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• VC2M2N02

  partition, rearrange, regroup and rename two- and three-digit numbers using standard and non-standard groupings; recognise the role of a zero digit in place value notation

  Elaborations

  • comparing the digits of a number with materials grouped into hundreds, tens and ones, and explaining the meaning of each of the digits in the materials
  • renaming numbers in different ways using knowledge of place value; for example, renaming 245 as 24 tens and 5 ones or 2 hundreds and 45 ones

  VC2M2N02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 2 | Number

• VCMNA103

  Investigate number sequences, initially those increasing and decreasing by twos, threes, fives and ten from any starting point, then moving to other sequences

  Elaborations

  • developing fluency and confidence with numbers and calculations by saying number sequences
  • recognising that the natural numbers with zero form an ordered infinite set {0, 1, 2, 3 … } with a first element but no last element
  • recognising patterns in number sequences, such as adding 10 always results in the same final digit

  VCMNA103 | Mathematics | Level 2 | Number and Algebra | Number and place value

• VC2M10P02

  describe the results of two- and three-step chance experiments, both with and without replacements, assign probabilities to outcomes and determine probabilities of events; investigate the concept of independence

  Elaborations

  • recognising that a subsequent event can be dependent, and that this will affect the way its probability is calculated, for example, cards chosen from a standard deck without replacement, conditional selection problems from a fixed sample size, or the Bertrand’s box paradox

  VC2M10P02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 10 | Probability

• VCMSP347

  Describe the results of two- and three-step chance experiments, both with and without replacements, assign probabilities to outcomes and determine probabilities of events. Investigate the concept of independence

  Elaborations

  • recognising that an event can be dependent on another event and that this will affect the way its probability is calculated

  VCMSP347 | Mathematics | Level 10 | Statistics and Probability | Chance

• VCELU182

  Use pronunciation rules and apply features of spoken Greek such as intonation, stress and rhythm to polysyllabic words, and extend to more advanced spelling and punctuation rules

  Elaborations

  • recognising that pronunciation, rhythm and tempo help in making meaning in interactions and applying this knowledge to own communication
  • comparing English and Greek sounds and spelling to support pronunciation of familiar and unfamiliar words and expressions, for example, astronaut/αστροναύτης, school/σχολείο, mathematics/μαθηματικά
  • using accentuation correctly and with appropriate pronunciation, for example, τσάι, παίχτης, οικόπεδο
  • applying appropriate pronunciation of ια, ιε, ιο, ιό, ιου with different preceding letters
  • recognising that the sound ‘I’ is represented by the following letters, depending on the context: I , ι, H, η, Y, υ, Eι, ει, Οι, οι
  • recognising the different pronunciation of the digraphs/diphthongs, for example, αυ - αυτοκίνητο and αυλή, ευ - ευχαριστώ and ευγενικός, μπ, ντ, γκ, γγ, τσ, τζ
  • recognising that double letters in Greek sound the same in most cases, for example, ιππόδρομος, Γιάννης
  • building phonic awareness by using and experimenting with sounds and rhythms, for example, γέρος, γερός
  • reinforcing pronunciation, phrasing and intonation skills by reciting and repeating words and phrases in context
  • recognising the role of stress and rhythm in creating emphasis
  • using appropriate spelling and punctuation in a range of written texts

  VCELU182 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCFRC098

  Translate short texts from French to English and vice versa, noticing which words or phrases translate easily and which do not

  Elaborations

  • translating short personal texts such as letters, emails or conversations, identifying words and phrases that can be translated literally (for example, la maison, le ciel, les enfants, Bonjour, mon ami) and those that need to be translated for meaning, for example, il fait beau! A tout à l’heure! courage!
  • translating public signs or notices (for example, sens unique, chaussée deformée, défense de fumer), comparing own versions with others’ and considering reasons for any differences
  • using bilingual dictionaries and electronic translation tools, taking into account issues such as alternative or multiple meanings of words and the importance of context when making meaning, for example, la fille, le bureau, l’histoire, la vue
  • translating headlines, captions and short reports in texts produced for young readers (for example, Wapiti, Okapi, Julie), identifying and explaining words or expressions that require interpretation rather than translation
  • translating and explaining the meaning of words or expressions associated with celebrations in French-speaking regions of the world (for example, le poisson d’avril, la bûche de Noël, le Ramadan, Aïd el-Fitre, la Fête de la Musique, la Toussaint), and considering how they reflect significant cultural experience

  VCFRC098 | Languages | French | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCEALA219

  Understand the difference between writing and drawing, and that writing changes according to context and purpose

  Elaborations

  • pointing to pictures and words when prompted
  • understanding that English writing consists of words formed by letters, and sentences made up of words

  VCEALA219 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level BL | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCFRU103

  Understand and use elements of the French grammatical system, including word order, gender and number variation, and present and compound forms of regular and some irregular verbs

  Elaborations

  • using and understanding nouns as core elements of sentence structure
  • using definite and indefinite articles (le, la, l’, les; un, une, des)
  • marking plural forms (le chien/les chiens, une femme/des femmes), including some irregular plural forms (l’œil/les yeux, le nez/les nez)
  • understanding and using the three main conjugations for present tense regular verbs -er, -ir and -re, and the irregular present tense conjugations of the verbs être, avoir, aller and faire
  • understanding that while some adjectives in French follow the noun (un élève intelligent, un match extraordinaire), some precede the noun (une bonne étudiante, une grande maison)
  • understanding that adjectives agree in number and gender with the noun (des élèves intelligents, de bonnes étudiantes) and that des changes to de if the adjective precedes the noun
  • understanding the form and function of subject pronouns je, tu, il, elle, nous, vous, ils and elles, how they determine verb conjugations and substitute for noun subjects (voila le frère de Michel; il est beau, n’est-ce pas?)
  • recognising and using locative prepositions à, en, au, aux and dans when describing where people live (Jean-François habite à Montréal au Canada, ma copine Juliette habite aux Phlippines, la famille Maréchal habite dans une ferme)
  • using the negative ne…pas in simple statements, questions and commands (je n’aime pas l’histoire, tu n’aimes pas le bifteck? ne recommence pas!), recognising substitution of the indefinite article with de in negative sentences (Non, je n’ai pas de frère. J’ai une sœur)
  • understanding three ways of forming a question: a simple declarative sentence with rising intonation (tu as un animal chez toi?), inverting the verb form (as-tu un animal chez toi?), and using est-ce que before a declarative sentence (est-ce que tu as un animal chez toi?)
  • gaining awareness of simple and compound tenses, using le passé composé to recount events that occurred in the past and le futur proche to describe immediate future events (il a regardé la télé, il va regarder la télé)
  • expressing ownership through the use of singular and plural possessive adjectives (mes yeux, ses cheveux, ta mère, ses copains)
  • using the imperative verb mood (mes enfants, soyez sages! va demander à ta mère)
  • recognising the function of irregular verbs such as avoir, être and faire in expressions such as avoir faim, avoir 13 ans and faire beau and as auxiliary verb forms (je suis arrivé, nous avons mangé)
  • recognising the functions of elements such as prefixes and suffixes (désagréable, la camionette, la réorganization) and how word patterns and clusters connect (triste, la tristesse; le marché, le marchand, la marchandise)
  • building metalanguage to talk about grammar and vocabulary (for example, les formes négatives, interrogatives, le futur proche, masculin, féminin, singulier, pluriel), and comparing with equivalent English terms

  VCFRU103 | Languages | French | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCFRU066

  Recognise individual elements of spoken and written words, phrases and non-verbal forms of expression, and notice how they combine to make or to change meaning

  Elaborations

  • recognising the function and form of commonly used morphemes, suffixes and prefixes (for example, la camionette, désordre, désagréable, irrégulier, inacceptable, la danseuse), and collecting groups of words that share a common stem (for example, la bouche, la bouchée; le jardin, jardiner, le jardinage)
  • recognising the impact of non-verbal elements of French expression such as hand gestures to replace words (for example, c’est nul, ça suffit!, quoi encore?), or sounds and facial expressions to reinforce spoken language (for example, oh là là! Aïe! T’as fait quoi?)
  • revising the pronunciation of the alphabet, practising spelling out words and using the correct terms for letters and symbols, for example, g, h, j, w, accent aigu, accent cédille
  • distinguishing vowel sounds, for example by recognising distinctions between nasal vowel sounds (cinq, sympa/manger, entre/dont, des bonbons)

  VCFRU066 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCEALL287

  Build a vocabulary that draws on words of interest, topic words and sight words

  Elaborations

  • following instructions related to labelled items or locations, for example ‘Take out your laptop’, ‘Place your printed work in the “finished” basket’
  • reading sight words in a new text
  • recording words of interest in a personal dictionary or vocabulary book

  VCEALL287 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL207

  Build a vocabulary that draws on words of interest, learnt words and sight words

  Elaborations

  • identifying characters or objects that are represented in both illustrations and written text
  • labelling simple diagrams or pictures using familiar words
  • locating sight words in a familiar text
  • recording words of interest in a simple personal vocabulary book

  VCEALL207 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level BL | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCELA121

  Copy own name and recognise some of the letters within it, and understand that pausing is presented as a full stop in written text

  Elaborations

  • learning that each letter has two symbols, a capital and lowercase symbol
  • recognising the capital letter of their name in other contexts
  • understanding what a full stop looks like
  • locating full stops in text

  VCELA121 | Curriculum content | English | Level D | Writing | Language

• VCELA183

  Understand that a letter can represent more than one sound, and that a syllable must contain a vowel sound

  Elaborations

  • recognising that letters can have more than one sound (for example ‘u’ in ‘cut’, ‘put’, ‘use’ and a in ‘cat’, ‘father’, ‘any’)
  • recognising sounds that can be produced by different letters (for example the /s/ sound in ‘sat’, ‘cent’, ‘scene’)

  VCELA183 | Curriculum content | English | Level 1 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA225

  Recognise that capital letters signal proper nouns and commas are used to separate items in lists

  Elaborations

  • talking about how a comma can be used to separate two or more elements in a list, for example ‘At the museum they saw a tiger, a dinosaur and two snakes’

  VCELA225 | Curriculum content | English | Level 2 | Writing | Language

• VCELY161

  Participate in shared editing of students’ own texts for meaning, spelling, capital letters and full stops

  Elaborations

  • rereading collaboratively developed texts to check that they communicate what the authors intended

  VCELY161 | Curriculum content | English | Foundation Level | Writing | Literacy

• VCJAU159

  Recognise the use of formulaic expressions and textual features in familiar texts such as emails, letters, postcards or telephone conversations

  Elaborations

  • recognising the order for writing the components of the date in Japanese, for example, 年(ねん)、月、日、よう日
  • understanding the significance of features of different types of texts, such as opening and closing emails, letters or phone conversations, for example, ～さんへ、～より、もしもし
  • considering how the composition of texts in different languages reflects cultural values, such as the ordering of information on Japanese ID cards or when kanji or Arabic numerals are used in Japanese texts
  • understanding conventions associated with using げんこうようし、for example, the size of small characters, the position in the square and the placing of punctuation

  VCJAU159 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCEALA039

  Distinguish English script from non-English script

  Elaborations

  • recognising letters of the alphabet and words written in English
  • pointing to words in English in a multilingual text

  VCEALA039 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Reading and Viewing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA226

  Initiate and practise writing tasks

  Elaborations

  • copying words from everyday signs and labels, or practising tracing and writing letters, words or numbers, from charts or an alphabet strip

  VCEALA226 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level BL | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCCCTR004

  Examine words that show reasons and words that show conclusions

  Elaborations

  • asking what happened or was decided ‘in the end’ to show what a conclusion is
  • listening to sentences that show a conclusion and a reason and identifying which words or phrases show each

  VCCCTR004 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Reasoning

• VCEALA121

  Locate words in a bilingual dictionary or in class word lists

  Elaborations

  • referring to a picture or bilingual dictionary to check spelling or meaning of English words
  • locating words on classroom charts and word lists
  • adding to word lists to keep a record of words, spelling, meaning and pronunciation in English and home language

  VCEALA121 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Reading and Viewing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness