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• VCHHK095

  The stories and perspectives of people who migrated to Australia, including from one Asian country, and the reasons they migrated

  Elaborations

  • investigate migration programs to Australian since World War II
  • comparing push and pull factors that have contributed to people migrating to Australia, for example, economic migrants and political refugees
  • exploring individual narratives using primary sources, for example, letters, documents and historical objects, interviewing and recording an oral history, dramatising the journey and circumstances of arrival based on the sources
  • describing cultural practices related to family life, beliefs and customs of newly-arrived migrant groups and comparing these with those of the communities in which they settled within Australia
  • connecting stories of migration to students’ own family histories (where appropriate)

  VCHHK095 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Knowledge | Australia as a nation

• VCICCB014

  Examine how various cultural groups are represented, by whom they are represented, and comment on the purpose and effect of these representations

  Elaborations

  • using journal entries to collate, identify and critically explore generalisations and stereotypes from media sources, including television, radio and social media
  • examining the concepts of generalisations and stereotypes through a range of different representations of cultural groups, for example, positive and negative representations of Australians or by examining Australian tourism campaigns across different decades
  • analysing media coverage of a current issue and exploring the way different groups are represented
  • removing, rewriting, replacing or changing the racial identifiers in a short newspaper article, letter to the editor or political cartoon, and reflecting on ways that representations of stereotypes can be challenged

  VCICCB014 | Capabilities | Intercultural Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Cultural Practices

• VCKOU187

  Explore how language use varies according to context, purpose and audience and to the mode of delivery and the relationship between participants

  Elaborations

  • identifying linguistic/textual features used in different types of text, for example, different degrees of formality and flexibility expressed in conversations, speeches, letters, emails and electronic text messages
  • recognising how language use, such as the level of politeness, reflects the intention of the speaker or author and impacts on the further development of relationships, for example, switching from a polite style to an intimate style (저를 좋아해요?; 나 좋아해?)
  • comparing language structures in Korean and English and how these are used to create affinity or distance, for example, the use of 반말 or colloquial language
  • comparing elements of communication such as body language, the use of personal space and silence in different cultural contexts and exchanges

  VCKOU187 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCLAE019

  Read aloud, recite or perform Latin texts to entertain others, using strategies such as phrasing, voice inflection and metrical effects to convey meaning and emotion

  Elaborations

  • reading aloud, as Romans were accustomed to do, extracts from different genres of Latin literature, such as oratory, history, drama or poetry, with appropriate expression, phrasing, stress, rhythm and tone to convey meaning, for example, selections from the epigrams of Martial, or the letters of Pliny
  • reciting or presenting extracts from Latin texts to the class or school community, using expression and movement to illustrate meaning and to entertain, for example, part of one of Cicero’s speeches or excerpts from Virgil’s Aeneid
  • performing in theatrical presentations of Latin poetry or plays, such as the poetry of Ovid or Virgil, extracts from the plays of Plautus

  VCLAE019 | Languages | Latin | Levels 9 and 10 | Engaging with texts | Responding to texts

• VCNRC069

  Initiate, sustain and extend interactions by exchanging experiences, seeking and giving advice, and discussing aspirations and relationships

  Elaborations

  • sustaining interactions with others by acknowledging, asking for repetition or clarification or questioning further
  • interviewing peers to extract information on and evaluate views about aspects of life such as school, future aspirations and relationships, and discussing as a class the major themes and concerns that emerge
  • sharing opinions with peers about events and interests, and incorporating language to express emotions and responses such as approval, gratitude, regret and appreciation
  • exchanging information with peers in countries where the language is spoken, such as through letters, emails or online discussions, about aspects of school, youth lifestyle and social issues, using comparisons when expressing thoughts and ideas

  VCNRC069 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCNRU065

  Examine the structure and linguistic choices of a range of personal, informative and imaginative texts, such as diary entries, news reports, cartoons and stories, and consider how these choices were influenced by audience and purpose

  Elaborations

  • describing the main features of familiar text types for example, cartoon, story/storyboard, news report, and identifying features such as sequencing
  • observing that texts are constructed for a variety of purposes, such as to request, instruct, invite or describe the features of a particular text, for example, an invitation to a party or a greeting card
  • identifying the structure and organisation of a range of text types, for example, comparing emails and letters, written notes, text messages and print and digital versions of a journal/diary entry
  • identifying and comparing features of language use in different text types, such as formality/informality, headings, and lexical and grammatical choices that distinguish textual purpose and audience

  VCNRU065 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU141

  Recognise similarities and differences in the structure of spoken and written texts that have the same purpose

  Elaborations

  • recognising features of various genres, including narratives and explanatory texts, identifying which genres are most suitable for different purposes, for example, 记叙文记叙一个事情，比如说《我最喜欢的假期》
  • identifying differences and similarities in language choices and text structure across spoken and written texts, for example, comparing an announcement with a public notice
  • comparing and differentiating forms of texts based on purpose and audience, for example, asking: What’s the difference between a letter and an email? What might be the reasons for such differences?
  • applying cohesive devices in producing imaginative texts, correspondence and informative texts, for example, beginning a story with 很久很久以前

  VCZHU141 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU173

  Identify structure and organisation of different texts, including expositions, procedural texts and recounts, and use these in their own speech and writing

  Elaborations

  • analysing and explaining the organisation and development of ideas or an argument in a range of genres, including textual features such as paragraphing
  • comparing the ways in which similar ideas and concepts are presented in different genres, discussing the impact of genre choice on text structure and language use (for example, in imaginative and evaluative texts), and determining how language choices achieve the desired effect
  • exploring the traditional structure of persuasive texts in Chinese, such as 总起-分述-总结, and discussing its effectiveness
  • reading samples of formal texts, such as news articles, official letters and informative reports, and identifying how the language use compares to their own everyday speech

  VCZHU173 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCIDU030

  Develop understanding of ways to express possession and describe qualities of people and objects, and expand vocabulary related to personal and social world

  Elaborations

  • describing people and animals using pronouns, gender and adjectives of character, for example, dia, mereka, teman, kakak laki-laki, adik perempuan, kakek, nenek; kaki, tangan, mata; kucing, marmot, burung; gemuk, kurus, tinggi, senang, sedih, marah; and describing weather using adjectives such as panas, dingin, hujan, mendung, cerah
  • describing places (for example, kolam renang, taman, toko, pantai, sekolah, rumah, desa, gereja, pura, mesjid) and movement using prepositions (for example, dari, ke, dengan, pada) and adjectives, for example, kiri, kanan
  • describing objects using concrete nouns related to home, school and local environment, for example, forms of transport (sepeda, mobil, bis, kereta api, becak, delman, dokar, bendi) and items such as foods (semangka, kelapa)
  • describing quantity using cardinal numbers (puluh, ratus) and ordinal numbers using ke- prefix, and making plurals by duplicating, for example, buku-buku
  • describing actions using simple base verbs (for example, tinggal, bangun, mandi, naik) and ber- verbs, for example, bermain, berjalan, bersepeda, berenang
  • recognising imperatives, for example, Angkat tangan, Buka bukumu, Ayo cepat!
  • seeking information using questions, for example, kapan, dari mana, ke mana?
  • linking ideas using conjunctions, for example, karena, tetapi
  • locating events in time (for example, hari ini, kemarin, besok, sudah, belum) and using days of the week and months, for example, Pada hari…
  • understanding the rules for subject-verb-object sentence construction (for example, Saya tinggi, Saya bermain…, Saya makan…) and possessive word order, for example, Adik laki-laki saya…, Tas teman Herman…
  • giving praise, gratitude and encouragement, for example, coba, Bagus sekali!, terima kasih banyak
  • recognising that the same rules of punctuation apply as in English, for example, using capital letters and full stops for sentences

  VCIDU030 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCEALA013

  Use some features of home language

  Elaborations

  • using phonological features from home language, for example pronouncing new English words using similar sounds from home language
  • responding in home language and/or English when asked a question
  • making connections between new English words and home language words containing similar sounds

  VCEALA013 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALL774

  Demonstrate a broad technical vocabulary across the curriculum areas

  Elaborations

  • reading, with understanding, texts containing new vocabulary, some subject-specific vocabulary and figurative language
  • responding to the use of vocabulary in a text, for example by describing emotions elicited by particular words or phrases
  • creating graphic organisers, for example word clines or word maps, to illustrate the relationships between synonyms and antonyms

  VCEALL774 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCCCTM007

  Consider ways to express and describe thinking activity, including the expression of feelings about learning, both to others and self

  Elaborations

  • identifying words to describe learning experiences, for example ‘learning looks like/sounds like/feels like’
  • drawing and displaying pictures or symbols to represent the meaning of words associated with thinking activities such as ‘watching, wondering, finding, trying’

  VCCCTM007 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Meta-Cognition

• VCEALA171

  Distinguish spoken English from other languages and attempt to respond using basic English

  Elaborations

  • recognising the sounds and words of English when being spoken to
  • using familiar words and formulaic phrases to answer direct questions
  • assessing which language(s) the speaker knows, and responding using shared repertoire

  VCEALA171 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level BL | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA250

  Distinguish spoken English from other languages and respond in English

  Elaborations

  • recognising the sounds and words of English in interactions
  • using common words and formulaic phrases to answer questions and express meanings
  • drawing on shared linguistic resources to clarify and negotiate meaning using English and other available languages

  VCEALA250 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA490

  Distinguish spoken English from other languages and attempt to respond in English

  Elaborations

  • recognising the sounds and words of English when being spoken to
  • using familiar words and formulaic phrases to answer direct questions
  • assessing which language(s) the speaker knows, and responding using shared repertoire

  VCEALA490 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level CL | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALC346

  Identify the main idea in short texts using guide questions

  Elaborations

  • identifying key words in questions and finding them in the text
  • identifying key words from headings or topic sentences in order to extract key information from a factual text

  VCEALC346 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Reading and Viewing | Communication

• VCEALC698

  Skim a text for general meaning and scan to find detailed information

  Elaborations

  • skimming a text by identifying key words in the title, headings and topic sentences to determine the purpose and main idea of the text
  • scanning a text to extract details such as names, numbers, specific words, answers to questions

  VCEALC698 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Reading and Viewing | Communication

• VCEALC086

  Predict meaning from context in simple interactions or spoken texts

  Elaborations

  • predicting the meaning of an unknown word in a conversation based on understanding of the topic and other words
  • inferring the meaning of classroom instructions based on the actions of peers
  • referring to images or other information to understand the meaning of a spoken text

  VCEALC086 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC184

  Read simple, familiar texts with assistance

  Elaborations

  • reading classroom signs, labels, words from classroom charts
  • reading aloud one sentence at a time from own writing
  • tracking words with a finger while listening to a simple text read aloud

  VCEALC184 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level BL | Reading and Viewing | Communication

• VCEALL646

  Identify some basic language features of texts

  Elaborations

  • identifying types of words in a text, for example rhyming words in a poem, causal connectives in an explanation
  • distinguishing between verb tenses used in different text types, such as the imperative in procedures and the past tense in recounts

  VCEALL646 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features