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• VCLAE018

  Respond to Latin texts by analysing themes, values and literary features, such as plot development and characterisation, and sharing and justifying opinions

  Elaborations

  • reading Latin texts and responding to questions in English to demonstrate understanding of content, context, purpose and technique
  • exploring how language is used to reveal character, values and key messages in texts such as narratives, dialogues, plays, poems and letters, for example, Cena Trimalchionis; odi et amo
  • discussing epic plots and characters, such as the Aeneid, for example, debating significant events and the author’s purpose
  • analysing plot development in texts such as plays and stories, discussing literary features, for example, use of comic episode, plot twist, climax, resolution
  • interpreting how particular stylistic effects are created, such as emphasis, doubt, irony or supposition, for example, sine dubio, satis constat, ut mihi videtur
  • analysing how writers use language features to achieve particular aesthetic, humorous or persuasive purposes and effects, for example, diminutives such as puellula or homuncule
  • evaluating the effectiveness of texts, by considering the use of stylistic features, for example, simile, metaphor, personification or pathos, for particular purposes, such as to entertain or persuade

  VCLAE018 | Languages | Latin | Levels 9 and 10 | Engaging with texts | Responding to texts

• VCLAE001

  Read, comprehend and discuss Latin texts, using vocabulary, grammar and textual cues, to explore the Roman world

  Elaborations

  • developing an initial sense of the structure and content of texts by inferring meaning from textual cues, for example, titles, headings, images or captions to images, maps
  • listening to simple sentences in Latin to infer meaning, using aural cues such as ecce; olim; cur; ubi; euge; eheu
  • determining the general sense of texts through initial holistic reading, by identifying familiar people, vocabulary, places or topics, and recognising modern editors’ use of punctuation to guide readers
  • analysing sentences, identifying and explaining the function of inflected forms, for example, puella canem vocat (subject + object + verb) or Aemilia est soror mea (subject + verb + complement)
  • identifying and discussing linguistic features in narratives, such as word order, use of the interrogative particle, striking word choice, for example, media in via; venitne; ululavit; iratissimus
  • interpreting and commenting on language choices, such as patterns and length of simple and compound sentences, use of direct speech or imagery, for example, the writer’s choice of a dramatic verb to make an action more vivid, as in in atrium volat rather than in atrium intrat
  • exploring social, contextual and cultural references embedded in texts, for example, patronus, cliens; civis; patria potestas; bulla; toga praetexta; mehercle!
  • interpreting stated and implied meanings in texts and supporting an opinion with evidence from the Latin, such as relationships between characters, for example, servi dominum timent; ancilla servum delectat

  VCLAE001 | Languages | Latin | Levels 7 and 8 | Engaging with texts | Accessing the Roman world through Latin texts

• VCFRU067

  Understand and control additional elements of French grammar such as compound tenses, irregular and reflexive verb forms, verb moods and modalities

  Elaborations

  • increasing control of the conjugation of regular verbs in le présent and le passé composé and of high-frequency irregular verbs such as avoir, être, faire, devoir, vouloir, savoir
  • recognising and using idiomatic expressions such as those using avoir, for example, avoir soif, avoir sommeil, avoir peur
  • understanding the form and function of reflexive verbs, for example, il se lève très tard, nous nous promenons chaque soir, je veux m’asseoir à côté de toi
  • extending knowledge of negative constructions such as ne…plus, ne…rien, ne…jamais, ne…que..
  • using le passé composé and le futur proche
  • understanding how to use modal verb forms to express possibility, obligation and ability (for example, je peux m’imaginer…, il doit partir demain), and impersonal expressions such as il faut… and on…
  • learning to use direct object pronouns in conjunction with the present tense, for example, je t’écoute, elle les mange tous les jours!
  • continuing to build a metalanguage to describe grammatical concepts and to organise learning resources, for example, verb charts, vocabulary lists and groups of pronouns, adverbs and adjectives

  VCFRU067 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCTRC059

  Translate and interpret short texts from Turkish into English and vice versa, comparing versions and considering how to explain elements that involve cultural knowledge or understanding

  Elaborations

  • identifying language associated with cultural categories such as aile hayatı, kıyafetler or batıl inançlar encountered when translating short texts from Turkish into English, noticing when expressions require explanation as well as translation
  • paraphrasing words or expressions that require cultural knowledge of events such as bayram or personal celebrations, such as sünnet and kına gecesi, noting the dangers of literal translation, for example, çay, kahve alır mısın? instead of çay, kahve içer misin?
  • translating short excerpts of folktales, stories, songs or plays into English, demonstrating how cultural elements cannot be translated literally, for example, the opening rhymes of Bir varmış, bir yokmuş; vocabulary such as Evvel zaman içinde, kalbur saman içinde, pireler berber, develer tellâl iken ben anamın beşiğini tıngır mıngır sallar iken; or the closing ryhmes of stories such as Gökten üç elma düşmüş, biri masalı anlatana, biri dinleyene, biri de bütün iyi insanlara
  • comparing translations of fairytales such as Snow White, Little Red Riding Hood and Cinderella into Turkish, noticing challenges related to the use of tenses, such as -miş’li Geçmiş Zaman, to vocabulary equivalence and to the translation of cultural elements
  • comparing their own translations of short texts with those of their classmates, then comparing both to versions produced by digital or electronic translators, discussing reasons for variations and discrepancies
  • interpreting for a guest speaker to their class or wider school community, explaining cultural references and reflecting on their significance in terms of effective intercultural communication
  • identifying and interpreting examples of colloquialisms, slang and idioms typically used by young people, such as fırça çekmek, tuzlu, kafa ütülemek, cebi delik

  VCTRC059 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCTRC086

  Interact with peers and teacher to socialise, exchange information and opinions, talk about personal worlds

  Elaborations

  • using simple greetings relevant to the time of day, context or relationship, for example, Merhaba! Günaydın! Tünaydın! İyi günler! İyi akşamlar! İyi geceler! Hoşça kal! Güle güle! Hoş geldiniz! Hoş bulduk!, noticing differences between how they greet different people, such as teachers or family members, for example, Merhaba Ayşe! Nasılsın? Günaydın öğretmenim! Siz nasılsınız?
  • offering and responding to general wishes such as Afiyet olsun! Elinize sağlık! Teşekkür ederim. Bir şey deği! Çok yaşa! Sen de gör! and to wishes associated with significant events in their community such as Bayramınız kutlu olsun! Mutluluklar dilerim. Kınan kutlu olsun!
  • composing written or digital texts, such as emails, cards, letters or text messages, to invite, congratulate or thank someone, for example, Lütfen buyurun! Davetlisiniz. Gözün aydın! Güle güle oturun! Hayırlı ve uğurlu olsun! Tebrikler! Teşekkür ederim
  • describing and comparing accounts of social activities or special community celebrations or events, for example, Cumhuriyet Bayraminda ben şiir okudum, Ramazan Bayramında dedem bana harçlık verdi
  • talking about themselves and their families and expressing likes, dislikes and preferences, for example, Arkadaşlarımla sinemaya gitmeyi severim, Suyu gazoza tercih ederim
  • participating in online exchanges with sister schools in Turkey or other Turkish-speaking contexts, asking and answering questions about studies, interests and daily routines, for example, Kaçıncı sınıftasın? En sevdiğin ders hangisi? Okuldan sonra futbol oynuyorum, Akşamları saat onda yatıyorum, Cumartesileri bağlama kursuna gidiyorum
  • describing and comparing with others aspects of their cultural and communicative worlds, including the use of different languages at home, at school and in their social lives, and their involvement in different activities, for example, aile yaşamı, düğünler, spor, bayramlar, misafirperverlik

  VCTRC086 | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCTRU099

  Identify features that characterise different types of texts in Turkish, comparing them with similar texts in English

  Elaborations

  • comparing features of different types of texts encountered in and out of school, considering differences in structure, layout, language features and register; for example, the use of imperatives and instructional language in recipes or directions; expressive language and rhythm in poetry or song lyrics; the use of abbreviations and emoticons in text messaging
  • identifying characteristic elements of texts associated with national, religious or cultural events, such as festivals or weddings, for example, formulaic and respectful language such as bayramınız kutlu olsun, Allah analı babalı büyütsün, Allah mesut etsin, Allah kavuştursun, comparing with typical elements or features of equivalent texts in English
  • identifying differences between spoken and written forms of familiar text types, such as invitations, apologies or greetings, noticing variations in grammar, structure and cohesion, for example, sizleri de aramızda görmekten mutluluk duyarız, mutlaka gelin, affınızı rica ederim, çok üzgünüm
  • comparing features of texts that share a purpose but use different modes of communication, for example, by explaining how and why a text message is different to a phone call, or a puppet show to a written story
  • recognising conventions relating to structure and composition in Turkish poetry, for example, by identifying patterns of rhythm, rhyme, repetition and meter in poems by Orhan Veli Kanık, Yunus Emre
  • selecting excerpts of favourite comedy routines or cartoons to demonstrate how creative and performative texts use imagery, satire and expression to create mood, tap into emotions and engage and entertain an audience
  • developing metalanguage to talk about texts, for example, by referring to textual elements such as structure, mood, register, and by identifying features of text types, for example, mektuba hitap ile başlanır, elektronik mesajda kısaltmalar kullanılır

  VCTRU099 | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCTRU046

  Understand the relationships between intonation and stress in Turkish, and apply this understanding to their own written and spoken language and meaning-making

  Elaborations

  • recognising differences in the pronunciation of long and short vowels with and without accent, and understanding that the length of a vowel and accent can change meaning, as in hala-hâlâ, and palatalise the previous consonant, as in kar-kâr
  • understanding sound assimilation, for example, how in words ending in k, the k softens to become yumuşak g (soft g), ğ before suffixes starting with a vowel, for example, kulak – kulağıma, küçük-küçüğüm
  • understanding how to use emphasis to enhance meaning, for example, using high-pitch tone and primary stress at the end of words, as in gel′dim ya!
  • understanding how stress is usually placed on the last syllable in Turkish, except in the case of some question words, compounds and place names, such as ′Ankara, ′Türkiye but Bulgaris′tan, Gürcis′tan, ′hangi, ′niçin
  • applying the principles of vowel harmony and sound assimilation of consonants and grammatical knowledge to the spelling and writing of unfamiliar words, for example, suffixes such as -cı, kapkaççı, bankacı, yolcu, oduncu, examples of sound assimilation, sokak+-da = sokakta, süt+-de = sütte, kebap+-cı = kebapçı, simit+-ci = simitçi
  • noticing the pronunciation of loan words, including vowels and consonant clusters, for example, plaj, spor, tren
  • recognising the effect of non-verbal language and tone in reinforcing meaning in spoken Turkish, for example, Buyrun! Vay be! Mahvoldum ya!, İnanmıyorum! Git yaa! Eeee, başka? Hadi be! Öf ya!

  VCTRU046 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCFRU035

  Know that French is an important global language used by communities in many countries around the world and that it has connections with several other languages

  Elaborations

  • knowing that French is spoken in many regions of the world (for example, le Québec, le Sénégal, le Maroc, la Suisse, le Monaco, la Nouvelle Calédonie), with different accents and dialects
  • understanding that French has close connections to other languages which have shared histories and many similar words, for example, English, French, Italian and Spanish (‘the bank’, la banque, la banca, el banco; ‘art’, l’art, l’arte, el arte)
  • identifying ways in which French language and culture influence the lives of Australians

  VCFRU035 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCITC040

  Take action, make shared decisions and organise shared experiences

  Elaborations

  • participating in taking action in relation to care of the environment, or class rules and routines, for example, Butta la carta nel contenitore giallo. Aiuta i bambini della prima ad attraversare la strada. Voi due, create il poster
  • discussing projects as a whole class, for example, Cosa possiamo riciclare? Come possiamo diminuire l’inquinamento intorno alla scuola? Come possiamo rendere più sicura la strada da casa a scuola?

  VCITC040 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCLAE002

  Convey information and ideas about the daily life and attitudes of the Romans, in oral, written and digital forms, using Latin as appropriate

  Elaborations

  • gathering, collating and presenting information about daily routine in the Roman world, such as posters or digital displays about family life, education, food, hygiene, exercise, with annotations in English or words and simple phrases in Latin
  • reading stories about the daily lives of ancient Romans, and recreating their everyday experiences, for example, through role play or an imaginative animated cartoon
  • comparing details from different sources about where Roman people lived, such as in tenements or houses, or on country estates, for example, through dioramas or drawings, with labels in English or Latin, and discussing what they reveal about different lifestyles in the Classical period
  • researching the purpose and function of spaces in a Roman home, such as in a domus or a villa, for an oral or digital presentation, using labels in English and Latin, for example, vestibulum, atrium, triclinium, cubicula, peristylium
  • examining artefacts from the Roman period, such as those from Pompeii, and discussing what they reveal about the everyday lives of Romans
  • collating and sharing information online about Roman engineering and infrastructure, such as roads, aqueducts, cloaca maxima
  • researching the attitudes of Romans revealed in Graeco-Roman myths and legends and acting out stories, such as Romulus and Remus, or Hercules’ labours, to convey these attitudes
  • gathering and creating a class bank of information from texts about Roman religious beliefs and practices, for example, Olympian deities, Lares et Penates, special festivals such as the Liberalia and the Vestalia
  • reading accounts of historical events, such as Pliny’s eyewitness account of the eruption of Vesuvius, and presenting information in new ways, for example, creating and recording own news report or documentary, making comparisons between Pliny’s account and an online reconstruction of the eruption

  VCLAE002 | Languages | Latin | Levels 7 and 8 | Engaging with texts | Accessing the Roman world through Latin texts

• VCLAU028

  Identify how cultural values, attitudes and beliefs of the Romans are embedded in their language

  Elaborations

  • discussing Roman values that are embedded in language, such as pietas, virtus, hospitium, fides
  • understanding how language and cultural practices are interconnected, for example, by explaining religious origins or connotations associated with words and expressions such as the polite command in the English RIP (‘rest in peace’) and the use of the more prayerful subjunctive in the Latin requiescat in pace
  • investigating the importance of Latin to personal status in the Roman world, as a means to social, economic and political advancement
  • examining language that reveals information about Roman government and administration, such as res publica, senatus, comitia, consul, dictator, princeps, census, and references in texts to public service, justice and the court system
  • discussing language that reveals the importance of public spaces and buildings in ancient Rome, for example, forum, temples, theatres
  • explaining references in texts to amphitheatres, gladiatorial combat, Circus Maximus, ‘bread and circuses’ and understanding the important place of entertainment in the Roman world
  • explaining the importance of religion to the Romans, with reference to concepts such as Lares et Penates, household genius, the worship of local gods at shrines, vestal virgins, cult of the Emperor
  • researching and discussing political and cultural influences in and on the works of leading writers, such as Cicero, Horace, Virgil, Livy, for example, mos maiorum; pax Romana
  • exploring the formal language that Romans used for greetings, or responding to the challenges of public life, such as ave, plurimas gratias, di immortales, and making comparisons with own language use in formal contexts
  • reflecting on how language, texts and artefacts provide a means of understanding the social and cultural practices of the Romans and how they conceptualised their world

  VCLAU028 | Languages | Latin | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCFRC009

  Create simple print or digital texts that use both French and English, such as labels, word banks, wall charts or ID cards

  Elaborations

  • collecting French and English words that are similar or identical and have the same meaning but are pronounced differently, for example, la police, la table, la routine, six
  • designing and using bilingual fiches personnelles with identifying details supplied in both languages, for example, nom, prénom(s), ȃge, mes amis sont…, j’habite…, j’aime…
  • writing captions in French and in English for a photographic display to record a class event or experience such as sports day, school camp or pets day
  • making own bilingual picture dictionaries with captions, stickers and simple descriptions to explain culture-specific terms such as la bise, le goûter or la rentrée

  VCFRC009 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Translating

• VCITC006

  Give factual information about known people, everyday objects, family celebrations and personal experiences

  Elaborations

  • giving descriptive information using simple structures, for example, È la mia mamma. La mia mamma è alta. È il cane. L’uccello ha il becco
  • identifying the main idea or describing an event based on images, for example, naming what they see (la festa, la scuola, lo zoo, la spiaggia, l’estate, il picnic)
  • participating in ‘show and tell’, for example, Questa è la mia bambola. Si chiama Teresa
  • sequencing pictures to describe events, guided by the teacher
  • describing aspects of their immediate world by drawing and writing captions, such as:
    
    • people, for example, Ecco la mamma/mio fratello; É la mamma, Mario è il mio amico
      
    • objects, for example, Ho dieci matite. Ho la bambola, Si chiama Belinda
      
    • family celebrations, for example, Oggi è il compleanno della nonna. Tanti auguri, nonna!
      
    • places, for example, La casa di Tina è grande

  VCITC006 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Informing

• VCLAU013

  Recognise that the language of the Romans provides insights into their daily lives, ideas, feelings and attitudes

  Elaborations

  • investigating connections between language and significant cultural attitudes, for example, discussing how the terms civis, libertus, servus relate to rights of citizens
  • exploring and discussing language use that reflects social structure in ancient Rome, for example, pater familias, patronus/cliens relationships, matrona; Julia = daughter of Julius
  • exploring references in texts to life at home, daily bathing, dining and entertainment, such as public spectacles, and discussing the importance of family and social life to the Romans
  • recognising language that reflects the nature and use of private spaces, such as domus, villa, atrium, hortus, insula
  • understanding the importance of religion and festivals in Roman society, for example, by examining references in texts to worship of the Olympian gods, or festivals such as Saturnalia
  • considering the impact of stories about major early Roman heroes on the formation and transmission of Roman values, for example, Cloelia helping the kidnapped girls to escape, Horatius guarding the bridge
  • discussing the influence on Romans of myths and legends, as represented in their literature and visual arts such as sculpture and mosaics, for example, Romulus and Remus, Aeneas, Hercules
  • exploring the colloquial language that Romans used, such as salvete; gratum; licet

  VCLAU013 | Languages | Latin | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCITC045

  Share and compare opinions about ideas in imaginative texts

  Elaborations

  • comparing cultural concepts and messages expressed in stories and song lyrics, for example, La domenica mangiano la pizza. La famiglia fa la passeggiata in piazza; Le famiglie fanno molte cose insieme
  • exploring the sequence of events in texts by creating a storyboard
  • relating what they read or view to their own life experiences, for example, asking what the author means by writing: La mia squadra è ‘forte’ ma la tua è ‘finita’, and considering how important sport is in their own life for example, È motto importante , È importantissimo. Per me è/non è importante perché ….
  • noticing and describing commonalities and differences in experiences and ideas of particular characters and aspects of their own daily life, such as in the Bambini di tutti i colori story, for example, In Italia, il pranzo è più … Mi piace di più lo stile di vita … Anch’ io … Sono d‛accordo

  VCITC045 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Creating

• VCLAU009

  Acquire and build vocabulary by using roots, derivatives and word lists, and use dictionaries to select appropriate meanings of Latin words

  Elaborations

  • developing own and class lists of vocabulary related to texts and topics, such as daily life in ancient Rome, for example, thermae, caldarium; magister, ludus
  • creating a class bank of words that are frequently used, for example, tamen; alii … alii …; eheu!, and common expressions used in everyday activities, for example, salvete; ludere volo
  • practising vocabulary knowledge, for example, by using online tools such as drills
  • using print and electronic dictionaries to locate the appropriate meanings of words
  • understanding that one Latin word may correspond to several different English words and selecting the most appropriate meaning of a word in its context
  • developing strategies for vocabulary building by applying knowledge of roots, for example, ager/agricola and derivatives, for example, agriculture
  • building vocabulary by recognising Latin words commonly used in English, for example, exit, video, arena

  VCLAU009 | Languages | Latin | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCLAU024

  Expand vocabulary by using a range of strategies, including knowledge of roots, cognates and derivatives, and use dictionaries to determine the meaning of unfamiliar vocabulary in specific contexts

  Elaborations

  • developing vocabulary lists pertinent to particular reading, for example, military words, philosophical words, poetic words
  • using a dictionary to investigate how vocabulary choices in Latin and English can express shades of meaning
  • extrapolating knowledge of word origins and roots to interpret unfamiliar vocabulary, for example, aedificium: aedifico; rex, regis: regulus
  • extending vocabulary through word-building from Latin roots, for example, caelum + colo: caelicolae, and from derivatives, for example, celestial
  • building vocabulary by recognising English words derived from supines, for example, ‘mission’ from missum
  • identifying and interpreting compound words, for example, ‘prefect’ from prae + factum
  • recognising common patterns of vowel change to identify words from the same root, for example, capere: -cip (recipere)
  • expanding vocabulary by using connections between conceptually related words, for example, pius, impius, pietas

  VCLAU024 | Languages | Latin | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCITC060

  Participate in transactions related to purchasing goods and services, such as buying clothing and tickets and evaluating ‘value for money’

  Elaborations

  • participating in real and imagined transactions and negotiating when shopping or ordering, for example, Quanto costa il biglietto per …? Preferisco viaggiare in seconda classe. Posso? Vorrei vedere l’ultimo modello della Nokia. I pantaloni vanno bene; la camicia è larga, c’è la taglia più piccola? Costa troppo! Che affare!
  • participating in role-plays to purchase goods and services, demonstrating understanding of shopping etiquette in Italy

  VCITC060 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCITU051

  Develop pronunciation and intonation of Italian-specific sounds

  Elaborations

  • learning to pronounce double consonants, for example, la mattina, il cappello, la piazza, fa freddo
  • learning to pronounce z and t sounds
  • understanding that there are both grave, for example è and acute for example, perché accents and learning to insert these into their work electronically

  VCITU051 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCITC026

  Listen to, view and read a range of imaginative texts for children, and discuss messages and impressions

  Elaborations

  • experiencing different types of children’s texts (for example, Lo Zecchino d’Oro, video clips on Suonolandia and RAI Junior); appreciating elements of humour and drama, use of sound effects, and facial expressions; and responding to the characters and events depicted in the texts, for example, È strano, È buffo. La storia parla di …, La canzone parla di
  • presenting the Pinocchio and La Pimpa stories and commenting on the characters, discussing reasons and consequences (for example, è disobbediente); writing messages to their favourite character in a story or children’s television program, for example, Mi piace/non mi piace la canzone/il quadro. Il documentario è interessante.
  • sharing feelings and ideas about texts (for example, La storia/canzone parla di …e di … Non mi piace …) and making connections between their own experiences and those of characters and places encountered in creative stories or images
  • experimenting with voice to animate characters and using movement/drama to give expression to events in texts, for example, acting out scenes from a story, taking the role of a character

  VCITC026 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Creating