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• VCZHC057

  Reflect on the cultural significance of how different groups and members of groups name themselves and are represented by others

  Elaborations

  • comparing Chinese and western cultural symbols, for example, the symbol of the dragon, 龙 across western and Chinese cultures
  • sharing information about their own membership of diverse groups and exploring how this is expressed in Chinese, for example, 每年春节小明的妈妈都会包饺子。安娜的妈妈每年圣诞节都烤火鸡
  • exploring the role of language in the formation and expression of identity, for example: Why does my classmate go to Chinese school on Saturday? Why do I speak Chinese to my teacher but feel strange speaking it to my classmates?
  • analysing expressions of identity encountered in Chinese texts and interactions, and comparing these with their own assumptions about Chinese people and with their own expressions of identity, for example, 龙的传人 (descendant of dragon)
  • identifying the differences of meaning of multiple terms use to convey a similar concept, for example, comparing representations of foreigners in 外国人有一些不同的习俗 to 老外都很奇怪
  • reflecting on their own cultural values and norms, comparing them to those of Chinese speakers, and asking, for example: Which of my own values are non-negotiable, and which Chinese values do I feel I should validate and support?

  VCZHC057 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCADAE033

  Use safe dance practice, elements of dance, body actions and improvisations to explore ways of making literal movements into abstract movements

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with realistic, everyday movements, for example, exaggerating the movement of a single body part such as the arm in eating spaghetti and blurring this into abstract movements
  • analysing dances from a range of times and locations, considering how a single realistic movement can be manipulated from representational to symbolic
  • asking questions about ideas from other choreographer’s work as a starting point for creating new work, for example, the choreographer’s intention for the dance, or ideas that students think the dance expressed
  • using the elements of dance to develop new movements that still maintain the essence of the original movement

  VCADAE033 | The Arts | Dance | Levels 7 and 8 | Explore and Express Ideas

• VCADAE034

  Develop their choreographic intent by applying the elements of dance to select and organise movement

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with different elements of dance to explore ideas and develop a choreographic intention for example, translating rhythms and notations of spatial patterns into movement
  • improvising and then selecting movement to best communicate a choreographic intention, for example, a mood or emotion
  • exploring movements that may have symbolic meaning in a social or cultural context, for example, communicate a specific idea by developing a recurring movement idea or motif
  • using questions to analyse how choreographers select and organise movement to communicate choreographic intent, for example, the cultural context in which the dance was developed or viewed, and its significance, or the stylistic differences in street dance performances from different countries or regions across Asia, Europe and the USA

  VCADAE034 | The Arts | Dance | Levels 7 and 8 | Explore and Express Ideas

• VCADAR020

  Respond to dance, expressing what they enjoy and why

  Elaborations

  • thinking about constructive feedback when revising their dance ideas
  • describing in words, symbols and/or images, the movements and phrases they create or how they have expressed a feeling by moving in particular ways
  • identifying movements such as jumps, turns, walking, sliding, twisting when viewing dance, for example, their peers, dancers in a live performance, dancers on film
  • using questions to evaluate dance they experience, as a dancer, and as an audience, what sort of movements did the dancers perform in the dances at a local festival, what were they wearing, what kind of music were they dancing to?

  VCADAR020 | The Arts | Dance | Foundation Level | Respond and Interpret

• VCADRE040

  Improvise with the elements of drama and narrative structure to develop ideas, and explore subtext to shape devised and scripted drama

  Elaborations

  • communicating meaning through realistic and non-realistic performance styles and dramatic forms by manipulating the elements of drama
  • establishing aspects of the dramatic action as symbolic, such as a suitcase being a person’s memories, a light symbolising hope
  • exploring the implied or underlying aspects of character and dramatic action
  • using questions to frame devising process, for example, What personal meaning is intended? What political statement is this work making? How have you used critical theories about drama to make your own drama? What emotion was most strongly felt as you viewed the drama?

  VCADRE040 | The Arts | Drama | Levels 9 and 10 | Explore and Express Ideas

• VCADRE041

  Manipulate combinations of the elements of drama to develop and convey the physical and psychological aspects of roles and characters consistent with intentions in dramatic forms and performance styles

  Elaborations

  • analyse and create performance highlighting subtext, dramatic tension, atmosphere and mood based on the story, setting, dialogue and stage directions
  • apply the conventions of character in particular forms and performance styles, using research to develop understanding of the conventions and refining use of relevant techniques
  • using questions to build an understanding of ways context can influence creative choices, for example, how does the drama relate to the social context in which it was created? What culturally symbolic movements are evident in this drama? What historical influences might be evident in contemporary drama created by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples? How are global trends in drama influencing Australian drama?

  VCADRE041 | The Arts | Drama | Levels 9 and 10 | Explore and Express Ideas

• VCAMAE034

  Develop media representations to show familiar or shared social and cultural values and beliefs

  Elaborations

  • investigating different viewpoints and making decisions about how they will represent a theme, concept or idea, considering media conventions and genres
  • manipulating combinations of technical and symbolic elements such as composition, time, space, sound, movement, lighting, to represent ideas and feelings in their media artworks
  • discussing and documenting their choices of representation to strengthen meaning in their media artworks
  • discussing the different intentions of media artists and the influence of media artworks on different audiences, for example, how ideological or political perspectives are used to engage particular audience
  • exploring media artworks that provide different ideas and concepts based on viewpoints and institutional practice, for example, the depiction of cultural groups and social values in Australian film and television

  VCAMAE034 | The Arts | Media Arts | Levels 7 and 8 | Explore and Represent Ideas

• VCAMAM036

  Plan, structure and design media artworks for a range of purposes that engage audiences using media elements, technologies and production processes

  Elaborations

  • selecting footage captured on a camera, editing the footage into a sequence and applying a soundtrack that matches the edited sequence’s pace, rhythm and style
  • manipulating sound and camera angles to create mood and setting
  • manipulating and evaluating the use of media elements to create genres, for example, creating mood and setting through images, and sound and framing
  • applying image manipulation software to manipulate contrast, correct colour and add filters or text to an image, to enhance the mood or strengthen a point of view
  • documenting the use of technical and symbolic elements in media artworks providing specific examples that demonstrate an awareness of responsible media practices

  VCAMAM036 | The Arts | Media Arts | Levels 7 and 8 | Media Arts Practices

• VCDSCD039

  Generate, develop, communicate and document design ideas and processes for audiences using appropriate technical terms and graphical representation techniques

  Elaborations

  • generating a range of design ideas for products, services or environments using prior knowledge, skills and research
  • developing alternative design ideas and considering implications for the future to broaden the appeal and acceptance of design ideas
  • analysing and modifying design ideas to enhance and improve the sustainability of a product, service, environment or system
  • representing and communicating design ideas using modelling and drawing standards including the use of digital technologies, for example scale; symbols and codes in diagrams; pictorial maps and aerial views using web mapping service applications
  • experimenting with materials, tools and equipment to refine design ideas, for example considering the selection of materials and joining techniques to suit the purpose of a product

  VCDSCD039 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 5 and 6 | Creating Designed Solutions | Generating

• VCELC161

  Translate texts from Greek to English and vice versa, interpreting meaning and identifying words or expressions of specific cultural significance in Greek

  Elaborations

  • translating and interpreting expressions used in routine exchanges in familiar settings and making comparisons with similar exchanges in English
  • translating texts, such as short video clips (without subtitles), posters, advertisements, signs and symbols such as emoticons, and explaining cultural aspects using subtitles, captions, gestures and commentaries
  • using dictionaries (traditional, online or electronic) and other translation tools found online, exploring ways of avoiding literal translations that do not reflect intended meaning
  • comparing translations and interpretations of texts such as songs and advertisements, noticing similarities and differences and reflecting on why interpretations may vary

  VCELC161 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCESU126

  Notice some differences and similarities in cultural practices between Spanish speakers and Australian-English speakers

  Elaborations

  • exploring the meaning of culture: how it involves visible elements, such as ways of eating, or symbols such as flags, and invisible elements, such as how people live, what they value, and how they think about themselves and others
  • noticing similarities and differences between naming systems across languages and cultures represented in the classroom, for example, the use of diminutives, nicknames, surnames and ways of referring to family members (Juancito, Paquito; Nacho, Paco; Lola García Martínez; mi yayo/a, tato/a)
  • noticing expressions and terms in Australian English that reflect Australian lifestyles and cultures, such as terms associated with food, the land, sports and leisure activities, for example, ‘backyard’ or ‘footy’

  VCESU126 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCGGC076

  Interpret maps and other geographical data and information to develop identifications, descriptions, explanations and conclusions, using geographical terminology including simple grid references, compass direction and distance

  Elaborations

  • constructing tables or graphs to show the similarities and differences between places, and discussing possible reasons for them
  • discussing and comparing how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples may represent places and their features visually, for example, in paintings and sand drawings, and identifying the symbols and patterns used.
  • comparing a range of thematic maps, for example, maps of relief, climate, vegetation, animals and bird life to find relationships
  • using geographical terms to explain relationships, for example between the environment and sustaining life
  • describing the relative location of different features in a place by distance and compass direction. For example, from their home to the local waste management site

  VCGGC076 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 3 and 4 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Data and information

• VCHHC099

  Analyse and corroborate sources and ask questions about their accuracy, usefulness and reliability

  Elaborations

  • differentiating between primary sources (those from the time of the event/person/site being investigated) and secondary sources (those that represent later interpretation).
  • organising historical sources into artefacts, visual, written, audio
  • asking questions of sources when identify origin, content, explaining context, and analysing reliability the usefulness about the historical context
  • discussing the difficulties in identifying the origin and purpose of some sources
  • creating categories with which to organise information obtained from sources. Identifying features and symbols in primary source
  • creating an annotated visual concept map using historical sources to explain the changes brought to Europe during the Renaissance

  VCHHC099 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Historical sources as evidence

• VCHHC123

  Analyse and corroborate sources and evaluate their accuracy, usefulness and reliability

  Elaborations

  • developing a set of questions that support student’s analysis of sources
  • recognising the role of ICT in providing access to sources and the need to ask relevant questions of those sources, for example, a Google search for ‘significance of Kokoda’
  • identifying literal and symbolic features of sources and explain their purpose and inferences
  • understanding that the reliability and usefulness of a source depends on the questions asked of it, for example, an account may be one-sided and therefore of use in revealing past prevailing attitudes. Discuss the reliability and usefulness of Martin Luther King’s 1963 ‘I Have A Dream’ speech as a source to assist in understanding the aims and motivations of the US Civil Rights movement
  • corroborating a range of historical sources identifying similarities, differences and inconsistencies

  VCHHC123 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Historical sources as evidence

• VCHPEP033

  Explore their feelings and practice expressing their needs, likes and dislikes using simple communication tools

  Elaborations

  • learning through supported experiences about what feelings look like, when they have felt this way and how to act
  • learning to recognise their emotional expression
  • learning to use words, signs or symbols to name emotions for self and others
  • developing a vocabulary of key concepts and using pictures and real objects to indicate their understanding of their likes and dislikes and feelings, and events associated with each feeling
  • learning about the needs and viewpoints of others through group experiences and shared decision-making
  • selecting a solution and identifying cause and effect of actions for familiar social problems

  VCHPEP033 | Health and Physical Education | Level C | Personal, Social and Community Health | Communicating and interacting for health and wellbeing

• VCITU038

  Compare and reflect on different cultural practices and the ways in which language use reflects culture-specific ideas

  Elaborations

  • recognising similarities and differences between the meaning of signs and symbols in everyday life, for example, use of Roman numerals, male/female signs, street signs (Senso Unico and Zona Pedonale), currency
  • showing awareness that Italian language carries cultural ideas that have no equivalent in English language and Australian culture, for example, Buon onomastico
  • beginning to develop a metalanguage for talking about language
  • making connections and comparisons between questions and responses among members of the class, noting different perspectives
  • observing the connection between some names and regional and family connections or religion

  VCITU038 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCKOU133

  Understand that ways people use language reflect their culture, such as where and how they live and what is important to them, finding examples of similarities and differences between Korean and Australian ways of communicating

  Elaborations

  • comparing gestures and body language associated with language use in different cultures, for example, bowing and saying 안녕하세요? when greeting in Korean, different ways of kissing on the cheek saying ‘hi’ in English-speaking cultures including Australia and pressing noses (that is, hongi) and saying ‘kia-ora’ when greeting in Maori
  • exploring the meaning of ‘culture’ and how it involves visible elements, for example, ways of eating or symbols such as flags, and invisible elements, for example, how people live, what they value, and how they think about themselves and others

  VCKOU133 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCLVC159

  Translate simple texts from the language to English and vice versa, identifying elements which require interpretation rather than translation and involve cultural references

  Elaborations

  • using visual or print dictionaries, word lists and pictures to translate simple familiar texts such as labels, signs, captions, charts, posters, applying knowledge of grammatical rules and context, for example, by locating word stems or by removing affixes
  • translating texts, identifying culture-specific concepts and expressions that do not easily translate into English, for example, language related to artefacts, place names, landforms, kinship relations
  • explaining to others culture-specific words that do not easily translate, such as language associated with artefacts, implements and kinship terms of address
  • identifying words and phrases that have more than one literal meaning
  • explaining the meaning of art works and performances to others, including the use of symbolism

  VCLVC159 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCLVC139

  Describe aspects of self, such as family, school/class and language/s spoken, considering how these contribute to their sense of identity

  Elaborations

  • describing self and their family, for example, by drawing pictures of immediate family members or creating a family tree and labelling it with appropriate kinship terms
  • identifying self in relation to different groups, such as family, class or peer group, and representing these relationships through drawing captioned pictures, photos or digital presentations (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students may be able to depict their totems/moieties and other affiliations)
  • exploring the idea of collective identity through symbols and practices such as Aboriginal flags, items of dress, use of colours and patterns
  • noticing and comparing their own choices and use of words or expressions from different languages when communicating in English
  • recognising the relationship between language, place and family in the formation of identity in Aboriginal communities

  VCLVC139 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Identity

• VC2M10A14

  solve simple exponential equations

  Elaborations

  • investigating exponential equations derived from authentic mathematical models based on population growth
  • recognising that in a table of values, if the ratio between consecutive values of the dependent variable is constant, then it is an exponential relation
  • investigating the links between algebraic and graphical representations of exponential functions using graphing software
  • using digital tools with symbolic manipulation functionality to systematically explore exponential relations
  • investigating Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander ranger groups’ and other groups’ programs that attempt to eradicate feral animals for survival of native animals on Country/Place, exploring the competition between feral and native animals and their impact on natural resources by formulating exponential equations for population growth for each animal species 

  VC2M10A14 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 10 | Algebra