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• VCEALA658

  Revise text at the word, sentence or whole-text level, based on teacher or peer feedback

  Elaborations

  • responding to feedback at each stage of planning, drafting and editing to make improvements to text structure and language
  • employing a range of strategies to check and correct spelling, for example using the spellchecker function in a software application, dictionaries, word lists

  VCEALA658 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALL082

  Use basic keyboard skills to write personally significant words and simple modelled sentences

  Elaborations

  • locating letters, numbers and common symbols accurately on a keyboard
  • using basic functions of a keyboard, for example using the shift key and space bar
  • typing letters, numbers, symbols and words, copying from a print text
  • typing familiar words, such as own name, without copying

  VCEALL082 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL726

  Use basic knowledge of grammatical features at the sentence level to argue, persuade, describe, classify, explain or instruct

  Elaborations

  • choosing appropriate sentence structure for purpose, for example using imperatives for instructional texts, passive voice for procedural recounts, causal connectives in explanations

  VCEALL726 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL600

  Use single-word subject–verb–object word order in simple sentences and noun–pronoun agreements with few errors

  Elaborations

  • constructing basic sentences using single words for subjects, verbs and objects in the correct order, such as ‘I learn English’, ‘Yesterday we watch video’
  • using noun–pronoun agreement with varied accuracy, for example ‘I like apples’, ‘She like oranges’

  VCEALL600 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL283

  Read sentences that use basic subject, verb and object patterns, where content and vocabulary are familiar

  Elaborations

  • ordering jumbled sentences to create grammatical and logical sentences
  • answering simple questions about sentences, for example Teacher: ‘What did the dog eat?’, Student: ‘The dog ate the bone’

  VCEALL283 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL770

  Recognise and follow complex text connections used to link ideas across sentences and paragraphs

  Elaborations

  • identifying connectives used to link ideas across a text, such as ‘nevertheless’, ‘although’
  • adding a range of conjunctions and connectives to a text to improve cohesion
  • sequencing parts of sentences into a longer cohesive text, using text connectives appropriately

  VCEALL770 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCELA178

  Identify the parts of a simple sentence that represent ‘What’s happening?’, ‘Who or what is involved?’ and the surrounding circumstances

  Elaborations

  • knowing that, in terms of meaning, a basic sentence or clause represents: a happening or a state (verb), who or what is involved (noun group/phrase), and the surrounding circumstances (adverb group/phrase)
  • understanding that a simple sentence expresses a single idea, represented grammatically by a single independent clause (for example 'A kangaroo is a mammal. A mammal suckles its young')

  VCELA178 | Curriculum content | English | Level 1 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA292

  Understand that the meaning of sentences can be enriched through the use of noun groups/phrases and verb groups/phrases and prepositional phrases

  Elaborations

  • creating richer, more specific descriptions through the use of noun groups/phrases (for example, in narrative texts, ‘their very old Siamese cat’; in reports, 'its extremely high mountain ranges')

  VCELA292 | Curriculum content | English | Level 4 | Writing | Language

• VCELA323

  Understand the difference between main and subordinate clauses and that a complex sentence involves at least one subordinate clause

  Elaborations

  • knowing that the function of complex sentences is to make connections between ideas, such as: to provide a reason (for example 'He jumped up because the bell rang.'), to state a purpose (for example 'She raced home in order to confront her brother.'), to express a condition (for example 'It will break if you push it.'), to make a concession (for example 'She went to work even though she was not feeling well.'), to link two ideas in terms of various time relations (for example 'Nero fiddled while Rome burned.')

  VCELA323 | Curriculum content | English | Level 5 | Writing | Language

• VCELA321

  Understand that the starting point of a sentence gives prominence to the message in the text and allows for prediction of how the text will unfold

  Elaborations

  • observing how writers use the beginning of a sentence to signal to the reader how the text is developing (for example 'Snakes are reptiles. They have scales and no legs. Many snakes are poisonous. However, in Australia they are protected')

  VCELA321 | Curriculum content | English | Level 5 | Writing | Language

• VCELA350

  Investigate how complex sentences can be used in a variety of ways to elaborate, extend and explain ideas

  Elaborations

  • knowing that a complex sentence typically consists of a main clause and a subordinate clause
  • knowing that the function of complex sentences is to make connections between ideas, such as: to provide a reason (for example 'He jumped up because the bell rang'); to state a purpose (for example 'She raced home in order to confront her brother'); to express a condition (for example 'It will break if you push it'); to make a concession (for example 'She went to work even though she was not feeling well'); to link two ideas in terms of various time relations (for example 'Nero fiddled while Rome burned')

  VCELA350 | Curriculum content | English | Level 6 | Writing | Language

• VCELA472

  Analyse and evaluate the effectiveness of a wide range of sentence and clause structures as authors design and craft texts

  Elaborations

  • recognising how emphasis in sentences can be changed by reordering clauses (for example, ‘She made her way home because she was feeling ill’ as compared with ‘Because she was feeling ill, she made her way home’) or parts of clauses (for example, ‘The horses raced up from the valley’ as compared with ‘Up from the valley raced the horses’)
  • recognising how the focus of a sentence can be changed through the use of the passive voice (for example compare active, ‘The police had caught the thief.’ with passive ‘The thief had been caught.’)
  • observing how authors sometimes use verbless clauses for effect (for example, ‘And what about the other woman? With her long black eyelashes and red lipstick’)
  • understanding that a sentence can begin with a coordinating conjunction for stylistic effect (for example, ‘And she went on planning to herself how she would manage it’)

  VCELA472 | Curriculum content | English | Level 10 | Writing | Language

• VCELA003

  Experience sentences being used to express ideas and information and responds to different words, sounds and noise

  Elaborations

  • experiencing sentences being communicated in different modes to express ideas, e.g. words, keywords, visuals, or sign
  • turning attention towards the spoken word of a familiar other
  • exploring how noises stop and start and can be long or short
  • tracking images, actions and objects moving horizontally and vertically

  VCELA003 | Curriculum content | English | Level A | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELY268

  Understand the conventions for writing words and sentences using joined letters that are clearly formed and consistent in size

  Elaborations

  • practising how to join letters to construct a fluent handwriting style

  VCELY268 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Writing | Literacy

• VCELY388

  Edit for meaning by removing repetition, refining ideas, reordering sentences and adding or substituting words for impact

  Elaborations

  • using collaborative technologies to jointly construct and edit texts

  VCELY388 | Curriculum content | English | Level 7 | Writing | Literacy

• English: Level 3 achievement standards - Writing

  Students' texts include writing and images to express and develop in some detail experiences, events, information, ideas and characters. They demonstrate understanding of grammar and choose vocabulary and punctuation appropriate to the purpose and context of their writing. They use knowledge letter...

  Level description | English | Level 3 | Writing

• English: Level 4 achievement standards - Writing

  Students use language features to create coherence and add detail to their texts. They make use of their increasing knowledge of phonics, and they understand how to express an opinion based on information in a text. They create texts that show understanding of how images and detail can be used...

  Level description | English | Level 4 | Writing

• English: Level 7 achievement standards - Writing

  Students understand how the selection of a variety of language features can influence an audience. They understand how to draw on personal knowledge, textual analysis and other sources to express or challenge a point of view. They create texts showing how language features, text structures, and...

  Level description | English | Level 7 | Writing

• English: Level 9 achievement standards - Writing

  Students understand how to use a variety of language features to create different levels of meaning. They understand how interpretations can vary by comparing their responses to texts to the responses of others. In creating texts students demonstrate how manipulating language features and images...

  Level description | English | Level 9 | Writing

• English: Level 10 achievement standards - Writing

  Students show how the selection of language features can achieve precision and stylistic effect. They explain different viewpoints, attitudes and perspectives through the development of cohesive and logical arguments. They develop their own style by experimenting with language features, stylistic...

  Level description | English | Level 10 | Writing