Search results

Result list

• VCTRC103

  Exchange views and information on local and global issues, including aspects of their own lives, such as family relationships and responsibilities, education and community

  Elaborations

  • discussing issues that are relevant to this stage of their lives, such as school, peer pressure, the use and impact of social media or the nature of parental expectations, identifying points of agreement or disagreement, for example, Ailem gece dışarı çıkmama izin vermiyor
  • participating in discussions on local issues that they see impacting on their current or future lives, such as environmental change, for example by focusing on questions such as Çevremizi korumak için neler yapmalıyız? Arkadaşlarınla sosyal medyayı nasıl kullanıyorsun?
  • engaging in online discussions with Turkish-speaking students in different contexts on topics of shared interest, such as music, sports, fashion, travel, and comparing their aspirations in terms of personal and professional opportunities, for example, liseyi bitirince Türkiye’de üniversiteye gitmek istiyorum, okulu bitirdikten sonra seyahat etmek istiyorum
  • discussing their responsibilities at home and at school, comparing with those of young people living in Turkey or other Turkish-speaking communities around the world, noting the relative importance of concepts such as Derslerde başarılı olmak, küçük kardeşlere bakmak,Türkçe öğrenmek büyük sorumluluk, aile işyerinde çalışmak
  • developing narrative skills by exchanging accounts of personally significant people, events, influences or milestones in their lives, for example, Türkiye’ye ilk ziyaret, Avustralya’ya geliş, sünnet düğünü, ilk iş görüşmesi, Türk konserine gitmek

  VCTRC103 | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCTRC021

  Locate and organise information in spoken, written and visual texts relating to personal, social and natural worlds

  Elaborations

  • obtaining information from each other and their teacher about likes, dislikes and interests, for example, en sevdiğin hayvanlar, spor, ya da oyun, and presenting findings in formats such as individual/group profiles, charts or graphs
  • recognising key phrases and sentences when viewing/listening to simple community texts such as sports programs or announcements, for example, Gösteri saat 7’de başlayacak, Kapılar bir saat sonar açılacak, Kapıda lütfen biletlerinizi gösterin, spor, takım, sporcular, oyunun kuralları
  • collating information about aspects of Turkey or Australia from texts such as magazines, brochures or maps, for example, Türkiye ve Avustralya’nın haritadaki konumu, bölgeleri, başlıca illeri, iklimi, gölleri, nehirleri ve dağları
  • collecting information from texts such as advertisements, catalogues or menus about products, ranges and prices to create a shared wish list of purchases or future excursions
  • locating information about children’s social activities in different Turkish-speaking regions of the world, drawing comparisons with typically Australian activities and things they do in their own local community context

  VCTRC021 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Informing

• VCASFU144

  Notice that people use language in ways that reflect their culture, such as where and how they live, who they live with and what is important to them

  Elaborations

  • recognising that people from different places and backgrounds may use different languages and have ways of living and communicating that differ from their own
  • appreciating that culture and cultural difference means that people may value different things or live differently, noticing observable examples of such difference, such as ways of greeting (bowing versus shaking hands) or conveying information (through words versus signs)
  • exploring how learning Auslan involves entering into a visual world or culture, for example by exploring different connections with physical space, such as being able to communicate through windows, or from a distance
  • exploring how deaf people live in ways that may be different from how hearing people live, for example by responding to stimulus questions such as How do deaf people ensure they can always see other people who are signing? How do deaf people watch movies or television programs?
  • recognising the importance of facial expression, eye gaze and NMFs in conveying information in a visual-gestural language and culture
  • recognising the importance of community and culture in relation to their own lives and communities and in relation to other language groups and their communities

  VCASFU144 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCTRC096

  Consider the nature of identity and of cultural experience, reflecting on how their linguistic and cultural background contributes to their sense of identity

  Elaborations

  • discussing the nature of identity, including the fact that it is dynamic, changing and involves values and beliefs as well as practices and behaviours
  • reflecting on how their own identity is shaped by and also reflects the experience of living in a multicultural society, using more than one language and identifying with particular language communities
  • considering ways in which different languages offer different ways of thinking about experience, or of ‘reading’ the world; how these different standpoints influence the way meaning is made and how people think about themselves and others
  • discussing how Turkish and Australian cultural influences are reflected in their daily lives, interests, social activities and ways of thinking
  • reflecting on the relationship between language, culture and identity, for example, by identifying experiences that feel different when interacting in Turkish or in English
  • discussing whether their sense of identity changes over time, taking into account changes in language use at home, in school or in the wider and virtual community

  VCTRC096 | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCIDU013

  Recognise questions, commands and simple subject-focus sentences, and develop vocabulary for people, places and things in their personal world

  Elaborations

  • identifying people using pronouns (ibu, ayah, bapak, adik, kakak), referring to pets (anjing, kucing), and using concrete nouns for objects (buku, tas, pintu)
  • describing possession using word order in familiar phrases, for example, nama saya…, ibu saya…
  • greetings and farewelling others, for example, Selamat pagi/siang/sore/ malam, sampai jumpa
  • specifying location using prepositions, for example, di atas, di bawah, di dalam, di belakang
  • describing actions using simple verbs, for example, makan, duduk, minum, suka, tidur
  • interacting using auxiliary verbs, for example, ada, mau, tahu, boleh, bisa
  • understanding different question words and the anticipated answer, for example, siapa? (people), apa? (objects, actions), di mana? (location), berapa? (quantity)
  • using imperatives to tell others to do something, for example, Duduklah, Lipat tangan, Tepuk tangan
  • referring to numbers of things using cardinal numbers (nol-sepuluh puluh, belas)
  • describing the colour, size, shape and character of a person, place or thing using noun–adjective phrases, for example, buku merah, anjing besar, kucing kecil, bapak tinggi, saya pendek, adik lucu
  • joining words or phrases using conjunctions, for example, dan, tetapi
  • referring to things using demonstratives ini and itu, for example, Ini buku merah
  • negating verbs and adjectives using tidak
  • expressing modality, for example, mau, ingin, boleh, bisa

  VCIDU013 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCRAU013

  Recognise questions, commands and simple sentences, and develop vocabulary for people, places and things in their personal world

  Elaborations

  • identifying people using pronouns
  • describing possession in familiar phrases
  • greeting and farewelling others
  • specifying location
  • describing actions using simple verbs
  • understanding different question words and the anticipated answer
  • using imperatives to tell others to do something
  • referring to numbers of things using cardinal numbers
  • describing the colour, size, shape and character of a person, place or thing
  • joining words or phrases using conjunctions
  • using negation

  VCRAU013 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCFRU106

  Understand the dynamic nature of French and other languages

  Elaborations

  • understanding that languages and cultures change continuously due to contact with each other and in response to new ideas and developments in communications and technology (la mondialisation)
  • recognising that the French language continuously borrows and adapts words and expressions from other languages, including English, for example, stop! le football, le sketch, le clown; le sushi, l’origami
  • recognising that many French words are used in English and in other languages (for example, croissant, menu, ballet, chef, chauffeur), and noticing the different vocabulary areas that these words tend to belong to (such as terms relating to food and fashion) and considering possible reasons for this
  • collecting French words used in English (for example, le restaurant, le menu, le chauffeur, le ballet, la pirouette), and comparing how they are pronounced by French or English speakers
  • understanding that some languages are growing and adapting, while others (such as indigenous languages across the world) are endangered, disappearing or reviving, or blending with stronger languages

  VCFRU106 | Languages | French | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCASFC064

  Explore the relationship between identity, community and visual ways of being and the nature and significance of relationship between people, culture and place/space

  Elaborations

  • creating and comparing individual biographies, including elements such as family origins, traditions, beliefs, experiences, and considering how these influence their sense of identity
  • identifying elements of visual awareness in deaf people, such as good observation skills of body language and alertness to hazards in the environment while walking/driving and signing
  • describing how the concept of Deafhood applies to them and to others by evaluating texts and media portrayals of deaf identity
  • discussing visual ways of transmitting and receiving information and how these influence group learning and information sharing among Deaf people
  • exploring how Deaf cultures around the world build shared group identity, for example through gathering formally as national and international communities through activities such as Deaf film festivals, performing arts or sporting events such as Deaf Way, Australian Deaf Games, Deaflympics
  • discussing when and how they learnt Auslan and how this contributed to their sense of identity
  • analysing ways in which Deaf people design and adapt spaces in cultural ways (‘Deaf space’), for example, by eliminating visual obstacles to signed communication; using circles or semicircles for meeting and learning spaces; and using open-plan areas, lighting and window placement to maximise visual access to information, with reference to Gallaudet University’s Deaf space design principles
  • considering how accounts by different deaf visitors to the classroom of their lives, work, education, interests and experience reflect a sense of identity and relationship with Auslan and Deaf culture
  • identifying ways in which members of the Deaf community demonstrate responsibility for relationships within the community and between it and the wider ‘hearing’ society, for example, describing past learning from deaf adults or other deaf peers about navigating relationships
  • investigating and explaining connections between rules, culture and community, identifying how these are demonstrated in Deaf culture through visual ways of being and using language, for example, exploring the values and beliefs which influence observable behaviours and social rules
  • suggesting how reciprocity works in relation to community members sharing responsibility for each other’s wellbeing, comparing examples of how they themselves negotiate relationships with each other and look out for each other
  • exploring the concept of ‘Deaf gain’ and providing examples of how wider society may ‘gain’ from the Deaf community, for example the benefits of captioning for groups such as elderly people or newly arrived migrants
  • describing how the Deaf community maintains Deaf places and keeps them relevant to new generations, for example by acknowledging Deaf pioneers in the naming of places and identifying historical links with places
  • discussing with elders how patterns of ownership and management of Deaf spaces and places impact on the Deaf community
  • describing their experience of moving between English and Auslan, comparing how this feels and considering changes in their sense of identity when communicating in either language
  • sharing their understandings of Deafhood and Deaf gain with Deaf elders and comparing these the elders’ views on these concepts

  VCASFC064 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Identity

• VCLVU193

  Reflect on how ways of using language are shaped by communities’ ways of thinking, behaving and viewing the world, and the role of language in passing on knowledge

  Elaborations

  • explaining the role of Aboriginal languages and cultures in passing on knowledge such as sustainable care of the environment, rules for living, ways of behaving, spiritual and cultural functions and History
  • reflecting on Indigenous taxonomies and the ways they divide the natural and cultural world and comparing these to other systems of classification
  • analysing concepts related to cultural values in Aboriginal languages, including naming systems, for example, the use of kinship terms, nicknames, substitute words and pronoun systems, comparing to ways of referencing relationships in their own language(s) and culture(s)
  • exploring how aspects of traditional culture and society have been preserved through language, and discussing the importance of maintaining Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages, for their speakers and for all Australians
  • analysing and discussing core cultural concepts reflected in Aboriginal languages, such as respect, avoidance, reciprocity, obligation, responsibility
  • understanding that culturally significant attitudes and beliefs conveyed through Aboriginal languages are related to the past, to land, plants and animals and to celebrations
  • identifying and comparing how emotions or attitudes, such as respect, affection or embarrassment, are shown/displayed across different languages and cultures
  • comparing elements of communication such as the role of silence or use/avoidance of eye contact in different cultural contexts and exchanges
  • recognising that there are multiple views on and partial explanations for events and issues
  • reflecting on the ways culture is interpreted by others, for example, by identifying how stereotypes influence perceptions of other groups or individuals
  • understanding that each Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander person inherits language as part of their birthright, along with membership of a particular group and attachment to Country or Place, and that they become custodians and owners of land, water or sea and of language

  VCLVU193 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCLVU149

  Notice that people use language in ways that reflect their culture, such as where and how they live and what is important to them

  Elaborations

  • exploring culture as an essential part of human life, understanding that it is shared and passed on between generations; that it includes observable elements, such as ways of cooking or greeting, symbols such as flags and colours, as well as things that are not observable, such as beliefs and values, people’s ways of thinking about themselves and others and relating to their environment
  • recognising that in each culture there are general rules of what to say and do, when, where and with whom, and that these rules differ from culture to culture
  • recognising that beliefs and behaviours are woven into and expressed through languages, and cannot be separated from them
  • noticing how respect for respected community members and Country/Place is built into the language
  • recognising significant cultural symbols and features in the language, for example, in song, visual design, dance moves
  • recognising that languages encapsulate values held about lands, waters and sky, for example, in expressions and concepts such as Caring for Country

  VCLVU149 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCHIU071

  Recognise the intercultural and multilingual nature of language use in social media and popular culture, considering how this influences aspects of their lives

  Elaborations

  • finding examples of language/behaviours associated with Indian culture that are part of everyday life in Australia, for example, words and expressions associated with religion, yoga, dance, Bollywood, food, sport
  • explaining the influence of Indian language and culture on their ways of communicating in different situations, for example, by creating a glossary of Hindi words and expressions they use when communicating in English or when thinking about themselves and their families
  • investigating different forms and functions of multilingualism in today’s society, for example, by tracking the mixing of languages such as Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi and English in Bollywood scripts and song lyrics, or by creating their own hybrid-language advertisements, songs or raps, for example, Life style से तय होगा car का premium..
  • reflecting on other people’s reactions to their use of Hindi and/or English, considering how perceptions of people’s ways of communicating are shaped by cultural standpoints and perspectives

  VCHIU071 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCASFC172

  Demonstrate understanding of the nature of identity in relation to themselves and to members of the Deaf community

  Elaborations

  • describing key milestones or important influences in their lives, including people, events, experiences, community traditions or travel experiences, explaining how these have helped shape their sense of identity and their perspectives
  • viewing a series of Auslan identity stories, such as those found in the Griffith University Introduction to Deaf Studies Unit 1 set, comparing their own experiences to those described by deaf children and adults in the footage
  • making and sharing ‘hand identity charts’ to illustrate similarities and differences in how students define themselves or may be defined by others, using sketches of signs or gloss in the fingers of the chart and views of others outside the handshape
  • identifying Deaf community identities associated with significant places, such as Martha Overend Wilson and the sites of the former Queensland Adult Deaf and Dumb Mission, or Eugene Salas and the original South Australian Deaf Society/Mission building

  VCASFC172 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Identity

• VCESU017

  Recognise that Spanish is a global language that is spoken in a variety of forms in different communities around the world, including Australia

  Elaborations

  • recognising that Spanish is an important world language spoken in a range of varieties dialects, and variable accents across the Spanish-speaking world, for example, by identifying Spanish-speaking countries or regions on a map of the world
  • understanding the nature of the distribution of Spanish speakers across the world, not only in countries where Spanish is an official language but also in other countries such as the United States or the Philippines where the Spanish language and cultures have an important presence
  • recognising language variation across the Spanish-speaking world in terms of pronunciation, for example, the different pronunciation of the syllables ce and ci (gracias Cecilia)
  • exploring language variation in relation to vocabulary, for example, ‘a computer’ is un ordenador in Spain and una computadora in Latin America; ‘strawberries’ are fresas in Spain and frutillas in Argentina; ‘bus’ is colectivo in Venezuela, omnibus in Peru, camión in Mexico and guagua in Cuba
  • recognising that there is also variation in some grammatical forms, for example, the use of the pronoun vos in several countries in Latin America compared to tú in Spain; the masculine direct object pronoun le/lo in Spain and lo in Latin America
  • recognising differences between standard varieties of Spanish and varying degrees of language blending and influence, for example, Spanglish
  • recognising that many Spanish speakers also speak one or more regional and/or local languages, for example, Catalan or Basque

  VCESU017 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCASFC109

  Describe activities and experiences and share and respond to ideas and feelings about people they know, their daily lives, social worlds and school community

  Elaborations

  • recounting classroom events using indicating, plain and depicting verbs, for example:
    MONDAY PRO1-_plural DS:many-people-go-to SPORT DAY. PRO1 ENJOY
    We all went to a sports day on Monday. I enjoyed it.
  • describing the appearance of people, objects and places using SASS depicting signs and spatial location
  • recounting personal experiences using specific time-related signs and conjunctions, such as:
    LAST HOLIDAYS PRO1 CAMP
    Last holidays I went camping.
  • describing activities they have completed using some verb modifications to show manner, for example:
    PRO1 WRITE-_carelessly
    I wrote it very quickly.
  • interacting with members of the Deaf community to share details of their personal world
  • describing relationships between themselves and members of their school community, for example:
    PRO3 POSS1 BEST FRIEND
    She’s my best friend.
    M-R-S S-M-I-T-H POSS1 SCIENCE TEACHER
    Mrs Smith is my science teacher.
  • recounting events involving more than one person using constructed action
  • describing events that they have experienced and how they made them feel, for example:
    MONDAY DEAF PERSON VISIT SCHOOL PRO1 EXCITED MEET
    On Monday a Deaf visitor came to school. I was excited to meet them.
    MOVIE SCARY BUT PRO1 LIKE
    The movie was scary but I liked it.
  • comparing attributes or characteristics of classmates or classroom objects, for example:
    S-A-M RUN FAST C-H-R-I-S WORSE FAST SPEED
    Sam runs fast but Chris runs the fastest.
    THAT BEST COMPUTER
    That’s the best computer.
    
  • comparing weekend or holiday routines, interests and activities, using signs associated with time, sequence and location, for example:
    REGULAR SUMMER PRO1-_plural GROUP-MOVE-TO COUNTRY STAY++ TWO WEEK
    We go to the beach for three weeks in summer.
    WEEKEND PRO1 GO-TO-AND-BACK++ CAMP
    I go camping on weekends.
    

  VCASFC109 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCKOU208

  Explore how language shapes thoughts and world views and mobilises action

  Elaborations

  • collecting examples that show the reciprocal relationship between language and culture, drawing on areas of interest including other learning areas
  • comparing and discussing the examples collected and relating them to Korean language and culture, for example, how the creation of Hangeul in the 15th century has continued to impact on Korean language and culture up until now
  • reflecting on how world views of a culture are reflected in and shaped by the way people use everyday language, for example, different ways to answer negative questions between Korean and English (숙제를 안 했어요? 아니요, 했어요 / 네, 안 했어요), or different perspectives involved in the use of 가다 /오다 and ‘go/come’ (파티에갈 거예요. 나하고 같이 가겠어요?; 빨리 올래요? 지금 가요!)
  • understanding how language influences people’s actions and beliefs, for example, by analysing language used in community appeals in response to natural disasters

  VCKOU208 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCASFU018

  Understand that people use language in ways that reflect their culture, such as where and how they live, who they live with and what is important to them

  Elaborations

  • recognising that people from different places and backgrounds may use different languages and have ways of living and communicating that differ from their own
  • appreciating that culture and cultural difference means that people may value different things or live differently, and noticing observable examples of such difference, such as ways of greeting (bowing versus shaking hands) or conveying information (through words versus signs)
  • exploring how hearing people live in ways that may be different from how deaf people live, for example by responding to stimuli such as: Compare how deaf and hearing people know someone is at the front door. or How do deaf and hearing people wake up in the morning?
  • recognising the importance of facial expression, eye gaze and non-manual features in conveying information in a visual-gestural language and culture
  • recognising the importance of language, community and culture in relation to their own lives and in relation to other language groups and their communities
  • considering how some spaces make deaf people feel comfortable, for example, contexts where distance between signers allows for easy visual access

  VCASFU018 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCDEC123

  Obtain and process information from peers and texts related to personal, social and natural worlds

  Elaborations

  • gathering information about a fellow student or German speaker relating to family, home, interests and abilities, and compiling the information in a modelled format, such as Steckbrief
  • obtaining information about lifestyles in German-speaking countries (homes, schools, climate, pets, geography) from shared and independent reading of simple digital texts
  • collecting information about different animal species (Haustiere, Wildtiere, Waldtiere, australische Tiere), and creating a display with names and appropriate adjectives, for example, Der Löwe ist mutig und stark.
  • identifying points of information in short spoken texts with some unfamiliar language, for example, the name and number on a recorded phone message, the age of a child interviewed, some items on a recorded shopping list
  • comparing information about activities and practices across cultures, for example, reading, viewing or listening to texts related to aspects of school life such as timetables, canteen menus, extracurricular activities and sports
  • working in groups to obtain and use factual information from texts related to other learning areas, for example, completing a simple science experiment, naming countries and significant land features, or recording distances using geography skills

  VCDEC123 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Informing

• VCDEC140

  Gather, compare and respond to information from different sources relating to social and natural worlds

  Elaborations

  • collecting and comparing information from a range of informative print media and digital texts on topics related to social and environmental issues, for example, family life, schooling in different cultural contexts, endangered animals, or innovative technology
  • obtaining information from simple texts such as advertisements or features in teen magazines to share impressions of the lifestyles of young German speakers in different contexts
  • viewing subtitled video clips on different German-speaking communities, identifying key facts and features, and recording new vocabulary and expressions for use in shared texts
  • compiling information from a survey of peers and adults on social behaviours and reporting on results, for example, mode of transport to school/work (zu Fuβ, mit dem Rad/Bus/Auto) and how environmentally friendly it is, or preferred modes of communication (Hast du ein Handy? Wie oft telefonierst/simst du? Wie oft schaust du einen YouTube clip an?)
  • viewing a news item or short documentary about a festival in a German-speaking country, such as die Basler Fasnacht or Karneval in Köln, describing and giving an opinion on the main aspects, for example, Ich finde die Fasnacht in Basel super. Ich mag die Masken und die Musik. Aber ich möchte nicht um 4 Uhr aufstehen.

  VCDEC140 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Informing

• VCDEC124

  Present information in modelled spoken and written texts relating to personal, social and natural worlds

  Elaborations

  • introducing family members and friends, identifying relationships and cultural backgrounds (Das ist mein Opa. Er kommt aus China.), using simple descriptive language and supporting resources to enhance meaning
  • collecting information about one another’s likes, dislikes or interests, using checklists, surveys or question cues to present a class profile, chart or database, for example, Lieblingstiere, Lieblingssport, Lieblingsserie, Lieblingsmusik
  • selecting information gained from print, visual or digital texts to design a class book or digital display, for example, details of animals and their habitats and/or food from a zoo website or a children’s documentary film about wild animals (Der Affe wohnt im Dschungel)

  VCDEC124 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Informing

• VCFRC022

  Locate specific points of information in different types of texts relating to social and natural worlds

  Elaborations

  • collecting information about different animal species (for example, les insectes, les animaux domestiques/sauvages), and creating a display with names and appropriate adjectives, for example, la fourmi — minuscule; le lion — féroce
  • listening to short spoken texts with some unfamiliar language, identifying points of information, for example, the name and number on a recorded phone message, the age of a child interviewed, some items on a recorded shopping list
  • locating information relating to school activities in a French context (for example, l’emploi du temps, la lecture, l’orthographe, le vocabulaire, les mathématiques) and comparing with own daily schedule
  • ‘finding French’ at home or in the community to create collections or displays, for example, French words used in English language advertisements, shop signs, recipe books or menus

  VCFRC022 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Informing