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• VCEALL602

  Experiment with different tenses and use some common irregular past tense verbs correctly

  Elaborations

  • using a small number of common irregular past tense verbs accurately, such as ‘went’, ‘bought’, ‘woke’
  • matching simple present and past tense verbs to time words, such as ‘Today I have …’, ‘Last week we went …’, ‘They always sit …’
  • experimenting with more complex tenses, with varied accuracy, for example elaborated tenses (‘I have been to …’), negatives (‘They didn’t had …’)

  VCEALL602 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL176

  Use basic verb forms in context

  Elaborations

  • matching simple verb tense to time words, such as ‘Yesterday we went …’,‘Tomorrow we go …’
  • sometimes using inconsistent tense when describing events in the past, present and future, for example ‘We drove the car and then arrive there’
  • using ‘no’ or ‘not’ with adjectives or nouns to express negative forms, such as ‘No hot today’, ‘Not me’

  VCEALL176 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level BL | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL441

  Understand the cohesion of ideas between and within paragraphs

  Elaborations

  • locating the topic sentence at the beginning of each paragraph, and finding the key words to identify the main idea
  • reordering sentences in a paragraph to follow a logical order of ideas and language
  • sequencing sentences using conjunctions of time (for example ‘then’, ‘next’, ‘first’, ‘after’) to make a cohesive paragraph
  • understanding items referred to by pronouns, and tracing these references through a text

  VCEALL441 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL255

  Use a small range of basic verb forms accurately

  Elaborations

  • matching simple verb tense to time words, such as ‘Yesterday we went …’, ‘Now we can eat lunch’, ‘Tomorrow we will go …’
  • maintaining consistent tense when describing events in the past, present and future, for example ‘I walked to his house and we played games’
  • using ‘no’ or ‘not’ with verbs, adjectives and nouns to express negative forms, such as ‘Not play’, ‘I no sad’, ‘Me no’

  VCEALL255 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL111

  Employ communicative strategies to enhance meaning

  Elaborations

  • developing accurate pronunciation and fluency based on modelling in a range of familiar interactions using personal language and classroom language
  • using stress or intonation appropriately in common utterances, for example using rising intonation when asking questions, stressing key words in short utterances
  • expressing emotions through intonation, for example surprise, frustration
  • using body language, facial expression and gesture to enhance the meaning of speech, for example nodding, pointing

  VCEALL111 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL666

  Write using a range of tenses with varied accuracy

  Elaborations

  • controlling simple and continuous present and past tenses, for example ‘They are waiting’, ‘I was walking’
  • attempting more complex tenses, with varied accuracy, for example multi-word verb groups (‘Was not going to say’), elaborated tenses (‘He had not been told yet’)
  • consistently controlling agreement with common subjects and simple verbs, for example ‘I go’, ‘She goes’, ‘It is’, ‘They are’

  VCEALL666 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL101

  Construct a small range of sentence forms

  Elaborations

  • constructing positive and negative statements using subject plus verb, for example ‘I finished’, ‘The bus didn’t come’
  • beginning questions with question words such as ‘Who’, ‘What’, ‘When’, ‘How’
  • beginning commands with an imperative verb, for example ‘Come over here’, ‘Bring that’
  • constructing subject–verb-–object sentences with accuracy
  • giving some additional detail using short noun groups or adjectival phrases, such as ‘He gave me a new book’, ‘I ran really fast’

  VCEALL101 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL420

  Respond to a sequence of instructions

  Elaborations

  • identifying key words used in the instructions, for example names of classroom items, software functions or action verbs, such as ‘workbook’, ‘paste’, ‘rule’
  • understanding a small number of instructions and following them in sequence, such as ‘Open your book to a new page. Rule up the page and write the date. Then copy the heading from the board’
  • asking for clarification, for example ‘Do I rule it up like this?’

  VCEALL420 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL752

  Use extended topic-related verb groups

  Elaborations

  • choosing from a wide range of action, saying, sensing and relating verbs to express precise meaning, for example ‘construct’, ‘produce’, ‘appreciate’, ‘prefer’
  • using extended verb groups, for example ‘about to start packing up’, ‘would not want to be noticed’
  • expressing more complex verbs using elaborated tenses, for example ‘hadn’t noticed’, ‘we’re getting hungry’
  • expressing modality through words such as ‘may’ and ‘might’

  VCEALL752 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL728

  Use verb forms appropriate to text type

  Elaborations

  • using appropriate verb forms for the purpose and text type, for example past tense for a reflective response, passive voice in a procedural recount
  • controlling a range of more complex verb tenses, such as elaborated tenses (‘They had been waiting’), multi-word verb groups (‘I was not supposed to know’)
  • controlling agreement for singular and plural nouns (for example ‘My brothers go to high school and my sister goes to university’) and countable and non-countable nouns (for example ‘There were clouds but there was no rain’)

  VCEALL728 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL021

  Understand the tense of statements or instructions by using time references

  Elaborations

  • understanding common time references in basic sentences, such as ‘We went yesterday’, ‘Tomorrow we will go’, ‘Now we can eat lunch’
  • matching simple verb tense to time words, such as ‘Yesterday we did …’, ‘Tomorrow we do …’
  • sometimes using inconsistent tense when describing events in the past, present and future, for example ‘We waited and then catch the train’

  VCEALL021 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL644

  Show awareness of how cohesive devices organise ideas

  Elaborations

  • locating in a text a small range of connectives (such as ‘then’, ‘so’), pronouns (such as ‘this’, ‘that’) and articles (such as ‘a’, ‘the’)
  • identifying how the use of related vocabulary (synonyms, antonyms or words related to a particular topic) can make connections between parts of a text
  • following the items referred to by reference items through a long text, for example ‘The movement of electricity through some metals can be converted to heat. This is an easy way to heat people’s homes, and the electricity needed to do this is not too expensive’

  VCEALL644 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL497

  Use basic verb forms in context

  Elaborations

  • matching simple verb tense to time words, such as ‘Yesterday we did …’, ‘Tomorrow we do …’
  • sometimes using inconsistent tense when describing events in the past, present and future, for example ‘We waited and then catch the train’
  • recognising the most common irregular verbs, such as ‘do’, ‘go’, ‘be’
  • using ‘no’ or ‘not’ with adjectives or nouns to express negative forms’, such as ‘No go outside’, ‘Not me’

  VCEALL497 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level CL | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL560

  Choose correct syntactic forms for questions, statements and commands

  Elaborations

  • beginning questions with question words such as ‘who’, ‘what’, ‘when’, ‘how’
  • using auxiliary verbs with some accuracy to construct simple open, closed, positive and negative questions, for example ‘Do you like running?’, ‘Why can’t you eat that?’
  • constructing positive and negative statements using subject + verb, for example ‘I finished’ and ‘The bus arrived’
  • beginning commands with an imperative verb, for example ‘Come over here’, ‘Bring that’

  VCEALL560 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCELA001

  Encounter various forms of texts and respond to sounds, text, symbols, images or objects in their environment

  Elaborations

  • experiencing various text forms and communication related to the environment or activity
  • experiencing texts and forms of communication being labelled, e.g. this is a fairy story, hello what did you want to say? Oh I think Amy wants a turn etc.
  • reacting to different forms of communication by familiar people, for example a smile, a wave
  • reacting to change in the environment associated with a text type, e.g. turns head or looks towards a multimodal text, images, sound, word such as their name

  VCELA001 | Curriculum content | English | Level A | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELC125

  Participate in shared imaginative activities and respond by acting out events, identifying favourite elements, and making simple statements about characters

  Elaborations

  • listening to, viewing and reading stories, such as Aesop’s fables, or stories by contemporary Greek authors, in a range of text types, and responding to questions about characters, themes and events
  • comparing a Greek myth or legend to myths and legends of a country of the Asia region, such as China, and highlighting the similarities and differences in characters, events and moral of the story
  • creating a timeline of the main events of a story using pictures, words and simple sentences
  • performing a scene from a Greek myth (Theseus and the Minotaur, Icarus, Hercules, Cyclops, Persephone) using simple, modelled language

  VCELC125 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Creating

• VCELC128

  Create simple bilingual resources such as picture dictionaries, action games or labels for the classroom

  Elaborations

  • creating handmade or digital greeting cards in both Greek and English for different celebrations and traditions, for example, Καλά Χριστούγεννα, Καλό Πάσχα
  • creating bilingual texts for different audiences, for example, signs for the school community, a bilingual class digital dictionary, a word chart, a board game for a younger class
  • creating simple bilingual story books that include captions and images modelled on familiar texts, for example, Spot the dog

  VCELC128 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCELC143

  Create and perform imaginative texts such as stories, skits or rap, using familiar language

  Elaborations

  • producing short scripted plays with teacher support, to perform to class, younger students or the school community
  • creating and performing simple songs, rhymes and rap to teach vocabulary and word patterns to younger Greek language classes
  • creating and using own texts, such as storyboards, digital stories, booklets or board games, based on characters, settings and events from a myth or commonly relayed story, for example, a story based on one of the gods of Olympus, Aesop’s fables, or a fairytale such as Τα τρία γουρουνάκια ...

  VCELC143 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Creating

• VCELT205

  Discuss how authors create characters using language and images

  Elaborations

  • identifying similarities between texts from different cultural traditions, for example representations of dragons in traditional European and Asian texts, and how spiritual beings are represented in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander stories
  • identifying some features of characters and how particular words and images convey qualities of their nature, for example some characters are portrayed as shy, others adventurous
  • discussing the characters of fictional animals and how they relate to those of humans

  VCELT205 | Curriculum content | English | Level 1 | Speaking and Listening | Literature

• VCELU169

  Recognise that Modern Greek has evolved from Ancient Greek and that changes to the Greek alphabet, number system and style of writing have occurred through the ages; considering factors that have influenced this change

  Elaborations

  • finding examples of Greek script throughout history, such as on pots and stone slabs, for example, the Rosetta Stone, the entrance to Delphi, tombstones in Vergina, Byzantine artefacts, coins and old books, observing how different styles of writing have developed
  • understanding that there are different forms of written Greek used in different contexts dating from the ancient world to today
  • recognising that meanings of particular words and expressions can originate from earlier times, for example, εντάξει

  VCELU169 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change