | Media Arts | Levels 7 and 8 | Explore and Represent Ideas

• VCAMAM026

  Use media technologies to create time and space through the manipulation of images, sounds and text when telling stories

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with camera placement and settings to frame the subject, using basic shot types, angles and lighting to control picture space
  • applying text to accompany still or moving images, for example credits in a title sequence selecting appropriate fonts, colour and suitable length of time for display
  • practising recording sound on a variety of devices to explore volume, layering and the use of voice to create a sense of place
  • experimenting with ways of formatting and laying out a story using software and appropriate text conventions, for example, for the front page of a newspaper story

  VCAMAM026 | The Arts | Media Arts | Levels 3 and 4 | Media Arts Practices

• VCAMAR024

  Respond to media artworks and consider where and why people in their local area make media artworks, including media artworks of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

  Elaborations

  • identifying where they might experience media artworks in their lives and communities, for example, considering how media artworks from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples sustain and communicate cultural knowledge
  • identifying the artistic intentions in media artworks they make and view
  • identifying features in media artworks, including elements such as time, sound, colour and lighting, and story principles such as characters and setting
  • identifying how media language and technologies are used to tell stories, for example, discussing how a family story is told using images and text

  VCAMAR024 | The Arts | Media Arts | Levels 1 and 2 | Respond and Interpret

• VCAMAR008

  Respond to media artworks

  Elaborations

  • indicating what they liked in an artwork by pointing
  • demonstrating artworks they like through repeated viewing and choice making, for example selecting an image to indicate media artwork they want to view, picture/ song do you want/ like
  • exploring and responding to artworks as part of an audience for a short period of time
  • experience media artworks at school and in the local community
  • exploring features of media artworks by indicating elements they like, such as sound, image, colour

  VCAMAR008 | The Arts | Media Arts | Level B | Respond and Interpret

• VCAMUE040

  Improvise and arrange music, using aural awareness and technical skills to manipulate the elements of music to explore options for interpretation and developing music ideas

  Elaborations

  • using listening skills and memory to identify, sing and notate pitch and rhythm patterns, intervals and familiar chord changes
  • improvising and using technologies to develop the texture of a composition, for example, exploring instrumentation, dynamics and expressive techniques, using digital tools to create and manipulate tone colour
  • experimenting with layering of sound to develop a personal style in improvisation and composition
  • applying aural understanding of key and tonality when improvising and composing

  VCAMUE040 | The Arts | Music | Levels 9 and 10 | Explore and Express Ideas

• VCAMUP027

  Rehearse and perform songs and instrumental music they have learnt and composed, shaping elements of music to communicate ideas to an audience

  Elaborations

  • rehearsing and performing music using a range of techniques including technologies to enhance mood
  • planning and rehearsing their music for a live or virtual performance, for example, deciding where the performers will stand, how they will begin and end, practising following cues from the music and other members of the group
  • refining their compositions and performances based on peer and teacher evaluations and with a focus on specific music technique and elements
  • developing and refining techniques on a range of conventional and unconventional melodic and non-melodic percussion instruments, voice, and digital instruments to create and vary tone colour and expression

  VCAMUP027 | The Arts | Music | Levels 3 and 4 | Present and Perform

• VCAVAR020

  Respond to visual artworks and consider where and why people make visual artworks

  Elaborations

  • identifying the subject matter of a series of artworks based on the same theme
  • identifying how design elements, such as line, shape, colour or texture, are used in their artworks and in the artworks of others
  • identifying and describing the expression of ideas in a selection of artworks, for example, considering the subject matter, styles and techniques of a selection of artworks from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander artists
  • discussing the role of artist and audience when expressing ideas in artworks

  VCAVAR020 | The Arts | Visual Arts | Foundation Level | Respond and Interpret

• VCAVAR012

  Respond to visual artworks by indicating subject matter

  Elaborations

  • responding to various visual arts, for example study visual components within a picture
  • participating as an audience member by moving around quietly and looking at art pieces
  • communicating about aspects of their own and others art works, by pointing to and naming some of the basic features, for example some colours and items used in art works
  • considering the subject matter, styles of a selection of artworks, and how the artworks make them think and feel
  • experiencing the role of artist and audience as they start to interpret meaning in artworks

  VCAVAR012 | The Arts | Visual Arts | Level C | Respond and Interpret

• VCCCTR014

  Distinguish between main and peripheral ideas in own and others information and points of view

  Elaborations

  • annotating an argument with different colours or using a concept map to show the most important and less important information and explaining their annotations to others
  • experimenting with arguments by changing the order of ideas and discussing effectiveness
  • creating a bumper sticker or headline to show the main idea in a point of view
  • comparing different responses to identify main ideas and information, for example on why people participate in community activities

  VCCCTR014 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 3 and 4 | Reasoning

• VCDTCD043

  Develop and modify programs with user interfaces involving branching, iteration and functions using a general-purpose programming language

  Elaborations

  • developing and modifying digital solutions by implementing instructions contained in algorithms using a programming language
  • developing a digital game that manipulates models of real-world objects
  • programming a robot to recognise particular objects and to treat them differently, for example to choose objects based on colour
  • creating digital solutions that provide user navigation and prompts with controlled repetitions, for example an information kiosk that has layers of buttons and prompts the user three times before returning to the beginning

  VCDTCD043 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 7 and 8 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCEALA718

  Understand how the purpose and audience of a text can influence content and form

  Elaborations

  • designing layout and visual features to suit purpose and audience, for example using bright colours in an illustrated story for children
  • transforming texts to suit a different purpose or audience, for example converting a road safety website for learner drivers to a pamphlet for older drivers
  • discussing language choices with regard to purpose and audience, for example reflecting on word choices in a persuasive text

  VCEALA718 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA782

  Revise and refine writing in response to feedback from a teacher or peer

  Elaborations

  • giving and interpreting feedback in different formats, for example using coloured or highlighter pens on print texts, review comments on digital texts, feedback checklists
  • incorporating feedback on a range of aspects, for example redrafting a personal recount to edit out unnecessary detail
  • using software to support in-text referencing and reference lists, for example using online reference generators, functions in text editors

  VCEALA782 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALC007

  Participate in simple and familiar songs, rhymes and chants

  Elaborations

  • reciting familiar rhymes, songs with actions or lists of words such as days of the week or colours of the rainbow
  • rehearsing formulas or short exchanges based on models, such as ‘Hello, what is your name?’, ‘My name is … What is your name?’, ‘Pleased to meet you’
  • role-playing popular stories or songs, for example ‘Little pig, little pig, let me in’

  VCEALC007 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Communication