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• VCEALL079

  Experiment with some familiar punctuation

  Elaborations

  • using basic punctuation some of the time, such as full stops at the end of sentences, capital letters to begin sentences and for names
  • writing capital and lower-case letters and full stops accurately when copying
  • beginning to copy more complex punctuation accurately, such as commas, question marks, exclamation marks, quotation marks

  VCEALL079 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALA222

  Rewrite following explicit correction

  Elaborations

  • copying out a corrected version of own text, for example with corrected spelling or capital letters
  • attempting to self-correct by copying spelling or sentences from classroom texts

  VCEALA222 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level BL | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCARU029

  Understand rules of pronunciation and intonation and writing conventions, and apply these to own constructions to enhance meaning and aesthetic effect

  Elaborations

  • distinguishing the pronunciation of (الشدة) and (التنوين )
  • using the rhythms of the Arabic language, including intonation, tone and stress, to increase fluency and enhance expression
  • recognising that certain letters in Arabic appear in different variations, for example, ت؛ ة
  • applying spacing rules between words and using their knowledge of writing conventions to expand on ideas in written texts
  • making choices in relation to the use of punctuation such as ( ؛) and adjusting the flow of ideas, increasing text cohesion and enhancing expression
  • recognising the need for pauses or changes of tone in complex sentences with embedded clauses
  • understanding that there are variations in both spoken and written Arabic across different countries and regions, and analysing the reasons for such variations, for example, سوريا/سورية؛ ناديا/نادية؛ فاديا/فادية
  • noticing how tone can convey emotions and shade meaning, such as distinguishing between colloquial or formal language, for example, حقًا؟ يا إلهي! تعال إلى هنا حالاً!
  • using Arabic pronunciation and spelling rules when listening to and reading authentic texts, and evaluating their own spelling and pronunciation in relation to their understanding and expression

  VCARU029 | Languages | Arabic | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCESU030

  Recognise and apply rules of Spanish pronunciation, stress and intonation, demonstrating awareness of differences in accent and pronunciation across the Spanish-speaking world, and use appropriate writing conventions

  Elaborations

  • recognising the importance of appropriate stress, pronunciation and spelling for meaning-making, for example, estudio versus estudió
  • understanding variation in pronunciation across the Spanish-speaking world, for example, the pronunciation of ce and ci in different regions (ceceo or seseo) for example in the words gracias, Cecilia, and the soft sh pronunciation of the letters ll and y in Argentine Spanish (calle/cashe)
  • adapting the tone, intonation and rhythm of language to their own expressive needs and to the nature of the interaction, for example, calming a child or attracting attention
  • using the Spanish alphabet to spell out names or expressions, noticing similarities and differences to English and using correct terminology for accents and marks (tilde, acento, diéresis)
  • listening to and reciting texts such as poems, stories or song lyrics to familiarise themselves with the rhythm and musicality of the language, for example, Proverbios y cantares de Antonio Machado, Guantanamera de José Martí

  VCESU030 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCESU192

  Recognise that pronunciation, intonation, rhythm and pace assist in fluency and in meaning-making in spoken interactions

  Elaborations

  • recognising the role of pronunciation, rhythm, word stress, tempo and tone of voice in effective communication, and applying this knowledge to own interactions
  • using challenging letter combinations in written and spoken Spanish, such as ae in aeropuerto, au in Augusto, ll in ballena, r in pero, rr in perro, d in bondad and the soft t in té,
  • noticing how tone can convey emotions and shade meaning, example, ¡Vamos ya! ¡Corre! ¡Tengo miedo del tigre! ¿Te gustaría ir al cine? ¡No te enojes!
  • applying knowledge of pronunciation, intonation, rhythm and pace to own use of spoken Spanish, for example, when reading stories to younger children, asking questions or expressing emotions such as surprise or sadness

  VCESU192 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCGRCU007

  Understand the phonological and orthographic systems of Classical Greek, including the restored pronunciation and the written alphabet

  Elaborations

  • learning the Greek alphabet in lower and upper case, including final sigma, matching script to sound, for example, δ = d, γ = g, θ = th
  • recognising the use of the upper case in Classical Greek to distinguish proper nouns
  • mimicking or copying restored pronunciation of Classical Greek words, individually or with peers
  • writing simple sentences in Classical Greek to consolidate knowledge of script
  • recognising and representing diphthongs, double consonants and aspirated consonants, for example, αι, γγ, ψ, ξ, θ, χ, φ
  • recognising and using diacritical marks to show aspiration and iota subscript, for example, ἡ ὁδός, τῇ ὁδῷ
  • learning the standard system of transliteration of Greek into English letters, for example, δ = d, χ = ch, αι = ae
  • recognising that punctuation in Classical Greek can be different from English, for example, the use of the semicolon as the question mark in Classical Greek

  VCGRCU007 | Languages | Classical Greek | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCITU110

  Understand the features of common spoken, written and multimodal texts

  Elaborations

  • understanding and using cohesive devices such as conjunctions (for example, e, ma, perché, anche, o, invece) to help sequence ideas and to link ideas and actions
  • listening to or reading simple Italian texts and recognising the conventions of particular text types, for example, postcard, letter, email, card, blog and conversations (face to face and phone)
  • analysing simple spoken, written and digital texts to identify different kinds of language use (such as personal, descriptive or informative) and ways to achieve textual cohesion, for example, use of fillers in spoken texts (insomma, beh, boh, allora)
  • talking about language features and word order using relevant metalanguage such as ‘verbs’, ‘adjectives’, ‘nouns’ and ‘pronouns’ (for example, know if this non/adjective singolare o plurale? Perché?), and comparing grammatical features in Italian and English

  VCITU110 | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCJAU033

  Use a range of textual conventions in spoken, written and multimodal texts, and understand how different scripts are used to convey meaning or effects

  Elaborations

  • applying their understanding of the function of cohesive devices such as conjunctions to sequence and link ideas and actions, for example, verb て form, だから、 しかし、 それに、 けれども
  • applying understanding of the textual features of different text types to construct simple narratives, messages, slogans or song lyrics, noticing how the choice of language and text structure works to achieve each text’s purpose
  • comparing language features of Japanese and English versions of familiar texts such as weather reports, phone conversations or text messages, for example, the use of abbreviations and emoticons, noting differences that appear to be culturally significant
  • using appropriate textual conventions to shape simple texts such as letters or menus, for example, introductions, linked paragraphs, summaries and sequencing strategies
  • analysing the function of different scripts in different types of texts, identifying examples of kanji used for nouns and verbs, katakana for borrowed words and hiragana for grammatical purposes

  VCJAU033 | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCTRC040

  Respond to imaginative texts such as TV programs, folktales, performances or cartoons by sharing opinions on elements such as storylines, messages, characters and themes

  Elaborations

  • listening to, reading or viewing traditional folktales, contemporary stories and cartoons, responding by retelling or re-enacting the story in their own words or by creating a timeline to track sequences of events
  • creating digital profiles of characters they enjoy in different stories, plays or poems, providing physical and character descriptions and examples of the ways they speak and behave
  • composing a personal response or commentary, such as a letter or journal entry, to a message conveyed by a character in a folktale, legend or fable relating to a concept such as truthfulness, courage or honesty
  • presenting a critical review of a song, story or television program, using evaluative language such as Ben … çok beğendim çünkü …, … hiç sevmedim. Çok üzücüydü
  • sharing responses to recorded performances of Türk Halk Oyunları by making expressive and descriptive statements to interpret the meaning and impact of the music and movements
  • describing their reactions to imaginative texts that evoke responses such as sadness, fear or excitement, relating them to their own experiences by using stem statements such as Bir defa benim de başıma gelmişti, Ben de benzer bir olay yaşadım
  • recognising that there are different ways of telling a story, as in the case of Türk halıları ve kilimleri, discussing the uniqueness of symbols, colours, stories and feelings represented in carpets and rugs from different regions

  VCTRC040 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Creating

• VCTRU080

  Understand regular and irregular elements of spoken and written Turkish, and use elements such as affixation and compound patterns to produce complex phrases and elaborated texts and to participate in extended interactions

  Elaborations

  • understanding the use of lexical stress in Turkish, and the relation between morphemes and stress, where usually the left-most morpheme is the one that determines the stress, as in a range of compounds such as atlıkarınca, kadınbudu, imambayıldı, akşamüstü, güneydoğu, Fenerbahçe, and depremzede
  • experimenting with different registers and vocal and stylistic effects in creating specific emphases in different types of spoken and written texts, for example, speeches, songs, letters to the editor
  • using elision in informal interactions, for example, napcaz? gelcen mi? naber?
  • knowing when to pause and what tone to use for required effects, such as emphasis or persuasion
  • recognising ways in which written language differs from spoken language, such as being more crafted, precise, elaborated or complex, for example, the use of subordinate clauses and support details, Cumartesi günkü maçta Atatürk Kupası’nı kazanan takım, Galatasaray’ı 89’uncu dakikada Mehmet’in attığı golle 1-0 yenerek kupayı 5’inci kez evine götüren Beşiktaş oldu
  • recognising the impermanent and fluid nature of spoken language, identifying features such as interactivity and turn-taking, the use of repetition, pauses, interruptions and contractions, inverted syntax, such as ben de isterim gelmeyi and the use of non-verbal language and vocal effects
  • using challenging word combinations in written and spoken Turkish tongue twisters

  VCTRU080 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU221

  Analyse textual features of formal genres and apply these in their own speech and writing

  Elaborations

  • analysing features of texts in formal domains, for example, comparing aspects of formal and personal letters such as salutations or level of politeness; examining features of articles such as the use of headings, placement of author name, organisation into introduction, body and conclusion
  • comparing how statistical data (such as census information or surveys) are collated and referred to in Chinese and English texts, including consideration of the levels of in-text referencing required across both languages
  • analysing linguistic, stylistic and textual features of diverse samples of the same genre to compare the choices made by authors and the impact of these choices, for example, comparing 这位老人已经七十多岁了， 他每天要一上一下地打扫一千八百多级石阶， 该是多么辛苦啊！ and 这位老人年纪大了，要打扫很多石阶，这些石阶大概有一千八百多级，非常辛苦
  • analysing stylistic/literary devices used in knowledge-based texts, for example, technical terms and concise formulaic expressions used in newspaper articles
  • appreciating and applying the use of literary devices, for example, direct and indirect historical and cultural references; features of intertextuality such as classical allusions (歇后语)
  • analysing the layout of magazines and online texts to identify how images, fonts and words have been chosen to enhance understanding of key ideas and author positioning
  • examining the language of newspapers, identifying commonly encountered linguistic terms and considering the concise ways in which world events are reported in Chinese media

  VCZHU221 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCDTCD043

  Develop and modify programs with user interfaces involving branching, iteration and functions using a general-purpose programming language

  Elaborations

  • developing and modifying digital solutions by implementing instructions contained in algorithms using a programming language
  • developing a digital game that manipulates models of real-world objects
  • programming a robot to recognise particular objects and to treat them differently, for example to choose objects based on colour
  • creating digital solutions that provide user navigation and prompts with controlled repetitions, for example an information kiosk that has layers of buttons and prompts the user three times before returning to the beginning

  VCDTCD043 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 7 and 8 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTCD009

  Follow, and with assistance, represent a sequence of steps and decisions (algorithms) needed to solve simple problems

  Elaborations

  • re-sequencing a known everyday activity using visual images or verbal cues
  • experimenting with very simple, visual step-by-step procedures to explore using a device or completing a task, for example printing a picture or starting a game
  • identifying sequences of instructions or events that are commonly experienced such as the sequence of traffic lights or instructions for making a sandwich
  • following two to three-step series of instructions to use a piece of hardware or software, for example locating a website by keying in its URL or inserting an image in a file

  VCDTCD009 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Level C | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCEALL337

  Use simple descriptive phrases

  Elaborations

  • using a range of adverbial phrases to express circumstances of place (‘over there’), location (‘in the room’) and time (‘last week’)
  • using a range of regular comparative adjectives (‘bigger’, ‘older’, ‘healthier’), some irregular comparatives (‘better’, ‘more’) and comparatives with three or more syllables (‘more expensive’, ‘more beautiful’), with occasional errors
  • forming some negative comparisons using a range of forms with developing accuracy, for example ‘not as big as’, ‘less expensive’, ‘less healthy’

  VCEALL337 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCHPEP030

  Identify major body parts and stages of life

  Elaborations

  • exploring major body parts through supported experiences and learning to label major body parts
  • learning about and identifying some private parts of the body from a field of three (RS, S)
  • exploring and identifying major stages of life through exploration of own family and significant people
  • learning about their current stage of life and how they are growing and changing

  VCHPEP030 | Health and Physical Education | Level C | Personal, Social and Community Health | Being healthy, safe and active

• VCMMG030

  Identify when two shapes or objects are the same sort or not

  Elaborations

  • using ‘posting’ of items into different containers or holes to manipulate and sort shapes and objects
  • recognising three dimensional objects when identified in the environment using everyday situations
  • matching everyday objects that are ‘the same’
  • exploring shapes by using ‘play dough’ and other malleable materials to make shapes
  • developing an awareness of the language used to describe shapes

  VCMMG030 | Mathematics | Level B | Measurement and Geometry | Shape

• VC2M6N06

  multiply and divide decimals by multiples of powers of 10 without a calculator, applying knowledge of place value and proficiency with multiplication facts, using estimation and rounding to check the reasonableness of answers

  Elaborations

  • applying place value knowledge, including that the value of the digit is 10 times smaller each time a place is moved to the right, and known multiplication facts, to multiply and divide a decimal by powers of 10
  • applying and explaining estimation strategies in multiplicative situations involving a decimal greater than one that is multiplied by a two- or three-digit number, using a multiple of 10 or 100 when the situation requires just an estimation
  • explaining the effect of multiplying or dividing a decimal by 10, 100, 1000 … in terms of place value and not the decimal point shifting

  VC2M6N06 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 6 | Number

• VCMNA136

  Model and represent unit fractions including 1/2, 1/4, 1/3, 1/5 and their multiples to a complete whole

  Elaborations

  • partitioning areas, lengths and collections to create halves, thirds, quarters and fifths, such as folding the same sized sheets of paper to illustrate different unit fractions and comparing the number of parts with their sizes
  • locating unit fractions on a number line
  • recognising that in English the term ‘one third’ is used (order: numerator, denominator) but in other languages, such as Japanese for example, this concept may be expressed as ‘three parts, one of them’ (order: denominator, numerator)

  VCMNA136 | Mathematics | Level 3 | Number and Algebra | Fractions and decimals

• VCPSCSE026

  Reflect on how personal strengths have assisted in achieving success at home, at school or in the community

  Elaborations

  • identifying personal strengths in others, such as courage, sense of humour and determination and explaining how these could contribute to achieving success
  • describing what being successful at school looks and feels like and what personal strengths would assist
  • listing personal strengths that would make you successful at home, school and in the community and discussing the strengths that are common in all three settings

  VCPSCSE026 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 5 and 6 | Self-Awareness and Management | Development of resilience

• VCLVC177

  Investigate and summarise factual information obtained from a range of sources on a variety of topics and issues related to the Country/Place

  Elaborations

  • investigating the origins of Aboriginal names in their local area, regional area and state and territory, recording meanings where known, and identifying different source languages
  • interviewing an respected community member to gain an historical perspective about their use of particular words and language constructions, observing correct respect protocols and presenting findings in formats such as digital presentations, posters, wall charts or oral summaries
  • researching and creating a profile of a prominent member of the language community, for example, an artist, sportsperson or leader
  • developing a photographic record/portfolio of different animal and plant species found in Country/Place, with commentary/annotations
  • seeking information from respected community members to assist in classifying living things according to culturally appropriate categories, comparing these classification systems with those used in western approaches to the study of living systems
  • identifying and describing the role of various Aboriginal organisations that provide services to their community
  • researching different aspects of a selected Indigenous business operating in the community, for example, an enterprise associated with arts, bush medicine, bush food, tourism, transportation or animal husbandry, and presenting findings in digital formats or oral presentation mode
  • analysing a range of historical documents recorded in the language, classifying content according to categories such as date, text genre (wordlist, letter), topic (Indigenous knowledge, environment, traditions, fishing/navigation, rules), purpose of the text and intention of the writer (to inform, prescribe, describe, assert authority); and presenting findings in chart or table form or by giving a presentation
  • interviewing local community members about their experiences of living on the land, their relationship with language and culture and their recollections from the past, recording and presenting key findings
  • researching Aboriginal words used in English, using resources such as the Australian National Dictionary, and identifying and explaining words that come from the local language

  VCLVC177 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Communicating | Informing