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• VCTRC040

  Respond to imaginative texts such as TV programs, folktales, performances or cartoons by sharing opinions on elements such as storylines, messages, characters and themes

  Elaborations

  • listening to, reading or viewing traditional folktales, contemporary stories and cartoons, responding by retelling or re-enacting the story in their own words or by creating a timeline to track sequences of events
  • creating digital profiles of characters they enjoy in different stories, plays or poems, providing physical and character descriptions and examples of the ways they speak and behave
  • composing a personal response or commentary, such as a letter or journal entry, to a message conveyed by a character in a folktale, legend or fable relating to a concept such as truthfulness, courage or honesty
  • presenting a critical review of a song, story or television program, using evaluative language such as Ben … çok beğendim çünkü …, … hiç sevmedim. Çok üzücüydü
  • sharing responses to recorded performances of Türk Halk Oyunları by making expressive and descriptive statements to interpret the meaning and impact of the music and movements
  • describing their reactions to imaginative texts that evoke responses such as sadness, fear or excitement, relating them to their own experiences by using stem statements such as Bir defa benim de başıma gelmişti, Ben de benzer bir olay yaşadım
  • recognising that there are different ways of telling a story, as in the case of Türk halıları ve kilimleri, discussing the uniqueness of symbols, colours, stories and feelings represented in carpets and rugs from different regions

  VCTRC040 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Creating

• VCTRU080

  Understand regular and irregular elements of spoken and written Turkish, and use elements such as affixation and compound patterns to produce complex phrases and elaborated texts and to participate in extended interactions

  Elaborations

  • understanding the use of lexical stress in Turkish, and the relation between morphemes and stress, where usually the left-most morpheme is the one that determines the stress, as in a range of compounds such as atlıkarınca, kadınbudu, imambayıldı, akşamüstü, güneydoğu, Fenerbahçe, and depremzede
  • experimenting with different registers and vocal and stylistic effects in creating specific emphases in different types of spoken and written texts, for example, speeches, songs, letters to the editor
  • using elision in informal interactions, for example, napcaz? gelcen mi? naber?
  • knowing when to pause and what tone to use for required effects, such as emphasis or persuasion
  • recognising ways in which written language differs from spoken language, such as being more crafted, precise, elaborated or complex, for example, the use of subordinate clauses and support details, Cumartesi günkü maçta Atatürk Kupası’nı kazanan takım, Galatasaray’ı 89’uncu dakikada Mehmet’in attığı golle 1-0 yenerek kupayı 5’inci kez evine götüren Beşiktaş oldu
  • recognising the impermanent and fluid nature of spoken language, identifying features such as interactivity and turn-taking, the use of repetition, pauses, interruptions and contractions, inverted syntax, such as ben de isterim gelmeyi and the use of non-verbal language and vocal effects
  • using challenging word combinations in written and spoken Turkish tongue twisters

  VCTRU080 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU221

  Analyse textual features of formal genres and apply these in their own speech and writing

  Elaborations

  • analysing features of texts in formal domains, for example, comparing aspects of formal and personal letters such as salutations or level of politeness; examining features of articles such as the use of headings, placement of author name, organisation into introduction, body and conclusion
  • comparing how statistical data (such as census information or surveys) are collated and referred to in Chinese and English texts, including consideration of the levels of in-text referencing required across both languages
  • analysing linguistic, stylistic and textual features of diverse samples of the same genre to compare the choices made by authors and the impact of these choices, for example, comparing 这位老人已经七十多岁了， 他每天要一上一下地打扫一千八百多级石阶， 该是多么辛苦啊！ and 这位老人年纪大了，要打扫很多石阶，这些石阶大概有一千八百多级，非常辛苦
  • analysing stylistic/literary devices used in knowledge-based texts, for example, technical terms and concise formulaic expressions used in newspaper articles
  • appreciating and applying the use of literary devices, for example, direct and indirect historical and cultural references; features of intertextuality such as classical allusions (歇后语)
  • analysing the layout of magazines and online texts to identify how images, fonts and words have been chosen to enhance understanding of key ideas and author positioning
  • examining the language of newspapers, identifying commonly encountered linguistic terms and considering the concise ways in which world events are reported in Chinese media

  VCZHU221 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCLVC177

  Investigate and summarise factual information obtained from a range of sources on a variety of topics and issues related to the Country/Place

  Elaborations

  • investigating the origins of Aboriginal names in their local area, regional area and state and territory, recording meanings where known, and identifying different source languages
  • interviewing an respected community member to gain an historical perspective about their use of particular words and language constructions, observing correct respect protocols and presenting findings in formats such as digital presentations, posters, wall charts or oral summaries
  • researching and creating a profile of a prominent member of the language community, for example, an artist, sportsperson or leader
  • developing a photographic record/portfolio of different animal and plant species found in Country/Place, with commentary/annotations
  • seeking information from respected community members to assist in classifying living things according to culturally appropriate categories, comparing these classification systems with those used in western approaches to the study of living systems
  • identifying and describing the role of various Aboriginal organisations that provide services to their community
  • researching different aspects of a selected Indigenous business operating in the community, for example, an enterprise associated with arts, bush medicine, bush food, tourism, transportation or animal husbandry, and presenting findings in digital formats or oral presentation mode
  • analysing a range of historical documents recorded in the language, classifying content according to categories such as date, text genre (wordlist, letter), topic (Indigenous knowledge, environment, traditions, fishing/navigation, rules), purpose of the text and intention of the writer (to inform, prescribe, describe, assert authority); and presenting findings in chart or table form or by giving a presentation
  • interviewing local community members about their experiences of living on the land, their relationship with language and culture and their recollections from the past, recording and presenting key findings
  • researching Aboriginal words used in English, using resources such as the Australian National Dictionary, and identifying and explaining words that come from the local language

  VCLVC177 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCVIU151

  Recognise and apply features of intonation and pronunciation and writing conventions used in different types of texts and contexts

  Elaborations

  • applying basic pronunciation rules, including adding or changing tone markers, initial consonants or vowels to form new words, for example, buổi, cuối, đuổi, tuổi, chuối
  • understanding and reproducing Vietnamese words with different tone markers, and understanding that pitch changes affect the meaning of a word, for example, thương, thường, thưởng, thượng
  • understanding the variability of sound–letter matches and distinguishing between similar sounds such as ch and tr, s and x (chai/trai or song/xong)
  • exploring Vietnamese sounds such as heterographs, for example, giai and dai, dây and giây, and homonyms, for example, bàn (bàn bạc) or bàn (cái bàn)
  • analysing Vietnamese pronunciation and intonation, for example, Anh ăn trưa chưa? Anh chưa ăn trưa? and Anh chưa ăn trưa
  • applying Vietnamese spelling rules, for example, k, gh and ngh only go with i, e, and ê (kiến, kẻ, kể, ghi, ghe, ghế, nghỉ, nghe, nghệ)
  • comparing Vietnamese words that end with i and y, and identifying words that are commonly misspelled, such as tai and tay, mai and may, ngài and ngày
  • using appropriate punctuation in writing, including commas, full stops, question marks, semicolons, colons, inverted commas and exclamation marks

  VCVIU151 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• Chinese - Second Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Levels 3 and 4 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 4, students use spoken and written Chinese in simple personal interactions with familiar participants about self, family, people, places, routine, school life, and their own interests and preferences, for example, 你叫什么名字？ 你上几年级？ 你有狗吗？ 你喜欢什么运动？ They use appropriate pronunciation...

  Level description | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4

• Indonesian - F–10 Sequence: Foundation to Level 2 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 2, students interact with teachers and peers through play- and action-related language. They use greetings (Selamat pagi/siang) and respond to instructions through actions (Berdirilah, Masuklah). Students pronounce the vowel sounds, and ch for c. They recognise questions (Apa? Si...

  Level description | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2

• Japanese - F–10 Sequence: Foundation to Level 2 description

  Students become familiar with the sound systems of the Japanese language, including pronunciation and rhythm. They learn to pronounce individual sounds and sound combinations. They understand basic word order in simple sentences, indicate affirmative or negative responses, respond to requests,...

  Level description | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence

• Roman Alphabet Languages - F–10 Sequence: Levels 5 and 6 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 6, students use the language to convey information about themselves, their family and friends, and daily routines and activities. They locate specific details and use familiar words and phrases to predict meanings in texts. They respond to and create texts such as descriptions...

  Level description | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6

• VCJAU014

  Develop understanding of the systematic nature of grammatical structures and features of Japanese used to perform particular functions, such as describing people, objects and places, and indicating quantity

  Elaborations

  • developing metalanguage for communicating about language, using terms such as ‘noun’, ‘pronoun’, ‘verb’, ‘adjective’ and ‘conjunction’, and cross-referencing with knowledge of English-language syntax and parts of speech
  • understanding the rule that Japanese sentences end with a predicate and that there are three types of predicates, noun plus copula, adjective plus copula, and verb:
    • subject は noun　です。
    • subjectは adjective　です。
    • subject は　objectを　verb ます。
  • understanding that pronouns are used far less frequently in Japanese than in English
  • understanding and using a range of particles to perform different functions, for example:
    • は (subject, topic marker)
    • が (subject, topic marker: ～が好(す)きです、 ～がいます/あります)
    • を (object)
    • に (time, destination)
    • へ (direction)
    • で (transport)
    • の (possession)
    • と (and, with)
    • も (also)
  • understanding the role of sentence-ending particles such as かand ね
  • understanding that the word order of noun phrases is not important as long as they appear before the verb and are accompanied by correct particles
  • understanding how to use いand な adjectives in the present tense in basic sentences such as たのしい、 たのしくない、 ゆうめいな、 ゆうめいじゃない
  • understanding the rules of verb conjugation, for example, ～ます、 ～ましょう、 ～ました、 ～ません、 ～ませんでした
  • understanding different question words such as 何(なに), どこ、 何(なん)よう日(び)、 どんな、 いつ、 いくら、 だれ
  • describing locations of homes, people and things using basic structures such as noun は　place に　あります。 noun は　place に　います。
  • using a range of verbs related to daily activities, for example, 行(い)きます、 見(み)ます、 たべます、 かきます、 よみます、 ききます、 はなします、 します
  • understanding and responding to formulaic expressions that use て form, such as 見(み)て　ください。 トイレに　行(い)っても　いい　ですか 。
  • creating cohesion and flow using conjunctions, for example, そして、 それから、 でも
  • knowing how to count 一(いち)～千(せん)
  • using common counters and classifiers such as ～人、 ～さい、 ～がつ、 ～時(じ)
  • understanding the use of こそあどseries in concrete contexts, for example, これ、 それ、 あれ、 どれ
  • using basic time expressions such as days of the week and months, for example, まい日(にち)、 ときどき
  • building vocabulary that relates to familiar environments such as the classroom, family and personal world and that can be used for cross-curricular content learning
  • understanding the use of the prefixes お and ご before some words to indicate respect, for example,
    おなまえは？、ごかぞく　
  • understanding that the words for family members are different for one’s own family and for other people’s families, for example, お母(かあ)さん、母(はは)
  • identifying similarities and differences in Japanese and English grammatical rules relating to word order or the use of elements such as pronouns

  VCJAU014 | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• Latin: Levels 7 and 8 description

  Students become familiar with the restored pronunciation of Latin. They use appropriate phrasing and voice inflection when reading aloud, reciting or performing Latin texts such as stories, dialogues, songs or plays, and develop their understanding of the sounds of the Latin alphabet. When translating...

  Level description | Languages | Latin

• German - F–10 Sequence: Foundation to Level 2 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 2, students interact with teachers and peers through action-related talk and play. They introduce themselves, exchange greetings and farewells, for example, Ich heiße … Auf Wiedersehen! and express likes and dislikes. When interacting, they use short formulaic...

  Level description | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2

• VCASFU232

  Explore different dimensions of variation in the structure, development and use of Auslan, including how it has been influenced by English and other signed languages

  Elaborations

  • exploring similarities and differences in the two main Auslan dialects, the northern dialect, used in New South Wales, Queensland and the Australian Capital Territory, and the southern dialect, used in Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania and the Northern Territory, for example through building webcam relationships with other schools or by identifying and collecting signs that differ in the two forms
  • researching how BSL from the 1800s evolved into Auslan, NZSL and modern BSL, for example by finding and classifying examples from Auslan, NZSL and BSL signbanks
  • understanding that while the structure of individual signs can change over time in regular ways, there is little information about this process in signed languages due to lack of historical records of signing
  • explaining the influence of other signed languages such as BSL, ISL and ASL on Auslan over different periods of time and in different domains of language use, and discussing why this is the case
  • noticing different ways that English words are borrowed into Auslan, for example, the use of fully fingerspelled words, such as D-U-E, N-O-U-N, the fingerspelling of the first letter of corresponding English words, for example TOILET, FATHER, or abbreviations of English words, for example, state names: S-A, N-S-W, V-I-C, T-A-S, and organisation names: N-A-B-S, W-A-A-D, N-S-W-A-D, D-C-S-S-A, and lexicalised fingerspelling, such as HOW, BUT, ABOUT, FOR
  • recognising that Auslan includes loan signs from Signed English, such as TOY or DAD, and understanding why some older deaf people are uncomfortable with these changes
  • looking at style shifts in domains where English is in closer contact with Auslan, such as the use of more English-like structures in formal and educational settings
  • considering adaptations to Auslan use when communicating in different physical environments, such as in video chats, across a large yard, or when one or both hands are occupied, for example, variations in vocabulary, size of signing space, clarity of signs, use of fingerspelling and NMFs
  • noticing the variation in ‘handedness’ between signers in relation to both signs and to fingerspelling: right handers using their right hand as their dominant (main) hand; left handers doing the opposite

  VCASFU232 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCASFU176

  Develop understanding of the important role of non-manual features in adverbs and joining clauses, and know that spatial relationships in Auslan are typically expressed with depicting signs

  Elaborations

  • recognising that quantifiers such as FEW or THREE are also types of adjective signs
  • noticing that sometimes Auslan signers have information about how a verb happens through NMFs not separate signs (for example, WRITE-_carelessly)
  • recognising that some adverbs modify adjectives, not verbs, for example VERY, and that these modifications to adjectives can also be expressed with NMFs, for example changes in mouth patterns and movement of signs can intensify adjectives, for example, RED-_really, PLEASE-_really, TALL-_really
  • distinguishing between the citation form of a sign and the adverbial NMF overlaid and what meaning each part carries, for example: MAN SPRINT (base form), MAN SPRINT_-fast (manner added)
  • recognising how conjunctions such as plus, if or but are used to join clauses and create cohesion
  • recognising that signers can give information about how a verb happens over time by changing the movement, for example, signing WATCH versus WATCH-_{for-a-long-time}, or with lexical signs such as WATCH AGAIN++
  • recognising that typically signers use DSs to show spatial relationships, not separate signs such as ON or UNDER
  • recognising that some nouns are not signed overtly in a clause, for example in the clauses below, the noun (the swimmer) is given in the first clause but not repeated in the second
    PRO2 SWIM DETERMINED SWIM, NOT WIN
    You swam really hard but you didn’t win.
    
  • noticing that clauses are elaborated and made more vivid by adding adjectives and adverbs and by enacting or using DSs, and that they can be joined by conjunctions to make longer sentences
  • noticing that parts of a sentence can be signed simultaneously in Auslan, making it hard to establish word order
  • recognising that the element of a sentence that a signer wants most focus on is sometimes signed first and that this process of topicalisation involves particular NMFs

  VCASFU176 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• Italian - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students engage in social interaction to exchange greetings and to share ideas and information related to their personal, social and school worlds. They use known phrases to exchange ideas and opinions, for example, Non mi piace la pallacanestro. They participate in classroom...

  Level description | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8

• Japanese - F–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 description

  Students expand their range of vocabulary to subjects beyond their immediate world and familiar experiences. They develop broader grammatical knowledge, using verbs and い/な adjectives, negative conjugations, various particles, counters, superlatives and conjunctions, to describe and sequence events...

  Level description | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence

• Non-Roman Alphabet Languages - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 10 students initiate and sustain interactions with peers by sharing opinions and experiences and comparing aspects of teenage life. They interact with others to make decisions and plan events. They ask and respond to questions, clarify understanding and express agreement or...

  Level description | Languages | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10

• VCDEU015

  Recognise some of the common variations in German as it is used in different contexts and locations by different people

  Elaborations

  • using appropriate forms of address and greetings/salutations for peers and teacher, depending on gender (Lieber/Liebe… and Dein/Deine/Eure … in a letter) and social status (Guten Morgen, Herr Schiller; Hallo, Tim!) of participants, and recognising the effects of inappropriate choices, for example, greeting peers with Guten Morgen, Frau Mary!
  • observing telephone interactions in film clips and real life and practising telephone etiquette when answering mobile phones in comparison with the family landline (surname only) and ending phone call with Auf Wiederhören
  • noticing that in public announcements and/or on the phone certain words are pronounced differently or varied slightly to ensure clarity, for example, zwei/zwo, Juli (pronounced as Julei)
  • recognising different registers, such as the different words for ‘you’, for example, Was machst du, Peter? Was macht ihr, Kinder (Klasse 7)? Setz dich, Peter! Setzt euch Kinder! Kommen Sie bitte herein, Herr Berger!
  • being aware of some regional variations in language, such as in greetings (the Swiss Grüezi and Austrian Servus) or the lack of the Eszett in Switzerland
  • comparing written and spoken modes of a particular language function such as an invitation, noticing language structures used and varying levels of formality
  • comparing the concept of diversity in accents, dialects and vocabulary in German-speaking communities with similar diversity in the use of English within and beyond Australia

  VCDEU015 | Languages | German | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• Chinese - Background Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Levels 3 and 4 description

  Students use oral language to build their capacity to describe and explore topics and concepts in Chinese. Students use Chinese to share everyday experiences with each other. They develop literacy skills through a range of reading and writing activities. Pinyin is used as a tool to develop students...

  Level description | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence

• Indonesian - F–10 Sequence: Levels 3 and 4 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 4, students interact in classroom routines and structured interactions with teachers and peers. They reproduce the sounds of au (mau) and g (gemuk) and the final sound k (tidak). Students follow instructions, make requests and respond with actions (Duduklah, Bukalah bukumu). They...

  Level description | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4