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• VCEALL535

  Use basic conjunctions to connect ideas

  Elaborations

  • constructing basic compound sentences using common coordinating conjunctions (such as ‘and’, ‘but’), for example ‘I went to park and play soccer’
  • copying basic time or sequence connectives from a model text, for example ‘first’, ‘next’ or ‘lastly’

  VCEALL535 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level CL | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL444

  Interpret the meaning of written text that uses a range of tenses and negation

  Elaborations

  • identifying the base word and understanding the effect of more complex tense and negation, for example in ‘had not arrived yet’
  • identifying simple passive constructions and comparing them to active constructions, such as ‘We read the book’ and ‘The book was read by our class’
  • transforming sentences from a text into negatives or different tenses

  VCEALL444 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL649

  Use syntactic, logical and cultural cues to work out the meaning of unknown words in a text

  Elaborations

  • using other information in the text, such as syntactical patterns (for example the arrangement of words in sentences ‘The boy jumped happily’ and ‘The boy happily jumped’), consistent use of words and cultural cues to deduce meanings
  • drawing on home language knowledge of culture to deduce meanings of words or phrases

  VCEALL649 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCELA085

  Know that symbols, words and images can communicate needs

  Elaborations

  • making choices through alternative and augmentative communication, sign, symbol and image selection
  • using language to make requests, greet people, convey basic information about themselves and others
  • using image and sentence strip to communicate a need for example I want… to assist in requesting an object
  • using symbols to label an image

  VCELA085 | Curriculum content | English | Level C | Writing | Language

• VCELY230

  Create short imaginative, informative and persuasive texts using growing knowledge of text structures and language features for familiar and some less familiar audiences, selecting print and multimodal elements appropriate to the audience and purpose

  Elaborations

  • learning how to plan spoken and written communications so that listeners and readers might follow the sequence of ideas or events
  • sequencing content according to text structure
  • using appropriate simple and compound sentence to express and combine ideas
  • using vocabulary, including technical vocabulary, appropriate to text type and purpose

  VCELY230 | Curriculum content | English | Level 2 | Writing | Literacy

• English: Level B description

  In Level B, students communicate with peers, teachers and known adults. Opportunities are provided for students to explore English knowledge, understanding, skills and processes through everyday experiences, personal interests and significant events. Students begin to understand that communication...

  Level description | English

• VCEALA146

  Use a range of resources to find words or phrases for own writing

  Elaborations

  • using a range of resources to find words or phrases or to check spelling, such as simple bilingual dictionaries, home language peers, vocabulary lists, classroom texts, spellchecker on a computer or digital device
  • talking to home language peers to explain the word in home language and ask for a translation into English
  • recording the word in home language and English in personal dictionary or vocabulary chart
  • translating word for word from home language to English
  • adapting the translation using English sentence structure

  VCEALA146 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA037

  Participate in shared reading activities

  Elaborations

  • focusing during group reading activities
  • participating with key repetitive phrases or choruses in shared reading activities
  • imitating the pronunciation of the teacher and peers in shared reading activities
  • participating in activities to accompany texts, such as performing actions for a song, following instructions for a simple science activity
  • contributing to shared responses to texts, such as sequencing images in order, matching sentence stems and endings, answering simple questions about ideas in a text

  VCEALA037 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Reading and Viewing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALC113

  Understand information in texts read and viewed in class

  Elaborations

  • demonstrating understanding of simple factual or fictional texts by performing a task, such as following written instructions to plant a seed in a pot, dramatising or drawing parts of a story
  • answering simple questions, indicating true/false statements or sequencing information from a text
  • matching phrases and sentences from the text to images or diagrams showing the same ideas
  • obtaining information from simple diagrams or graphs
  • demonstrating understanding of new texts and responding to them, for example reading along with repetitive sections or predicting what comes next

  VCEALC113 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Reading and Viewing | Communication

• VCEALC137

  Write beyond the immediate environment and beyond known language with support from the teacher

  Elaborations

  • following the structure of model texts, such as the use of a greeting, sequence of events and reflection in a diary
  • altering phrases and sentences modelled in a class text to include personal and imaginative details
  • recounting personal experiences in a blog or diary, based on reading similar texts in class
  • writing imaginative texts adapted from or in response to classroom texts, for example following the same narrative structure, writing about a character in a new setting

  VCEALC137 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Writing | Communication

• VCEALL129

  Recognise a small range of familiar words in different contexts

  Elaborations

  • using previous knowledge to read familiar words and phrases in unfamiliar texts, such as words from a high-frequency word list, and sentence starters such as ‘Once upon a time …’, ‘Today is …’
  • recognising familiar words and collocations, such as ‘the big bad wolf’, in different contexts
  • recognising some common prefixes and suffixes, such as ‘un–’ and ‘–er’, and how they change the meaning of words

  VCEALL129 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL021

  Understand the tense of statements or instructions by using time references

  Elaborations

  • understanding common time references in basic sentences, such as ‘We went yesterday’, ‘Tomorrow we will go’, ‘Now we can eat lunch’
  • matching simple verb tense to time words, such as ‘Yesterday we did …’, ‘Tomorrow we do …’
  • sometimes using inconsistent tense when describing events in the past, present and future, for example ‘We waited and then catch the train’

  VCEALL021 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL075

  Demonstrate some control of basic verb forms

  Elaborations

  • using a range of common action verbs (‘sit’, ‘eat’, ‘play’), sensing verbs (‘want’, ‘like’) and relating verbs (‘be’, ‘have’)
  • controlling simple past tense for common verbs, including some regular verbs (such as ‘played’, ‘liked’) and some common irregular verbs (such as ‘went’, ‘was’, ‘saw’)
  • using inconsistent use of tense within a sentence, for example ‘I went to the park and playing footy’
  • expressing negatives in the most basic forms, for example ‘I no like’

  VCEALL075 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCELA262

  Understand that verbs represent different processes (doing, thinking, saying, and relating) and that these processes are anchored in time through tense

  Elaborations

  • identifying different types of verbs and the way they add meaning to a sentence
  • exploring action and saying verbs in narrative texts to show how they give information about what characters do and say
  • exploring the use of sensing verbs and how they allow readers to know what characters think and feel
  • exploring the use of relating verbs in constructing definitions and descriptions
  • learning how time is represented through the tense of a verb and other structural, language and visual features

  VCELA262 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Writing | Language

• VCELY221

  Read familiar and some unfamiliar texts with phrasing and fluency by combining phonic, semantic, contextual and grammatical knowledge using text processing strategies, including monitoring meaning, predicting, rereading and self-correcting

  Elaborations

  • using prior and learned knowledge and vocabulary to make and confirm predictions when reading text
  • using grammatical knowledge to predict likely sentence patterns when reading more complex narratives and informative texts
  • using knowledge of sound–letter relationships and high-frequency sight words when decoding text
  • monitoring own reading and self-correcting when reading does not make sense, using illustrations, context, phonics, grammar knowledge and prior and learned topic knowledge
  • using grammar and meaning to read aloud with fluency and intonation

  VCELY221 | Curriculum content | English | Level 2 | Reading and Viewing | Literacy

• VCELY329

  Plan, draft and publish imaginative, informative and persuasive print and multimodal texts, choosing text structures, language features, images and sound appropriate to purpose and audience

  Elaborations

  • using research from print and digital resources to gather and organise information for writing
  • selecting an appropriate text structure for the writing purpose and sequencing content according to that text structure, introducing the topic, and grouping related information in well-sequenced paragraphs with a concluding statement
  • using vocabulary, including technical vocabulary, appropriate to purpose and context
  • using paragraphs to present and sequence a text
  • using appropriate grammatical features, including more complex sentences and relevant verb tense, pronoun reference, adverb and noun groups/phrases for effective descriptions

  VCELY329 | Curriculum content | English | Level 5 | Writing | Literacy

• VCELY152

  Read texts with familiar structures and features, practising phrasing and fluency, and monitor meaning using concepts about print and emerging phonic, semantic, contextual and grammatical knowledge

  Elaborations

  • navigating a text correctly, starting at the right place and reading in the right direction, returning to the next line as needed, matching one spoken word to one written word
  • reading aloud with attempts at fluency and intonation
  • attempting to work out unknown words by combining contextual, semantic, grammatical and phonic knowledge
  • predicting what might happen on the basis of experience of this kind of text; at the sentence level predicting the meaning on the basis of syntax and word meaning

  VCELY152 | Curriculum content | English | Foundation Level | Reading and Viewing | Literacy

• VCEALC002

  Respond simply to questions and prompts

  Elaborations

  • recognising familiar question stem words such as ‘Who’, ‘Where’, ‘Do’
  • understanding common or personal questions, for example ‘How old are you?’, ‘What sports do you like?’
  • giving simple responses, such as nodding, ‘yes’, ‘no’, short learnt phrases
  • responding to questions with a single word or phrase but making longer utterances by substituting words in known sentence patterns
  • expanding on basic personal information when prompted, supported and given adequate time, such as ‘My name is ...’, ‘I come from …’
  • borrowing and adapting key words from questions, for example by reordering, as in Teacher: ‘Are you finished, Ali?’ Student: ‘Ali finished’

  VCEALC002 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC087

  Understand key information in a short spoken or multimodal text

  Elaborations

  • identifying familiar words used in a spoken text, such as basic vocabulary, animal names, colours
  • understanding common sentence structures that make connections between ideas, for example ‘I like pets and having fun’
  • using questions to help identify relevant items of information, for example Student 1: ‘What colour was it?’ Student 2: ‘It was blue’
  • pointing to parts of pictures that are mentioned in the text or conversation
  • identifying key points of information from short spoken texts with reduced visual support
  • understanding key information after viewing digital and multimodal texts, such as age-appropriate television shows or movies
  • listening to a story and then retelling or sequencing the story using pictures

  VCEALC087 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALL663

  Link ideas using a range of basic cohesive devices

  Elaborations

  • using an expanding range of coordinating conjunctions (such as ‘and’, ‘but’, ‘so’), for example ‘I caught the bus and then walked to the pool so I could go swimming’
  • using a range of common subordinating conjunctions (such as ‘since’, ‘because’, ‘before’), for example ‘Because it was getting dark, we left before the show finished’
  • creating short chains of reference using pronouns, for example ‘The doctor … she ... her patients …’
  • using pronouns in more complex sentences, although sometimes creating ambiguity, for example ‘Dad found my dog and he was so happy’

  VCEALL663 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features