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• VCHIU067

  Apply grammatical and lexical knowledge to work out the meaning of unfamiliar words, to form and spell new ones, to create compound sentences, to recognise and use prefixes and suffixes and to develop metalanguage

  Elaborations

  • strengthening vocabulary resources related to personal, social and educational worlds
  • applying phonic and grammatical knowledge to the spelling and writing of unfamiliar words such as वाक्यविन्यास
  • creating compound and complex sentences by using conjunctions such as मैं अभी लिखूँगा ताकि समय पूरा होने से पहले लेख खत्म कर लूँ।
  • recognising the function and form of commonly used suffixes and prefixes, for example, by collecting groups of words that share a base word, such as बुद्धि, सुबुद्धि, बुद्धिमान, बुद्धिमती
  • recognising and using idiomatic expressions such as आँख का तारा
  • using numbers in fraction, multiple and collective forms, such as आधा, चौथाई, एक तिहाई, सैंकड़ों, हज़ारों, तीन गुणा
  • continuing to build metalanguage to describe grammatical concepts and to organise learning resources such as verb charts, vocabulary lists, groups of pronouns, adverbs and adjectives
  • understanding and using basic joining (सन्धि) rules such as इ+आ = ए to achieve text cohesion
  • understanding the use of the active and passive voice according to context, for example, मैंने आपको बुलाया है। आपको बुलाया गया है।
  • using a range of tenses to describe routines and actions, for example, मैं दिल्ली जा रहा हूँ। मैं दिल्ली गया था। मैं दिल्ली जाऊँगा।
  • using adjectives in comparative structures such as राम थोड़ा लम्बा है। राधा हेमा से अधिक चतुर है।

  VCHIU067 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCITU110

  Understand the features of common spoken, written and multimodal texts

  Elaborations

  • understanding and using cohesive devices such as conjunctions (for example, e, ma, perché, anche, o, invece) to help sequence ideas and to link ideas and actions
  • listening to or reading simple Italian texts and recognising the conventions of particular text types, for example, postcard, letter, email, card, blog and conversations (face to face and phone)
  • analysing simple spoken, written and digital texts to identify different kinds of language use (such as personal, descriptive or informative) and ways to achieve textual cohesion, for example, use of fillers in spoken texts (insomma, beh, boh, allora)
  • talking about language features and word order using relevant metalanguage such as ‘verbs’, ‘adjectives’, ‘nouns’ and ‘pronouns’ (for example, know if this non/adjective singolare o plurale? Perché?), and comparing grammatical features in Italian and English

  VCITU110 | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCJAU015

  Identify textual conventions of familiar spoken, written and multimodal types of texts

  Elaborations

  • recognising structures and key features of familiar types of texts such as めいし、 emails, conversations, speeches, advertisements, stories and songs, identifying formulaic expressions and comparing with similar texts in English, for example, by comparing ways of answering the phone or starting and ending a letter
  • identifying how certain types of texts are typically constructed, for example, the use of particular layouts, visual images and grammatical features in advertisements, manga or brochures
  • understanding that the format of Japanese texts can include either たてがき or よこがき、 according to the context, purpose and intended audience
  • understanding how to create textual cohesion, using elements such as paragraphing or conjunctions to sequence and link ideas and to maintain the flow of expression, for example, そして、それから、 でも
  • understanding conventions associated with using げんこうようし、 for example, the size of small characters, the position in the square and the placing of punctuation

  VCJAU015 | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCJAU195

  Identify, analyse and compare textual features and conventions that characterise social and informative media in Japanese and English

  Elaborations

  • identifying the use of cohesive devices such as conjunctions to sequence and link ideas and actions in both Japanese and English media texts, for example, verb て form, だから、それに、それで
  • identifying features of familiar types of texts such as emails, songs, slogans or public signs, and noticing how the choice of language and structure works to achieve each text’s purpose
  • comparing language features of Japanese and English versions of texts such as weather reports or text messages, including the use of abbreviations and emoticons, and noting differences that might be culturally significant
  • recognising textual conventions employed within a letter, email or article, identifying elements such as introductions, sequencing of ideas and the use of また to link paragraphs
  • comparing features of spoken and written versions of texts, for example, spoken and print advertisements, face-to-face conversations and emails, to understand how text mode shapes structure and helps a text achieve its purpose

  VCJAU195 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCJAU033

  Use a range of textual conventions in spoken, written and multimodal texts, and understand how different scripts are used to convey meaning or effects

  Elaborations

  • applying their understanding of the function of cohesive devices such as conjunctions to sequence and link ideas and actions, for example, verb て form, だから、 しかし、 それに、 けれども
  • applying understanding of the textual features of different text types to construct simple narratives, messages, slogans or song lyrics, noticing how the choice of language and text structure works to achieve each text’s purpose
  • comparing language features of Japanese and English versions of familiar texts such as weather reports, phone conversations or text messages, for example, the use of abbreviations and emoticons, noting differences that appear to be culturally significant
  • using appropriate textual conventions to shape simple texts such as letters or menus, for example, introductions, linked paragraphs, summaries and sequencing strategies
  • analysing the function of different scripts in different types of texts, identifying examples of kanji used for nouns and verbs, katakana for borrowed words and hiragana for grammatical purposes

  VCJAU033 | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCKOU205

  Analyse and compose different types of texts in spoken and written modes for different purposes such as information exchange, social and cultural interaction or sharing imaginative experiences, using appropriate linguistic, textual and cultural elements

  Elaborations

  • identifying register used in Korean texts, for example in recipes, such as the formal polite style used for statements (–ㅂ/습니다) and commands (–(으)십시오) or vocabulary used to determine audience, purposes and context
  • examining cohesive devices used in Korean texts such as consistency in speech levels and honorific elements, conjunctors (–지만, –(으)니까, –어/아서, …), conjunctive adverbs (그러니까, 하지만, 그러므로, ...) and ellipsis, and their appropriateness for Korean discourse
  • creating own texts in Korean including those in digital or online forms for particular audiences and purposes in particular contexts, for example, to introduce Korean food culture to parents invited to the Korean evening, using a range of appropriate discourse devices for coherence and cohesion including appropriate vocabulary
  • comparing and contrasting the structures of a variety of authentic texts in Korean and English, exploring how the audience, purpose and context are considered differently in each language

  VCKOU205 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCKOU015

  Recognise textual structures and features characteristic of familiar personal, informative and imaginative texts, noticing how they contribute to the making of particular meaning

  Elaborations

  • identifying the purpose, intended audience and key language features of short texts such as road signs or instructions, for example, 천천히; 미세요/당기세요
  • identifying text-type conventions from familiar types of text such as letters, emails,or greeting/invitation cards, and comparing them with English, for example, salutations, the order of elements in an address, and format of the date, for example, …에게, …로부터, 4월 3일 금요일
  • understanding how to create textual cohesion, using elements such as conjunctions to sequence and link ideas and maintain the flow of expression, for example, 그리고, 그러나, and making politeness levels consistent in a text through the use of the informal polite ending –어/아요 across sentences
  • listening, viewing and reading for gist, context and purpose, drawing on knowledge of types of text, context and language features to predict and confirm meaning, for example, the use of imperative verb forms (–(으)세요) and specialised vocabulary in an in-flight safety demonstration (안전띠, 구명 조끼, 비상구, 산소마스크, …)

  VCKOU015 | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCTRU065

  Understand the influence of purpose, audience and context on the structure and organisation of texts, and apply this understanding to interpret unfamiliar texts

  Elaborations

  • applying their understanding of key features of familiar types of texts to understand unfamiliar content, for example, in public announcements, commercials, print advertisements or itineraries
  • creating and comparing their own examples of particular text types, such as horoscopes, prayers or weather forecasts, explaining their choice of particular language and text organisation
  • recognising the format of different Turkish texts and stylistic conventions, such as resmi ve kişisel mektupta hitap, selamlama, adres ve imza, konuşmada hitap, identifying how these vary according to context, purpose and intended audience, and applying the conventions in their own spoken and written texts
  • demonstrating how texts achieve cohesion, for example, by using elements such as paragraphing or conjunctions to sequence and link ideas and to maintain the flow of expression, for example, konu cümlesi, giriş, gelişme ve sonuç paragrafları, ‘Öncelikle, Sonuç olarak, Bu yüzden’ gibi bağlaçlar
  • analysing unfamiliar texts to establish register, for example, by identifying words and expressions that suggest degrees of formality, audience and context, such as, siz/sen, sayın, saygıdeğer, müstakbel, beyefendi/hanımefendi, the use of first person diminutives, c(i)ğ(i)m (anneciğim) with bey (bey amcacığım or hanım teyzeciğim) and with canım (canım teyzeciğim), kuzucuklarım and canım kuzucuklarım

  VCTRU065 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU060

  Identify and apply features of Chinese grammar and sentence structure to organise and sequence ideas in oral and written texts

  Elaborations

  • comparing ways in which tense is expressed in Chinese, for example, 了 to indicate completion; 完 to indicate the achievement of a desired result; 想 to indicate intention; verb negation (没有) to indicate incomplete past; and 正在 to indicate action in progress
  • exploring the use of diverse time expressions and ways to sequence events in time, for example, 先…然后; 一…就…; …了，就…;才; 第一；然后
  • comparing the functions of prepositions, and discussing the importance of context when determining their meaning in texts, for example, 跟；对；给
  • exploring and applying the use of conjunctions to sequence and connect ideas when constructing texts, for example, 不但…而且…；虽然…但是…
  • using different ways to negate ideas depending on degree of formality or emphasis, for example, 我不是…；我哪儿有…？；我没有办法…；我不能…；不行; 别 ; 不准

  VCZHU060 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU108

  Analyse functions of grammatical rules and use language appropriate to different forms of oral and written communication

  Elaborations

  • comparing ways in which tense is expressed, for example, 了 to indicate completion; 完 to indicate the achievement of a desired result; 想 to indicate intention; the use of verb negation 没有 to indicate negative past; 正在 to indicate action in progress
  • exploring the uses of diverse time expressions and ways to sequence events in time, for example, 先…然后…; 一…就…;了…就…;才; 第一；然后
  • comparing the functions of prepositions and discussing the importance of context when determining their meanings in texts, for example, 跟；对；给
  • developing ideas using nuanced structures, for example, using different ways to negate depending on degree of formality or emphasis (我不是…；我哪儿有…？；我没有办法…；我不能…；不行; 别 ; 不准)
  • exploring and applying ways of sequencing and connecting ideas through the use of conjunctions, for example, 不但…而且…；虽然…但是…

  VCZHU108 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCARU166

  Understand and use grammatical forms and structures, such as adjective–noun agreement, adverbial phrases (time, place and manner), and irregular plural, imperative and auxiliary verbs, to expand on spoken and written ideas

  Elaborations

  • using سوف in addition to the present tense to express future plans, for example,

    سوف أدخل إلى الجامعة بعد الثانوية العامة؛ سوف أشتري سيّارة بعد الإمتحانات

  • understanding and describing current, recurring and future actions, using auxiliary verbs, for example,

    ما زال أبي يعمل في المطار؛ ما زالت أختي تدرس الطّب

  • using the conditional mood as a formulaic expression, for example,

    لو نجحت في الأمتحان هذا العام فسوف يشتري لي أبي لعبة إلكترونية جديدة

  • understanding and using the conjunction (بينما) to compare people or actions, and enhance expression, for example,

    رياضة السّباحة ممتعة ومفيدة خاصة هنا في أستراليا؛ بينما لعبة كرة القدم شعبيّة أكثر

  • referring to a date of an event, such as a birthdate, and noticing that names of months vary in different regions of the Arabic-speaking world, for example,

    الخامس من إبريل 1999؛ العاشر من نيسان۲۰۰۱

  • using ordinal numbers to sequence ideas in oral interactions and written texts, for example,

    أوّلاً؛ ثانياً؛ ثالثاً؛ أخيراً

  • using interrogative words and expressions, such as لمَ؛ هل , to ask questions and make requests, for example,

    لمَ تأخّرت اليوم وأنت عندك إمتحان؟ هل فهمت ما قلت لك؟ رجاءً؛ أحضر البحث غداً لأنك لم تقدمه أمس؛ من فضلك هل تستطيع أن تقول لي كيف أذهب إلى البنك؟

  • expanding their knowledge of noun–adjective agreement through understanding and applying the irregular plural form, for example,

    بيت/بيوت كبيرة؛ كرسي/كراسي جديدة؛ كتاب/كتب قيمة؛ يوم/أيام جميلة؛ تلميذ/تلاميذ مجتهدون؛ معلمون ملتزمون

  • using specific structures relating to expressions of praise, encouragement and persuasion, for example,

    ممتاز! أحسنت! عمل رائع؛ ؛ هيّا واصل عملك أنت شخص ذكيّ؛ أكمل الصورة وقدمها للعرض؛ لا تتكاسل واصل الركض؛ إعرض كتاباتك على الصحيفة المحلية؛ أنت كاتب بارع

  • using expressions such as أكبر من؛ الأكبر to indicate preference and compare, for example,

    هذا الملعب أكبر من الملعب القديم؛ إن مدرستنا فيها أدوات حديثة أكثر من المدارس الأخرى؛ بيتنا هو الأجدّ في المنطقة؛ سيارة أبي أقدم سيارة رأيتها في حياتي

  • expressing opinions and feelings using expressions such as

    أشعر بالسّعادة عندما أسافر إلى المناطق الرّيفيّة في أستراليا؛ أعتقد أن أستراليا أجمل دولة في العالم

  • using conjunctions such as بالرّغم من ؛ to show differences and contrasts in ideas, for example,

    بالرّغم من أن الشمس ساطعة إلّا أنّ الطقس بارد؛ بالرّغم من نجاحي في الإمتحان لم يشترِ لي أبي اللّعبة الإلكترونيّة

  VCARU166 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCASFU176

  Develop understanding of the important role of non-manual features in adverbs and joining clauses, and know that spatial relationships in Auslan are typically expressed with depicting signs

  Elaborations

  • recognising that quantifiers such as FEW or THREE are also types of adjective signs
  • noticing that sometimes Auslan signers have information about how a verb happens through NMFs not separate signs (for example, WRITE-_carelessly)
  • recognising that some adverbs modify adjectives, not verbs, for example VERY, and that these modifications to adjectives can also be expressed with NMFs, for example changes in mouth patterns and movement of signs can intensify adjectives, for example, RED-_really, PLEASE-_really, TALL-_really
  • distinguishing between the citation form of a sign and the adverbial NMF overlaid and what meaning each part carries, for example: MAN SPRINT (base form), MAN SPRINT_-fast (manner added)
  • recognising how conjunctions such as plus, if or but are used to join clauses and create cohesion
  • recognising that signers can give information about how a verb happens over time by changing the movement, for example, signing WATCH versus WATCH-_{for-a-long-time}, or with lexical signs such as WATCH AGAIN++
  • recognising that typically signers use DSs to show spatial relationships, not separate signs such as ON or UNDER
  • recognising that some nouns are not signed overtly in a clause, for example in the clauses below, the noun (the swimmer) is given in the first clause but not repeated in the second
    PRO2 SWIM DETERMINED SWIM, NOT WIN
    You swam really hard but you didn’t win.
    
  • noticing that clauses are elaborated and made more vivid by adding adjectives and adverbs and by enacting or using DSs, and that they can be joined by conjunctions to make longer sentences
  • noticing that parts of a sentence can be signed simultaneously in Auslan, making it hard to establish word order
  • recognising that the element of a sentence that a signer wants most focus on is sometimes signed first and that this process of topicalisation involves particular NMFs

  VCASFU176 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCTRU081

  Analyse how grammatical elements, such as rules of agglutination and cohesive devices, impact on more complex elements of text construction and word formation, such as mood, register and tense variation

  Elaborations

  • analysing functions of affixation through the identification of adverbial, adjectival and noun phrases in Turkish idioms and proverbs
  • using compounds in different cases, for example, cep telefonları, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’ni, Ağrı Dağı’na, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun
  • learning about nominalisation to form complex words such as iş deneyimleri in a range of sentence structures
  • identifying how adverbs/determiners are used for describing people, places and objects in texts, for example, Çamaşırlar kar gibi beyaz oldu, turp gibi bir çocuk, Çocuk gibi ağladı, Buz gibi su içtim, İnci gibi dişleri var, saray gibi bir ev, pamuk gibi bulutlar
  • analysing how some adverbs derived from verbs and adverbial phrases can modify time and manner of action, for example, the adverb /-arak indicates whether the action expressed by another verb is taking place at the same time or before the action it denotes, for example, Koşarak geldi, gülerek gitti; adding the suffix –ce/-ca to the adjective as in dikkatlice and hızlıca
  • distinguishing the two different uses of de/-de as a suffix and as a conjunction, noting the impact on meaning if they are used inaccurately, for example, Araba da ev de İstanbul’da kaldı and Arabada ve evde sigara içmek yasaktır have totally different meanings
  • explaining different uses of the suffix -ki as a relative pronoun in relative clauses, such as Yunus’unkinden, benimki; as a locative suffix, yanımdaki and evdeki, for idiomatic use as in halbuki, mademki, oysaki; and as a conjunction meaning ‘who’, ‘which’ and ‘that’ as in görüyorum ki, biliyorum ki, tabii ki
  • analysing the use of optative endings -(y)eyim, -(y)elim, -(y)in and -sin in first person, for example, alayım, alalım, alın and alsın in different tenses and in sentences to express a request
  • distinguishing between the use of the simple past perfect -di, as in, geldi, gitti and the evidential past perfect tense -miş, as in gelmiş and gitmiş and uyuyormuş
  • comparing the use of the progressive form -(i)yor and the simple present -(i)r and past tense -d(i) of verbs that describe actions
  • understanding when to use formal and informal registers ın dıfferent contexts
  • using a range of complex and complex-compound sentences in different tenses, for example, Ali eşyalarını toplayıp, odasını temizledikten sonra yola çıktı, Ali yola çıkmadan önce eşalarını topladı ve odasını temizledi
  • analysing how a range of noun, verb and adjective endings, such as -daş, -lik and –cı,-li can be used to form new words, for example, tarayıcı, yoldaş, demlik, kirli

  VCTRU081 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCASFU122

  Understand and control additional elements of Auslan grammar, such as the use of non-manual features for topicalisation, negation or question forms, and develop awareness of how signers use constructed action and depicting signs

  Elaborations

  • noticing that sometimes Auslan signers have information about how a verb happens through NMFs not separate signs (for example WRITE-_carelessly)
  • distinguishing between the citation form of a sign and the adverbial NMF overlaid and what meaning each part carries, for example: MAN-SPRINT (base form), MAN SPRINT_-fast (manner added)
  • understanding that, in terms of meaning, a basic clause represents: a happening or a state (verb), who or what is involved (noun or nouns) and the surrounding circumstances (adverb or adverbs)
  • noticing that clauses can be made more vivid by integrating CA or DSs to show with body or hands or by showing adverbial or adjectival meanings
  • recognising how conjunctions such as PLUS, IF or BUT are used to join clauses and create cohesion
  • recognising that the element of a clause that a signer wants to focus on most in Auslan is sometimes moved to be signed first and that this process of topicalisation involves particular NMFs
  • recognising that signers may include both linguistic and gestural elements in a clause, that is, signers can tell, show or do both in a composite utterance
  • realising that in many clauses signers ‘tell’ with lexical signs at the same time as ‘show’ with DS, CA and other gestural elements

  VCASFU122 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELU183

  Understand and apply grammatical structures, such as passive and active voice, negation, word order and time clauses, recognising that they serve particular functions and that grammatical choices shape meaning

  Elaborations

  • choosing appropriate terms to describe events across time (present, past and future) and choosing appropriate tense, for example, Φέτος θα πάω διακοπές στην Κύπρο, Πέρσι γύρισα όλη την Έλλαδα
  • recognising the order of pronouns to emphasise who is carrying out an action or to refer to a person or thing, and applying agreement in gender and number to identify subject and object, for example, Κανείς δεν είναι τέλειος, Μου αρέσουν αυτοί που λένε την αλήθεια
  • using a range of adverbs and adjectives to modify and intensify meaning of verbs and adjectives, for example, ακριβώς, αρκετά, πολύ, λίγο, πολλή
  • using cohesive devices such as conjunctions to link, clarify and sequence ideas and modify meaning in written and spoken texts, for example, Αφού δεν είχα αρκετά λεφτά, γύρισα σπίτι μου, γιατί, επειδή, αλλά, και, τότε
  • responding to and using imperative mood, for example, ελάτε, γράψε
  • using a range of nouns and adjectives and possessive forms, for example, μου/μας/σου/του/της/τους, δικό τους, δικά μας
  • seeking information using a range of questions, for example, Tι; Mήπως ξέρεις; Πώς; Πού; Γιατί; Πότε;
  • continuing to build a metalanguage to describe grammatical concepts and develop learning resources, for example, verb charts, vocabulary lists, groups of pronouns, adverbs or adjectives

  VCELU183 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELU115

  Understand elements of grammar such as word order, verb forms and personal pronouns related to questions, commands and short sentences, and develop vocabulary to describe self, friends and family

  Elaborations

  • recognising the order of words in phrases and sentences, for example, η μαμά μου, Δεν κάνει κρύο, Nα η θεία μου
  • observing that the accent mark indicates emphasis, for example, το βιβλίο, η γάτα, ο σκύλος
  • recognising that all nouns, in particular names in Greek, have an article and gender, for example, η Άννα, το σκυλί, ο μπαμπάς
  • understanding that adjectives have gender, for example, κόκκινος, κόκκινη, κόκκινο, μεγάλος, μεγάλη, μεγάλο, καλός, καλή, καλό
  • using adverbs to show where, for example, έξω, μέσα, εδώ, εκεί, πάνω, κάτω, γύρω
  • using simple adjectives and adverbs to enhance sentences, for example, Κάνει λίγο κρύο, Σ’ αγαπώ πολύ μαμά! Το σπίτι είναι πολύ μεγάλο
  • using verbs in the first person to describe aspects of self, for example, Είμαι αγόρι, είμαι έξι, έχω γάτα
  • recognising terms for common everyday nouns, for example, η πόρτα, η καρέκλα, το σπίτι, ο μπαμπάς
  • responding to and issuing commands, for example, έλα εδώ, κάτσε κάτω
  • responding to questions which include verbs in the second person, singular or plural, such as Πόσω(ν) χρονών είσαι; Τι κάνετε;
  • developing number knowledge for numbers up to 29 and using them in sentences such as Είμαι έξι
  • beginning to use conjunctions such as και

  VCELU115 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCESC127

  Interact with teacher and peers to exchange information about aspects of their personal world such as school, home, everyday routines and favourite pastimes

  Elaborations

  • asking questions and giving information about school and home, for example, ¿Quién es él? Es mi amigo. ¿Qué hace tu mamá? Mi mamá es trabajadora social, ¿Qué deporte practica Miguel? Él juega al fútbol, ¿Qué te gusta de tu escuela? Me gusta hablar con mis amigas en el patio
  • describing features, characteristics and locations of particular things or places, for example, Mi celular es viejo, El parque está detrás de la escuela. La ciudad de México es gigante. ¿Dónde está la piscina? Está a la izquierda del lago. Mi escuela es muy grande y está en Adelaida
  • using formal and informal greetings in spoken and written forms of communication, for example, Querida abuela, Hola María
  • describing routines and favourite activities using expressions related to time and days of the week, for example, voy al colegio todos los días, todos los martes practico tenis
  • exchanging information about family, friends or interests, using simple descriptive statements and cohesive devices such as conjunctions, for example, Puedo correr pero no puedo nadar, Me gustan Shakira y Ricky Martin porque bailan bien

  VCESC127 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCFRC019

  Participate in routine exchanges such as asking each other how they are, offering wishes and sharing information about aspects of their personal worlds

  Elaborations

  • exchanging greetings in different contexts, for example, Bonjour, Madame Patou, comment allez-vous? Salut, Nicole, ça va? Pas mal, et toi?
  • offering wishes for particular occasions, situations or times of day, for example, Bonne nuit, Papa! Bonjour, Messieurs; Bonne fête, Hafiz! A demain, Mademoiselle; A bientȏt! Bonne année! Bon courage!
  • exchanging information about self, family, friends or interests, building vocabulary, using simple statements and cohesive devices such as the conjunctions et, mais and ou, and experimenting with gestures (for example, shrugging, thumb/fingers gesture for l’argent), intonation and expression, for example, J’ai deux soeurs et j’ai un frère; j’aime les sports et les voyages — mais j’adore la musique!
  • using common responses to frequently asked questions or comments (for example, très bien, voilà, oui, bien sûr, d’accord), imitating modelled intonation and stress patterns
  • asking and answering questions relating to concepts such as time, place or number, including days of the week, months and seasons, for example, Ça fait combien? Ça fait cinq; Quelle heure est-il? Il est dix heures; Aujourd’hui c’est vendredi? Non, c’est jeudi; En hiver il fait très froid
  • exchanging simple correspondence such as notes, invitations or birthday cards in print or digital form

  VCFRC019 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCFRU067

  Understand and control additional elements of French grammar such as compound tenses, irregular and reflexive verb forms, verb moods and modalities

  Elaborations

  • increasing control of the conjugation of regular verbs in le présent and le passé composé and of high-frequency irregular verbs such as avoir, être, faire, devoir, vouloir, savoir
  • recognising and using idiomatic expressions such as those using avoir, for example, avoir soif, avoir sommeil, avoir peur
  • understanding the form and function of reflexive verbs, for example, il se lève très tard, nous nous promenons chaque soir, je veux m’asseoir à côté de toi
  • extending knowledge of negative constructions such as ne…plus, ne…rien, ne…jamais, ne…que..
  • using le passé composé and le futur proche
  • understanding how to use modal verb forms to express possibility, obligation and ability (for example, je peux m’imaginer…, il doit partir demain), and impersonal expressions such as il faut… and on…
  • learning to use direct object pronouns in conjunction with the present tense, for example, je t’écoute, elle les mange tous les jours!
  • continuing to build a metalanguage to describe grammatical concepts and to organise learning resources, for example, verb charts, vocabulary lists and groups of pronouns, adverbs and adjectives

  VCFRU067 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCFRU104

  Recognise and use features of common spoken, written and multimodal texts, and compare with features of similar texts in English

  Elaborations

  • identifying the purpose, intended audience and key language features of familiar texts such as road signs, instructions or postcards, for example, Grosses bises! Défense de fumer; stationnement interdit
  • listening, viewing and reading for gist, context and purpose, drawing on knowledge of types of text, context and language features to predict and confirm meaning, for example, the use of imperative verb forms and specialised vocabulary in an in-flight safety demonstration (en préparation pour le décollage, le gilet de sauvetage, respirez normalement, gardez votre ceinture attaché…)
  • identifying elements of common types of text (le courriel, la météo, les slogans), and explaining relationships between language, structure and textual purpose
  • building understanding of text features through activities such as ‘genre substitution’; that is, transferring typical features from one genre to a different one, for example, a greeting that sounds like an announcement (Attention, Madame, comment-allez vous!), or a weather report that reads like a recipe (Un litre de pluie, un peu de vent, six nuages…)
  • understanding how to create textual cohesion, using elements such as conjunctions or causal phrases to sequence and link ideas and maintain the flow of expression, for example, donc, mais, à propos de, pendant, si, grace à, à cause de…

  VCFRU104 | Languages | French | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language