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• VCHIU054

  Reflect on how communities’ ways of using languages are shaped by values and belief systems, and how these may be differently interpreted by speakers of other languages

  Elaborations

  • understanding that people ‘read’ intercultural communication in different ways depending on their own cultural perspectives, and recognising the validity of different perspectives and questioning notions of ‘right’ or ‘wrong’ ideas
  • noticing ways in which the Hindi language reflects values and traditions of Indian communities, for example, understanding concepts such as सत्संग, घूँघट
  • reflecting on how different languages and cultures represented in the classroom influence ways of talking or acting in social, physical and temporal environments, for example, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander relationships with place, language and culture; the concept of non-linear time expressed in Hindi कल, परसों, the concepts of अहिंसा and कर्म
  • identifying Australian values and traditions such as informality, mateship and loyalty that resonate in particular words, expressions or behaviours that may be misunderstood by others, for example, ‘bring a plate’, ‘fair dinkum’, ‘mate’

  VCHIU054 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VC2M2A01

  recognise, describe and create additive patterns that increase or decrease by a constant amount, using numbers, shapes and objects, and identify missing elements in the pattern

  Elaborations

  • creating a pattern sequence with materials, writing the associated number sequence, and then describing the sequence so someone else can replicate it with different materials; for example, using matchsticks or toothpicks to create a growing pattern of triangles – using 3 for one triangle, 5 for 2 triangles, 7 for 3 triangles – and describing the pattern as ‘Start with 3 and add 2 each time’
  • recognising patterns in the built environment to locate additive pattern sequences (for example, responding to ‘How many windows in one train carriage, 2 train carriages, 3 train carriages …?’ or ‘How many wheels on one car, 2 cars, 3 cars …?’) and recording the results in a diagram or table
  • recognising the constant term being added or subtracted in an additive pattern and using it to identify missing elements in the sequence
  • recognising additive patterns in the environment on Country/Place and in Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander material culture; and representing these patterns using drawings, coloured counters and numbers

  VC2M2A01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 2 | Algebra

• VC2M1A01

  recognise, continue and create pattern sequences, with numbers, symbols, shapes and objects including Australian coins, formed by skip counting, initially by twos, fives and tens

  Elaborations

  • using number charts, songs, rhymes and stories to establish skip counting sequences of twos, fives and tens
  • using shapes and objects to represent a growing pattern formed by skip counting; for example, using blocks or beads to represent the growing patterns 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 … and 5, 10, 15, 20 …
  • recognising the patterns in sequences formed by skip counting; for example, recognising that skip counting in fives starting from zero always results in either a 5 or zero as the final digit
  • counting by twos, fives or tens to determine how much money is in a collection of coins or notes of the same denomination, for example, 5-cent, 10-cent and $2 coins or $5 and $10 notes
  • using different variations of the popular Korean counting game Sam-yuk-gu for generating skip counting pattern sequences

  VC2M1A01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 1 | Algebra

• VC2M1A02

  recognise, continue and create repeating patterns with numbers, symbols, shapes and objects, identifying the repeating unit and recognising the importance of repetition in solving problems

  Elaborations

  • interpreting a repeating pattern sequence created by someone else, noticing and describing the repeating part of the pattern and explaining how they know what comes next in the sequence
  • generalising a repeating pattern by identifying the unit of repeat and representing the elements using numbers, letters or symbols; for example, representing the repeating pattern of stamp, stamp, clap, stamp, clap, pause, stamp, stamp, clap, stamp, clap as SSCSC SSCSC …, recognising the elements that are repeating, describing the unit of repeat as SSCSC and continuing the pattern
  • recognising within the sequencing of natural numbers that 0–9 digits are repeated both in and between the decades and using this pattern to continue the sequence and name two-digit numbers beyond 20
  • identifying the repeating patterns in Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander systems of counting, exploring different ways of representing numbers including oral and gestural language
  • considering how the making of shell or seed necklaces by Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Peoples includes practices such as sorting shells and beads based on colour, size and shape, and creating a repeating pattern sequence

  VC2M1A02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 1 | Algebra

• VC2M7M05

  demonstrate that the interior angle sum of a triangle in the plane is 180° and apply this to determine the interior angle sum of other shapes and the size of unknown angles

  Elaborations

  • using concrete materials to demonstrate that the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180°; for example, using paper triangles and tearing to demonstrate that the interior angles when combined form 180°
  • using decomposition and the angle sum of a triangle to generalise the interior angle sum of an $n$-sided polygon, as $180\left(n-2\right)=180n-360$

  VC2M7M05 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 7 | Measurement

• VC2M8SP01

  identify the conditions for congruence and similarity of triangles and explain the conditions for other sets of common shapes to be congruent or similar, including those formed by transformations

  Elaborations

  • developing an understanding of what it means for shapes to be congruent or similar
  • using the enlargement transformation and digital tools to develop sets of similar shapes
  • investigating sufficient conditions to establish that 2 triangles are congruent
  • applying logical reasoning and tests for congruence and similarity, to problems and proofs involving plane shapes
  • comparing angle and side measurements of shapes under transformation to answer questions such as ‘What changes?’ and ‘What stays the same?’
  • establishing that 2 shapes are congruent if one lies exactly on top of the other after one or more transformations, including translations, reflections and rotations, and recognising that the matching sides and the matching angles are equal

  VC2M8SP01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 8 | Space

• VCNRC062

  Consider how own biography, including personal experiences, family origins, traditions and beliefs, impact on identity and shape own intercultural experiences

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on the experience of learning and using the language and the role of language and culture in expressing identity, and considering the influence of own background on ways of communicating
  • reflecting on how learning the language may have impacted on own identity and understanding of the world such as an increased awareness of representations in the media of countries where the language is spoken

  VCNRC062 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCTRU051

  Reflect on how communities’ ways of using languages are shaped by values and belief systems, and how these may be differently interpreted by speakers of other languages

  Elaborations

  • understanding that people interpret and respond to intercultural experiences in different ways depending on their own cultural perspectives, recognising the validity of different perspectives and questioning notions of ‘right’ or ‘wrong’ ideas or behaviours
  • noticing ways in which the Turkish language reflects values and traditions of Turkish communities, such as Nazar değmesin
  • comparing superstitions across cultures, for example, Yerde uzanan çocukların üzerinden atlama, Geceleyin tırnak kesilmez, tahtaya vurmak, yıldız kayarken dilek tutmak compared to ‘breaking a mirror will bring you seven years of bad luck’, researching their origins and considering their relevance today
  • considering how Turkish interaction patterns around familiar routines such as meal times reflect cultural practices and values associated with family life, food and social relationships, for example, selamlaşma, yemek zamanı-öğünler, sofra adabı
  • identifying examples of Australian values and traditions reflected in ways of communicating that may not be familiar to members of other language communities, for example, ways of addressing people, behaviour and interactions around meal times

  VCTRU051 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCCCC027

  Examine how national identity can shape a sense of belonging and examine different perspectives about Australia’s national identity, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' perspectives

  Elaborations

  • investigating representations of Australian identity evident in national day events (such as Anzac Day), and in the media and popular culture, to analyse different perspectives on the interpretation of national identity
  • explaining contemporary influences on the shaping of Australian national identity, such as the natural environment, immigration, attitudes to Asia and Reconciliation between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and other Australians
  • using personal stories to explore how individuals relate to national identity and how it impacts on their sense of belonging in the Australian community
  • investigating the extent of ethnic diversity in Australia

  VCCCC027 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 7 and 8 | Citizenship, Diversity and Identity

• VCCCG028

  Discuss the role of political parties and independent representatives in Australia’s system of government, including the formation of governments, and explain the process through which government policy is shaped and developed

  Elaborations

  • investigating how the contemporary party system operates in Australia’s liberal democracy and how governments are formed in parliament
  • discussing the meaning of key concepts such as parliamentary majority, the opposition, hung parliament, minority government, party platform, and mandate
  • investigating the role of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, the bureaucracy and the parliament in policy-making
  • discussing the development of government policy such as health, education, disability

  VCCCG028 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Government and Democracy

• VC2M9SP02

  apply the enlargement transformation to shapes and objects using dynamic geometry software as appropriate; identify and explain, using language of similarity, ratio and scale, aspects that remain the same and those that change

  Elaborations

  • comparing the ratio of lengths of corresponding sides of similar triangles and angles 
  • using the properties of similarity to solve problems involving enlargement
  • investigating and generalising patterns in length, angle, area and volume when side lengths of shapes and objects are enlarged or dilated by whole and rational numbers; for example, comparing an enlargement of a square and a cube of side length 2 units by a factor of 3 increases the area of the square, ${(3\times 2)}^2=9\times 2^2=9$ times the original area and the volume of the cube, $2^3$, to ${(3\times 2)}^3=27\times 2^3=27$ times the volume

  VC2M9SP02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 9 | Space

• VC2M5SP03

  describe and perform translations, reflections and rotations of shapes, using dynamic geometry software where appropriate; recognise what changes and what remains the same, and identify any symmetries

  Elaborations

  • understanding and explaining that translations, rotations and reflections can change the position and orientation of a shape but not its shape or size
  • using pattern blocks and paper, tracing around a shape and then conducting a series of one-step transformations and tracing each resulting image, and then finally copying the original position and end position on a new sheet of paper
  • demonstrating how different combinations of transformations can produce the same resulting image
  • challenging classmates to select a combination of transformations to move from an original image to the final image, noting the different combinations by using different colours to trace images
  • investigating how animal tracks can be interpreted by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples using the transformation of their shapes, to help determine and understand animal behaviour

  VC2M5SP03 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 5 | Space

• VC2M6ST01

  interpret and compare data sets for ordinal and nominal categorical, discrete and continuous numerical variables using comparative displays or visualisations and digital tools; compare distributions in terms of mode, range and shape

  Elaborations

  • determining the range for a numerical data set by finding the difference between the highest and the lowest value in the set and comparing the range for different data sets
  • representing acquired numerical data sets using side-by-side column graphs, comparing the spread of each data set using the range, the highest frequency for each data set using the mode, and discussing the shape
  • representing ordinal data collected through surveys, using visualisation tools including dot plots and bar charts, and discussing the distribution of data in terms of shape
  • using technology to access data sets and graphing software to construct side-by-side column graphs or stacked line graphs; and comparing data sets that are grouped by gender, year level, age group or other variables, and discussing findings

  VC2M6ST01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 6 | Statistics

• VC2M7ST03

  plan and conduct statistical investigations for issues involving discrete and continuous numerical data, and data collected from primary and secondary sources; analyse and interpret distributions of data and report findings in terms of shape and summary statistics

  Elaborations

  • obtaining secondary data from newspapers, the internet or the Australian Bureau of Statistics
  • investigating secondary data relating to the distribution and use of non-renewable resources around the world
  • conducting an investigation to draw conclusions about whether teenagers have faster reaction times than adults
  • conducting an investigation to support claims that a modification of a science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) related design has improved performance
  • using secondary data from the Australian Reconciliation Barometer to conduct and report on statistical investigations relating to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples

  VC2M7ST03 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 7 | Statistics

• VC2M5ST01

  acquire, validate and represent data for nominal and ordinal categorical and discrete numerical variables to address a question of interest or purpose using software including spreadsheets; discuss and report on data distributions in terms of highest frequency (mode) and shape, in the context of the data

  Elaborations

  • recognising that ordinal data is a form of categorical data even though the data being collected might be numbers, for example, a rating scale using numbers 1–5 to represent the categories people can choose from when asked, ‘What rating would you give this film out of 5?’
  • determining the mode for a set of data and discussing that there may be more than one mode
  • identifying the best methods of presenting data to illustrate the results of investigations and justifying the choice of representations
  • acquiring data through chance experiments, discussing and reporting on the distribution of outcomes and how this relates to equal and unequal outcomes
  • using digital systems to validate data; for example, recognising the difference between numerical, text and date formats in spreadsheets, and setting data types in a spreadsheet to make sure a date is input correctly
  • investigating data relating to the reconciliation process between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and non-Indigenous Australians, posing questions, discussing and reporting on findings

  VC2M5ST01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 5 | Statistics

• VC2M7ST02

  create different types of displays of numerical data, including dot plots and stem-and-leaf plots, using software where appropriate; describe and compare the distribution of data, commenting on the shape, centre and spread including outliers and determining the range, median, mean and mode

  Elaborations

  • using ordered stem-and-leaf plots to record and display numerical data collected in a class investigation, such as constructing a class plot of height in centimetres on a shared stem-and-leaf plot for which the stems 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 have been produced
  • comparing variation in attributes by category using split stem-and-leaf plots or dot plots; interpreting the shape of the distribution using qualitative terms to describe ‘symmetry’, ‘skewness’ and ‘average’ in terms of the mean, median and mode, and the amount of variation based on qualitative descriptions of the spread of the data
  • connecting features of the data display (for example, highest frequency, clusters, gaps, symmetry or skewness) to the mode, range and median, and the question in context; describing the shape of distributions using terms such as ‘positive skew’, ‘negative skew’, ‘symmetric’ and ‘bi-modal’ and discussing the location of the median and mean on these distributions
  • using mean and median to compare data sets, identifying possible outliers and explaining how these may affect the comparison; recognising how different displays make specific information about data more evident, including proportions, and measures of mean, mode or median, spread and extreme values; understanding that the median and the mean will be the same or similar for symmetric distributions but different for distributions that are skewed
  • comparing the mean and median of data with and without extremes; for example, estimation of standard measures for length or mass, informally considering for a given set of data what might constitute an unexpected, unusual or extreme data value

  VC2M7ST02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 7 | Statistics

• VCMMG198

  Connect three-dimensional objects with their nets and other two-dimensional representations

  Elaborations

  • identifying the shape and relative position of each face of a solid to determine the net of the solid, including that of prisms and pyramids
  • representing two-dimensional shapes such as photographs, sketches and images created by digital technologies

  VCMMG198 | Mathematics | Level 5 | Measurement and Geometry | Shape

• VC2M6SP03

  recognise and use combinations of transformations to create tessellations and other geometric patterns, using dynamic geometry software where appropriate

  Elaborations

  • using digital tools to create tessellations of shapes, including paver and tiling patterns, describing the transformations used and discussing why these shapes tessellate; and identifying shapes or combinations of shapes that will or will not tessellate, answering questions such as ‘Do all triangles tessellate?’
  • designing a school or brand logo using the transformation of one or more shapes and describing the transformations used
  • using dynamic geometry software and digital tools to experiment with transformations, for example, to demonstrate when the order of transformations produces different results; and experimenting with transformations and their application to fractals
  • designing an algorithm as a set of instructions to transform a shape, including getting back to where you started from; for example, programming a robot to move around the plane using instructions for movements, such as 2 down, 3 to the right, and combinations of these to transform shapes
  • investigating symmetry, transformation and tessellation in different shapes on Country/Place, including rock formations, insects, and land and sea animals, discussing the purpose or role symmetry plays in their physical structure

  VC2M6SP03 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 6 | Space

• VCELT045

  Recognise a familiar event or character during shared reading or viewing of text

  Elaborations

  • identifying some familiar images and shapes within a text
  • engaging with the features of shared texts, such as images, sounds and actions

  VCELT045 | Curriculum content | English | Level B | Reading and Viewing | Literature

• VCMMG124

  Identify and describe half and quarter turns

  Elaborations

  • predicting and reproducing a pattern based around half and quarter turns of a shape and sketching the next element in the pattern

  VCMMG124 | Mathematics | Level 2 | Measurement and Geometry | Location and transformation