Search results

Result list

• VCZHC036

  Locate key points in written informative texts, summarising the points to report to known audiences

  Elaborations

  • locating key information in texts such as timetables, calendars, brochures or advertisements, using clues such as organisation of content, for example, 星期一，星期二 etc. listed on the top row of a timetable
  • reading familiar texts, such as shopping catalogues, understanding key phrases such as 八折, and working out the final price of an item
  • recognising markers of time (for example, 第二天) in a sequence of events to monitor information flow and assist with reading for overall meaning
  • creating a poster to convey information to Chinese peers (for example, about a local city or popular tourist site) with pictures, maps, data, words and sentences
  • selecting from word lists to create informative texts such as signs, slogans and notices, using electronic tools such as a digital dictionary to extend own expression

  VCZHC036 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Informing

• VCZHU090

  Recognise the tone-syllable nature of the spoken language, discriminate use of tones, rhythm, and sound flow in interactions, and use Pinyin to support learning the spoken language

  Elaborations

  • exploring key features of Chinese phonology, examining the range of sounds and recognising how spoken syllables and tones are represented in Pinyin, by spelling words in Pinyin, or reading aloud words and sentences in Pinyin with attention to pronunciation, tone and phrasing
  • differentiating between sounds and tones when listening to or producing spoken Chinese, for example, distinguishing between 我买 / 我卖东西, or between 庄 (zhuang) and 专 (zhuan)
  • recognising and discriminating between homonyms in Chinese (for example, shì — 是 and 室), relying on context to assist understanding, and differentiating syllables with different tones, for example, shì (是) and shí (十)

  VCZHU090 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCARC005

  Convey and present ideas and information obtained from different sources relating to home, school, leisure and interests

  Elaborations

  • describing personal possessions and classroom items using simple sentences, for example,

    حقيبتي كبيرة وثقيلة؛ صفي صغير وجميل؛ طاولة المعلمة غير مرتبة؛ النافذة في الصف مكسورة؛ عندنا لوح ذكي جديد في الصف؛ صديقي وليد يجلس معي

  • reporting on information gathered from peers using simple structures such as

    وليد لا يحب الرياضيات ولا القراءة؛ عند فادية أخ صغير في المدرسة؛ فاطمة تسكن في شقة؛ مازن يحب الديناصورات

  • contributing to a class photo story, such as by writing or reading aloud captions to own photos and other aspects of personal information, for example,

    هذه أنا عندما كان عمري أربع سنوات؛ كان شعري طويلاً؛ هذا مازن؛ كان يبكي في الصباح؛ على حقيبتي صورة أميرة؛ هاني يحب أفلام الحركة؛ هذه أنا أكتب الحروف؛ هذا شادي يشاهد التلفاز؛ هذه عبير تشرب العصير

  • using simple sentence structures, familiar vocabulary and supporting resources to describe immediate environment, family members and friends, and discussing relationships and personal information relating to own background and experiences, for example,

    وليد عنده ثلاث أخوات وأخ صغير؛ يسكن وليد في منطقة ريفية في بيت كبير مع عائلته؛ جاء وليد من مصر عندما كان عمره أربع سنوات؛ يحب وليد بيته وعائلته كثيراً

  • creating a class book, visual/digital display or collection related to a school excursion or camp
  • presenting information in spoken or written form about own and peers` leisure activities, describing experiences and expressing feelings, for example,

    ألعب كرة القدم جيداً؛ أسبح بمهارة؛ اقرأ بطلاقة؛ ألعب الألعاب الإلكترونية كثيراً؛ سمير يلعب التنس

    عندما أعزف الموسيقى أشعر بالفرح؛ بالحزن؛ بالملل؛ بالنشاط؛ بالسعادة؛ أحب الرسم

  VCARC005 | Languages | Arabic | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCARC107

  Share information obtained from different sources, including online and digital sources, by listing, tabulating or sequencing information and using illustrations and gestures to support meaning

  Elaborations

  • creating short texts to label and describe personal possessions and objects in the classroom using simple sentences, for example,

    حقيبتي كبيرة وثقيلة؛ صفي صغير وجميل؛ طاولة المعلمة غير مرتبة؛ النافذة في الصف مكسورة؛ عندنا لوح ذكي جديد في الصف؛ صديقي وليد يجلس معي

  • reporting information gathered from peers about their families, using modelled language such as

    وليد لا يحب الحساب ولا القراءة؛ فادية عندها أخ صغير في المدرسة؛ فاطمة تسكن في شقة؛ مازن يحب الديناصورات

  • contributing aspects of personal information to a class digital photo story, for example, writing or reading aloud captions to own photos

    هذه أنا عندما كان عمري أربع سنوات؛ كان شعري طويلاً؛ هذا مازن؛ كان يبكي في الصباح؛ صورة أميرة كانت على حقيبتي؛ هاني يحب الكرة؛ هذه أنا أكتب الحروف؛ هذا شادي يلون صورة؛ هذه عبير ترسم شجرة

  • sharing information about self, home, family and favourite possessions, using simple sentence structures, familiar vocabulary, appropriate gestures and concrete materials such as toys, for example,

    هذه لعبتي؛ اشترت أمي لي هذه اللعبة في عيد ميلادي؛ أسمها "ميلاني"؛ أحب ميلاني كثيراً؛ تنام ميلاني معي في سريري

    هذا الديناصور أسمه "ريكس"؛ أبي اشتراه لي في العطلة؛ ريكس صديقي؛ ألعب معه في البيت

  VCARC107 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Informing

• VCASFU068

  Understand that utterances in Auslan can consist of a mix of gestural and signed components, and that non-manual features are often used to link clauses into equal or unequal relationships

  Elaborations

  • recognising the nature and function of word classes and understanding that the context of the sign is important and Auslan signs will not always have the same word class as an English word, for example, adjectives can act like verbs in Auslan, for example, PRO3 BIG
  • recognising that some verbs and nouns use the same sign but change the movement in a regular way making noun-verb pairs, such as SCISSORS versus CUT-WITH-SCISSORS
  • being able to describe various types of clauses and recognising that these often co-occur with particular NMFs, such as questions, topicalised sentences, negation or conditionals
  • analysing yes/no questions and wh- questions to identify how NMFs and particular lexical signs are used to make each type of question
  • recognising how NMFs can create emphasis or stress
  • recognising that clauses can be joined by conjunctions to make longer sentences and these conjunctions can be shown with separate signs, such as PLUS or THEN, or NMFs, for example by pausing between clauses
  • noticing with support, when signers are using composite utterances, that is, those that have elements of CA, DSs, points and DSs, and fully-lexical signs in the same utterance
  • identifying clauses that are linked equally and unequally, where one clause depends on another

  VCASFU068 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCHIU085

  Investigate, demonstrate and explain how elements of grammar and word formation allow for complex expression of ideas and meaning

  Elaborations

  • expanding vocabulary related to more complex concepts to compose richer descriptions and expression of ideas
  • using conjunctions to create more complex and elaborated sentences, for example, मैं पहले दिल्ली जाऊँगा और अपना काम पूरा करने के बाद कोलकता पहुँचूँगा।
  • extending knowledge of text cohesion and basic joining (सन्धि) rules, for example, word ending in अ plus word starting in उ becomes the सन्धि sound ओ as in पूर्वोत्तर. आ+ओ=औ, क्+द्=ग्
  • using the active and passive voice to establish distinctions of agency, for example, राम उर्दू लिख रहा है।, उर्दू लिखी जा रही है ।
  • understanding the function and use of case (कारक), for example, ने, को, से, के लिए, में, पर
  • using participles (पदबंध): imperfect – डूबती हुई नाव, perfect – डूबी हुई नाव, adverbial present – रोते हुए, लिखते हुए, adverbial past – वह लड़की का हाथ पकड़े हुए था, वाला as participle – सब्जी वाला, डिब्बे वाला
  • expanding metalanguage to describe additional grammatical concepts and the relationship between form, function and meaning
  • using a range of tenses in complex sentences to move between events and personal experiences across time, for example, पिछले वर्ष जैसे हमने होली का त्योहार मनाया था, उसी प्रकार इस वर्ष भी हम होली का त्योहार धूमधाम से मनाएंगे।

  VCHIU085 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCITU128

  Extend knowledge of and use more complex features and patterns of the Italian grammatical system, including possessive, reflexive, demonstrative and relative pronouns; irregular and reflexive verbs; and comparatives and superlatives

  Elaborations

  • learning how to use:
    
    • articles — rules for inclusion or omission, for example, mio padre and il mio papà; Buongiorno signora… È la signora …
      
    • nouns — irregular plurals (for example, la città/le città, il dito/le dita), and collective nouns, for example, la gente
      
    • pronouns — possessive, reflexive, demonstrative and relative
      
    • comparatives and superlatives (regular and irregular) to make descriptions more precise, for example, Il film è piu bello del romanzo; è bellissimo
      
    • adverbs of time and manner, for example, ieri, di solito
      
    • prepositions (articulated or simple) to indicate destinations and directions, for example, in Italia, a Roma, al parco
      
    • interrogatives, for example, Chi …? Quando …? Come…?
      
    • verbs indicating action in the present (including irregular verbs and reflexives) and action across time: present perfect; imperfect; exposure to the future and conditional tenses and impersonal si; use of modals to indicate ability/willingness/necessity
      
    • compound sentences (for example, Mi piace la pizza ma preferisco le lasagne), and complex sentences, for example, La città che ho visitato era bellissima

  VCITU128 | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCTRU063

  Recognise and use appropriate features of Turkish sound and writing systems to produce texts that include specialised and less familiar language

  Elaborations

  • recognising the vowel elision rule in two-syllable words and how this is related to suffixes, for example, burun-burnu, beyin-beyni, göğüs- göğsü, karın-karnı and oğul-oğlu
  • understanding sound assimilation in spoken Turkish which does not exist in the written form, for example, the written word onbaşı is pronounced ombaşı, herkes is pronounced herkez and eczane is pronounced ezzane
  • learning pronunciation of vowels and consonant clusters in loan words, for example, the stress and pronunciation of vowels in mükemmel and consonant clusters tr- in tren,-ks- in faksla and sp- in spor, pl- in plaj
  • identifying the different use of homophones in Turkish, learning how these affect meaning in sentences, for example, gül, yüz, dolu, ben, aç and çay
  • experimenting with rhythm and tempo in recitation of poems and ballads, developing understanding of the function of stress and applying it to unfamiliar words and phrases in more complex sentences and texts
  • developing a glossary of ICT terms and using the terms in their own texts, for example, bilgisayar, fare, yükleme/indirme, ağ, e-posta, biligisayar korsanı, yazıcı and aktarma, sanal alem

  VCTRU063 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCVIU154

  Understand that language is used differently in different contexts and situations, for example, at home, at school, at the market or at the doctor’s surgery

  Elaborations

  • discussing with peers how they vary language use when communicating with people in different contexts, such as talking to a teacher, chatting with friends or going shopping, for example, Thưa cô, cho em nộp bài trễ một ngày được không ạ? Lan này, chừng nào có bài kiểm tra tiếng Việt? Chào cô, ở đây có bán từ điển tiếng Việt không?
  • identifying ways in which tone and body language vary in daily interactions depending on context, for example, the same sentence may be spoken in a different tone (friendly/unfriendly, respectful/impolite) and body language may change according to the setting (serious/interactive in the classroom, casual/friendly in the playground, relaxed at home/careful in the street)
  • explaining variations in aspects of language use such as tone, gestures, word choice or sentence structure in various situations and contexts, for example, interactions between customer and salesperson, doctor and patient, tour guide and tourist
  • identifying specialised language used in specific contexts, for example, at the market (giá bao nhiêu, trả giá, mắc, rẻ, giảm giá, hàng tốt/xấu) or at the doctor’s surgery (bị cảm, ho, nhức đầu, chóng mặt)
  • recognising differences in language use between class presentations and everyday conversations, such as Xin chào cô và các bạn versus Lan nè/Ê Lan, khỏe không?

  VCVIU154 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCASFU176

  Develop understanding of the important role of non-manual features in adverbs and joining clauses, and know that spatial relationships in Auslan are typically expressed with depicting signs

  Elaborations

  • recognising that quantifiers such as FEW or THREE are also types of adjective signs
  • noticing that sometimes Auslan signers have information about how a verb happens through NMFs not separate signs (for example, WRITE-_carelessly)
  • recognising that some adverbs modify adjectives, not verbs, for example VERY, and that these modifications to adjectives can also be expressed with NMFs, for example changes in mouth patterns and movement of signs can intensify adjectives, for example, RED-_really, PLEASE-_really, TALL-_really
  • distinguishing between the citation form of a sign and the adverbial NMF overlaid and what meaning each part carries, for example: MAN SPRINT (base form), MAN SPRINT_-fast (manner added)
  • recognising how conjunctions such as plus, if or but are used to join clauses and create cohesion
  • recognising that signers can give information about how a verb happens over time by changing the movement, for example, signing WATCH versus WATCH-_{for-a-long-time}, or with lexical signs such as WATCH AGAIN++
  • recognising that typically signers use DSs to show spatial relationships, not separate signs such as ON or UNDER
  • recognising that some nouns are not signed overtly in a clause, for example in the clauses below, the noun (the swimmer) is given in the first clause but not repeated in the second
    PRO2 SWIM DETERMINED SWIM, NOT WIN
    You swam really hard but you didn’t win.
    
  • noticing that clauses are elaborated and made more vivid by adding adjectives and adverbs and by enacting or using DSs, and that they can be joined by conjunctions to make longer sentences
  • noticing that parts of a sentence can be signed simultaneously in Auslan, making it hard to establish word order
  • recognising that the element of a sentence that a signer wants most focus on is sometimes signed first and that this process of topicalisation involves particular NMFs

  VCASFU176 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCJAU176

  Understand how to control elements of the Japanese grammatical system to express a range of ideas and experiences in written and spoken forms, and recognise the systematic nature of verb conjugation

  Elaborations

  • further developing metalanguage to describe and increase control of grammatical concepts and language elements, such as noun modifiers or speech styles
  • creating learning resources such as verb and adjective charts and lists of vocabulary and sentence structures
  • understanding the different functions of a range of particles, such as:
    • が (topic marker)
    • を (object marker)
    • に (time, date, place, destination, for)
    • と (and, with)
    • で (location, action, means)
    • へ (direction, destination)
    • ～から ～まで (from,～as far as, distances)
  • describing daily routines and schedules for a week, using a range of particles to form sentences, for example, 六時(ろくじ)に　うちで　兄(あに)と　ごはんを　食(た)べます。
  • using い and な adjectives in the present tense, for example, おいしい、たのしい、しずかな、 and negative forms, for example, 高(たか)くない
  • using adverbs as formulaic expressions, for example, 早(はや)く、おそく
  • understanding that the exact word order of noun phrases is not important as long as they appear before the verb and are accompanied by correct particles
  • understanding the role of sentence-ending particles in conversation, such as ね for confirming or expecting a response and よ for emphasis
  • using both affirmative and negative forms of particular grammatical elements in different tenses
  • creating cohesion and flow by using conjunctions, for example, だから、それで、それに
  • understanding how to indicate politeness using ご and お prefixes, for example, お名(な)前(まえ)、先生の　ごかぞく
  • using counter classifiers: ～時、～分、～つ、～まい、～本
  • using superlatives, for example, 一ばん　好きです

  VCJAU176 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCTRU115

  Understand and use grammatical forms such as verb moods, auxiliary verbs, particles and honorific forms, and use metalanguage to identify or explain language forms, structures and conventions

  Elaborations

  • understanding and using different types of formal and informal honorific forms, such as Bey/Hanım, Amca/Teyze, Efendi, Ağa/Hanımağa, Sayın, Ağabey(Abi)/Abla, Hoca/Öğretmen, Bay/Bayan in a range of contexts
  • learning how to use different auxiliary verbs formed by adding the verbs etmek, kılmak and olmak to nouns, for example, yardım etmek, namaz kılmak, ayıp olmak and attaching them to single-syllable words, for example, reddetmek, affetmek, kaybolmak, as well as suffixes for modality such as -malı/-meli as in Neler yapmalıyız? Türkçe öğrenmeliyim, Büyüklerimizi saymalıyız ve sevmeliyiz
  • understanding verb moods, such as imperative, potential -(e)bilmek, reciprocal, causative and passive, and relevant suffixes used to create each mood, yazabilmek, koşabilmek (potential), okuyabilirim, Tayla giyindi ve süslendi (reflexive), Babası ile araba için tartıştı (reciprocal), Dün kuaförde saçını boyattı (causative), Pirinç ayıklandı ve pilav pişirildi (passive)
  • learning to use particles such as karşı, gibi, beri, dek, kadar, üzere and complex conjunctions such as hem...hem de, ne...ne, -k(i), ancak, yoksa, oysa, hatta, rağmen, yani
  • understanding and using more complex verb tenses, compound and complex sentence structures and parts of speech to describe, recount, reflect, inform and express opinions, as in İnanıyorum ki, Seninle tamamen aynı fikirdeyim
  • understanding and using the conditional marker -s(e) and/or the word eğer in compound and complex sentences to make suggestions, for example, Bence bu yöntemi izlersek daha uygun, Sen nasıl uygun görürsen öyle yapalım, Çevremizi kirletmeye devam edersek eğer gelecekte dünyamız yok olacak
  • using quotations, idiomatic expressions and proverbs, for example, Onlar, bu toprakta canlarını verdikten sonra, artık bizim evlâtlarımız olmuşlardır, Allah bir yastıkta kocatsın, darısı başına, ağaç yaşken eğilir, ayağını yorganına göre uzat
  • understanding how a range of noun, verb and adjective endings such as -daş, -lik and -cı can be used to form new words, for example, yazıcı, yoldaş, demlik
  • understanding and using the three types of reduplication for emphasis, for example, emphatic reduplication, kapkara, upuzun; -m reduplication, çirkin mirkin, Selma’yı Melma’yı görmedim; and doubling, as in yavaş yavaş, ikişer ikişer, koşa koşa, ağlaya ağlaya
  • understanding and developing metalanguage for talking about forms and functions of language, for example, by identifying and explaining different types of adverbs, adjectives and sentence structures relating to grammatical functions such as predicates, subjects and objects

  VCTRU115 | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCTRU081

  Analyse how grammatical elements, such as rules of agglutination and cohesive devices, impact on more complex elements of text construction and word formation, such as mood, register and tense variation

  Elaborations

  • analysing functions of affixation through the identification of adverbial, adjectival and noun phrases in Turkish idioms and proverbs
  • using compounds in different cases, for example, cep telefonları, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’ni, Ağrı Dağı’na, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun
  • learning about nominalisation to form complex words such as iş deneyimleri in a range of sentence structures
  • identifying how adverbs/determiners are used for describing people, places and objects in texts, for example, Çamaşırlar kar gibi beyaz oldu, turp gibi bir çocuk, Çocuk gibi ağladı, Buz gibi su içtim, İnci gibi dişleri var, saray gibi bir ev, pamuk gibi bulutlar
  • analysing how some adverbs derived from verbs and adverbial phrases can modify time and manner of action, for example, the adverb /-arak indicates whether the action expressed by another verb is taking place at the same time or before the action it denotes, for example, Koşarak geldi, gülerek gitti; adding the suffix –ce/-ca to the adjective as in dikkatlice and hızlıca
  • distinguishing the two different uses of de/-de as a suffix and as a conjunction, noting the impact on meaning if they are used inaccurately, for example, Araba da ev de İstanbul’da kaldı and Arabada ve evde sigara içmek yasaktır have totally different meanings
  • explaining different uses of the suffix -ki as a relative pronoun in relative clauses, such as Yunus’unkinden, benimki; as a locative suffix, yanımdaki and evdeki, for idiomatic use as in halbuki, mademki, oysaki; and as a conjunction meaning ‘who’, ‘which’ and ‘that’ as in görüyorum ki, biliyorum ki, tabii ki
  • analysing the use of optative endings -(y)eyim, -(y)elim, -(y)in and -sin in first person, for example, alayım, alalım, alın and alsın in different tenses and in sentences to express a request
  • distinguishing between the use of the simple past perfect -di, as in, geldi, gitti and the evidential past perfect tense -miş, as in gelmiş and gitmiş and uyuyormuş
  • comparing the use of the progressive form -(i)yor and the simple present -(i)r and past tense -d(i) of verbs that describe actions
  • understanding when to use formal and informal registers ın dıfferent contexts
  • using a range of complex and complex-compound sentences in different tenses, for example, Ali eşyalarını toplayıp, odasını temizledikten sonra yola çıktı, Ali yola çıkmadan önce eşalarını topladı ve odasını temizledi
  • analysing how a range of noun, verb and adjective endings, such as -daş, -lik and –cı,-li can be used to form new words, for example, tarayıcı, yoldaş, demlik, kirli

  VCTRU081 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCVIU169

  Understand and use elements of Vietnamese grammar to organise and elaborate on ideas and opinions, such as direct/indirect speech and verbs to express modality

  Elaborations

  • differentiating interrogative forms with tag questions and using them according to context, for example, Em thích ăn cơm chiên không? (a yes/no question to discover whether the other person likes fried rice) and Em thích ăn cơm chiên phải không? (a tag question to confirm that the other person likes fried rice)
  • recognising differences in Vietnamese and English responses to negative tag questions to avoid misinterpretation, for example, in Vietnamese the response to the question Em chưa làm bài tập về nhà phải không? (‘You haven’t done your homework, have you?’) would be Dạ phải. Em chưa làm (‘YES, I haven’t’), while in English it would be ‘NO, I haven’t’
  • recognising the purpose and effect of exclamatory sentences as opposed to statements, for example, the statement Hôm nay Lan đi học sớm simply states that Lan came to school early today, while the exclamatory sentence Hôm nay Lan đi học sớm thế/vậy! may suggest surprise or irony
  • constructing a range of sentences in affirmative, negative, interrogative and imperative forms for different purposes
  • understanding the use of được and bị for positive and negative meaning, for example, Em được điểm tốt. Em được thầy cô khen. Em bị bệnh. Em bị ba mẹ la
  • understanding and using verbs to express modality such as nên (‘should’), cần (‘need to’) and phải (‘must’), for example, Các em nên chăm học. Chúng ta cần không khí để thở, thức ăn để ăn và nhà để ở. Học sinh phải mặc đồng phục khi đi học
  • using direct speech, for example, Ba mẹ nói với tôi: ‘Con nên chăm học’, and indirect speech, for example, Ba mẹ bảo tôi nên chăm học, to relate ideas, opinions, actions and events
  • using a range of expressions for indefinite quantities, for example, hàng ngàn, triệu triệu, vô số, hàng hà sa số, biết bao nhiêu là …
  • exploring homonyms encountered in texts, for example, bò (‘cow’ or ‘to crawl’), ăn (‘eat’ or ‘win’), đỗ/đậu (‘pass the exam’ or ‘bean’), bàn (‘table’ or ‘discuss’), lợi (‘benefit’ or ‘gum’), đen (‘black’ or ‘unlucky’)
  • recognising the features of alliteration in Vietnamese, for example, vui vẻ, mát mẻ, lanh lợi, and using them in own spoken and written texts
  • explaining to peers the meaning of common idioms and proverbs, for example, tiền rừng bạc biển, mò kim đáy biển<; đói cho sạch, rách cho thơm

  VCVIU169 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• Korean - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 10, students use written and spoken Korean to interact with peers, teachers and other Korean speakers in face-to-face, local and virtual communications. They exchange information and opinions about personal and immediate interests and experiences and about broader topics of...

  Level description | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10

• Languages | Hindi: Learning in Hindi

  Hindi language learning

  Hindi is an official language of India and Fiji. It is the most widely spoken language of the Indian subcontinent and is also widely spoken throughout the world in countries that include the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Mauritius, the Gulf countries and Australia.

  Overview material | Hindi

• VCARU148

  Understand patterns of intonation and pronunciation, including the way vowels soften and extend sounds, and apply appropriate conventions to their writing

  Elaborations

  • understanding that vowel marks influence the way words are pronounced, for example,

    أكلتُ التفاحة؟ أكلتِ التفاحة؛ المدرسةُ واسعة/في المدرسةِ

  • discriminating between the use of alif, waaw and yih as either consonants or long vowels in words, for example,

    سال الدم من يد سعاد/سأل الولد المعلمة

  • applying pronunciation rules when speaking and reading aloud, for example,

    ؛ المدة والشدة؛ والتنوين ؛ والياء المقصورة والتاء المربوطة والطويلة مُ/عَ/لِّ/مة؛ تِ/ل/ميذ…

  • recognising the different ways of pronouncing the long vowel ا, for example, ندا؛ ندى؛ لذا؛ لدى؛ متى؛ فتى, and writing the long vowel ء, for example, شيء؛ قراءة؛ مسؤول
  • applying phonic knowledge to spell unfamiliar words, for example,

    جِئتُ؛ آكل؛ شيء

  • applying accurate spelling in familiar words, phrases, sentences and texts

  VCARU148 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCASFU194

  Understand and control additional elements of Auslan grammar, such as the use of non-manual features for negation or conditional forms, and understand how signers use constructed action and depicting signs in composite utterances

  Elaborations

  • recognising the nature and function of word classes and understanding that the context of the sign is important and Auslan signs will not always have the same word class as an English word, for example, adjectives can act like verbs in Auslan
  • recognising that signers may include linguistic and gestural elements in a clause, that is, signers can tell, show or do both simultaneously
  • noticing, with support, when signers are using composite utterances, that is, those that have elements of CA, DSs, points and fully-lexical signs in the same utterance
  • understanding the different functions of a range of NMFs, such as those used for questions, topicalisation, negation or conditional forms
  • distinguishing between yes/no questions and wh- questions and statements and their corresponding NMFs
  • recognising that clauses can be joined by conjunctions to make longer sentences and these conjunctions can be shown with separate signs, such as PLUS, or THEN or NMFs, for example by pausing between clauses
  • recognising that clauses can be linked equally or unequally where one clause depends on another

  VCASFU194 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCASFU086

  Understand the difference between main and subordinate clauses and how the inclusion of constructed action and depicting signs has an impact on clause structure

  Elaborations

  • understanding that verbs can be either auxiliary (CAN JUMP or TRY REACH) or main verbs (WORK)
  • noticing how to use modal verbs and NMFs to express possibility, obligation and ability (MIGHT, SHOULD)
  • understanding the difference between definite and indefinite reference and how Auslan makes this distinction
  • recognising the function of some signs as interjections or discourse markers
  • recognising that conditionals have a main and dependent clause and associated NMFs
  • identifying coordinated clauses showing causation and describing how it is shown, for example
    PRO3 STUDY-_hard BECAUSE WANT EXAM MARKS GOOD
    
  • recognising how emphasis in sentences can be changed by reordering clauses or parts of clauses
  • recognising that the presence of CA or DSs affects how a clause is structured

  VCASFU086 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCDEC107

  Convey factual information about self, family and possessions through pictures, labels, captions and short descriptions, using familiar words and modelled language

  Elaborations

  • using key words and simple phrases to annotate a picture, diagram or photo for public display
  • contributing to a digital photo story on Meine Klasse, for example, writing and recording captions to own photos (Das bin ich. Ich heiße… und ich bin… Das ist meine Mami. Sie ist nett)
  • using simple sentence structures, familiar vocabulary, supporting resources and gestures to communicate about self and the immediate environment, for example, Ich bin im Kindergarten. Ich bin in Klasse 1. Das ist mein Kissen.
  • conveying aspects of shared knowledge about German language and culture, such as by pointing to places on a map or pictures of symbols or typical foods, for example, Das ist Deutschland. Die Flagge ist Schwarz-Rot-Gold.

  VCDEC107 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Informing