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• Languages | Italian: Scope and Sequence

  The curriculum sets out what students are expected to learn and is designed as a continuum of learning. The curriculum is being presented in a scope and sequence chart to support teachers to easily see the progression and assist in planning teaching and learning programs to meet the diverse needs...

  Overview material | Italian

• Languages | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages: Scope and Sequence

  The curriculum sets out what students are expected to learn and is designed as a continuum of learning. The curriculum is being presented in a scope and sequence chart to support teachers to easily see the progression and assist in planning teaching and learning programs to meet the diverse needs...

  Overview material | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages

• Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages: Scope and Sequence

  The curriculum sets out what students are expected to learn and is designed as a continuum of learning. The curriculum is being presented in a scope and sequence chart to support teachers to easily see the progression and assist in planning teaching and learning programs to meet the diverse needs...

  Overview material | Roman Alphabet Languages

• Languages | Classical Greek: Scope and Sequence

  The curriculum sets out what students are expected to learn and is designed as a continuum of learning. The curriculum is being presented in a scope and sequence chart to support teachers to easily see the progression and assist in planning teaching and learning programs to meet the diverse needs...

  Overview material | Classical Greek

• Languages | Latin: Scope and Sequence

  The curriculum sets out what students are expected to learn and is designed as a continuum of learning. The curriculum is being presented in a scope and sequence chart to support teachers to easily see the progression and assist in planning teaching and learning programs to meet the diverse needs...

  Overview material | Latin

• Languages | Chinese: Scope and Sequence

  The curriculum sets out what students are expected to learn and is designed as a continuum of learning. The curriculum is being presented in a scope and sequence chart to support teachers to easily see the progression and assist in planning teaching and learning programs to meet the diverse needs...

  Overview material | Chinese

• Non-Roman Alphabet Languages - F–10 Sequence: Levels 3 and 4 description

  Students interact with peers and the teacher in a variety of communicative activities where grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation are purposefully integrated. They primarily engage in a variety of listening and viewing activities, and understand familiar stories, songs and poems. Language use...

  Level description | Languages | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence

• Roman Alphabet Languages - F–10 Sequence: Foundation to Level 2 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 2, students interact with teachers and peers through play and action-related language. They use greetings and respond to instructions through actions. Students pronounce the sounds of the language. They recognise simple questions and can respond to them, in addition to names...

  Level description | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2

• VCELU014

  Recognise and understand characteristic features of common types of text, comparing them with equivalent texts in English

  Elaborations

  • comparing texts in Greek and English by identifying similarities and differences, for example, postcards, diary entries, short emails or a personal note to a friend
  • identifying characteristic features of familiar text types such as signs, instructions, songs, advertisements and invitations, and noting differences in expression and levels of formality, for example, a wedding invitation or a clothing sale at a store
  • transforming a simple text, such as a short song, into another text type, for example, a conversation or cartoon, applying the key features of the second text type and making comparisons with transforming a similar text in English

  VCELU014 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCESU032

  Analyse textual features of spoken, written and digital texts and consider how they shape meaning and influence responses

  Elaborations

  • comparing language features of Spanish and English versions of different types of texts, such as riddles, weather reports, text messages or horoscopes, noting differences that may be culturally significant
  • examining language structures and features used for specific communicative effect, such as to persuade, amuse, sympathise, challenge, include or exclude
  • understanding textual elements that provide coherence at a whole text level, such as cohesive devices (sin, aunque, debido a, según, por otro lado), linked paragraphs, introductions and summaries, and sequencing of ideas

  VCESU032 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCLVU189

  Discuss variations in language use that reflect different social and cultural contexts, purposes and relationships

  Elaborations

  • understanding how elements of communication in Aboriginal languages languages, such as gestures, facial expressions, choice of language and use of silence, vary according to context, situation and kin relationships, for example, eye contact, pointing with lips
  • analysing and discussing intergenerational differences in language use, for example, young people’s language compared to the language of older generations
  • explaining variations in language use that reflect different levels of formality, authority and status, for example, expressions used with respected kin, ways of asking questions of different people

  VCLVU189 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCRAU117

  Develop awareness of register, comparing language choices and considering how and why language varies in formality

  Elaborations

  • identifying levels of formality or register of language used in texts and explaining reasons for this, for example, the use of formal language when talking to people in authority to show respect, the use of informal language in commercials to create a sense of familiarity
  • examining variations in language used in face-to-face and written/online communication, particularly noticing colloquial language and how it differs from standard forms
  • making connections between aspects of language use and the identity of participants

  VCRAU117 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCRAU066

  Recognise formal and informal forms and that their style and use depend on the context, purpose and audience

  Elaborations

  • examining differences in language use according to mode, for example, poetry/song lyrics or abbreviations used in text messages
  • recognising that the use of different terms of address reflects varying levels of politeness and familiarity
  • comparing language structures in the language and English and how these are used to create intimacy or distance, for example, the use of colloquial language
  • using intonation to shift meaning, for example, to show surprise, to downplay or to exaggerate

  VCRAU066 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages: Scope and Sequence

  The curriculum sets out what students are expected to learn and is designed as a continuum of learning. The curriculum is being presented in a scope and sequence chart to support teachers to easily see the progression and assist in planning teaching and learning programs to meet the diverse needs...

  Overview material | Victorian Aboriginal Languages

• VCDEC146

  Engage in intercultural interactions, describing aspects of language and culture that are unfamiliar or uncomfortable, and discussing own reactions and adjustments

  Elaborations

  • observing how language use reflects politeness and the closeness of social relationships, such as different levels of formality through the use of du/ihr/Sie, and familiarity with friends, for example, nicknames (Spitznamen) and various uses of diminutives (-chen, -lein)
  • noticing the use of and evaluating whether or not to adopt German expressions such as exclamations (Ach so! Echt!), and gestures such as indicating approval with ‘thumbs up’ (comparing with the use of one thumb to indicate the number ‘one’) and ‘applauding’ by rapping knuckles on the table
  • reflecting on how own cultural etiquette and behaviour such as gestures affect interactions and may be interpreted, for example, noticing similarities and differences in body language when interacting with people from German-speaking countries (shrugging, nodding one’s head)
  • noticing own reaction (level of comfort/discomfort) to different cultural practices such as asking Wie geht’s? and not expecting a detailed response about health and current medical conditions
  • recognising aspects of own language use that reflect own cultural perspective and experiences, for example, references to climate and environment, animals, activities and routines such as chores, and celebrations and events

  VCDEC146 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCIDU049

  Develop awareness that language use reflects different contexts, purposes and audiences

  Elaborations

  • recognising that there are linguistic choices available to vary the level of politeness in interactions, such as when giving instructions, for example, duduk, duduklah, silakan duduk
  • observing how language use reflects respect and social distance, such as making requests with different levels of formality (Minta, Mohon, Boleh, Bolehkah?), showing respect for authority figures (Pak Guru, Mas, Mbak), and expressing familiarity with friends such as by using nicknames (nama panggilan)
  • reflecting on how language varies depending on the situation, for example, ordering a meal in a fast food restaurant, Satu paket… compared to a dine-in restaurant, Minta segelas air, Bu

  VCIDU049 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCKOC200

  Examine and modify own cultural assumptions and practices, taking responsibility for language use and choices, and recognising the significance of shared responsibility and mutual effort in intercultural communication

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on own engagement in communication with Koreans and how their language use was perceived by self, and making adjustments to own Korean language use, for example, to feel comfortable with some silence during conversation; to be indirect when making refusals (saying 잘 모르겠는데요, 글쎄요); to speak in a rather monotone without being negative; to use address terms infrequently during conversation
  • reflecting on aspects of own experiences of intercultural communication, such as possible causes of breakdowns or breakthroughs in communication, repair and recovery strategies, and responses to and insights gained through interactions
  • considering ways to improve intercultural understanding and acting on them, for example, by keeping a record (for example, journal, log, posting on forum) of memorable incidents involving intercultural interactions
  • recounting own experiences of intercultural language use in oral or written forms, for example, speeches or essays, reflecting on concepts such as ‘culture’, ‘attitudes’, ‘assumptions’ and ‘values’
  • comparing understandings of the relationship between language, culture and identity, using symbols, graphic representations, images and metaphors to represent how the relationship works
  • discussing how intercultural communication involves being flexible, responsive and open to alternative ways of communicating, for example, responding to different levels of emotionality or confrontation in debate, or different levels of respect in casual exchanges or service encounters

  VCKOC200 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCZHU259

  Explain how changes in context impact on how language is adapted to convey meaning within and across languages

  Elaborations

  • exploring how living in the Australian context impacts on how they present their ideas in Chinese, for example, considering how essays written in Chinese in Australia often follow the accepted organisation and formatting of essays in the Australian education system rather than the Chinese education system
  • analysing what is valued across cultures and discussing the impact of this on how meanings are conveyed in Chinese and English, for example, quoting 孔子 or using 成语 is evidence of a higher level of literacy in Chinese, but quoting modern-day experts or using technical vocabulary is considered to be reflective of a higher education level in many English-speaking communities
  • understanding the historical traditions behind the differences between oral and written language in Chinese ( 文言 and 白话)
  • reflecting on their own different ways of communicating and how they adjust language, gesture and content to suit different contexts, cultures and languages, for example, considering topics that are acceptable in one culture but taboo in another
  • identifying differences in pronunciation and/or tone across different Chinese-speaking environments, for example, 和 is pronounced ‘hé’ in mainland China but can be pronounced as ‘hàn’ in Taiwan

  VCZHU259 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCZHU221

  Analyse textual features of formal genres and apply these in their own speech and writing

  Elaborations

  • analysing features of texts in formal domains, for example, comparing aspects of formal and personal letters such as salutations or level of politeness; examining features of articles such as the use of headings, placement of author name, organisation into introduction, body and conclusion
  • comparing how statistical data (such as census information or surveys) are collated and referred to in Chinese and English texts, including consideration of the levels of in-text referencing required across both languages
  • analysing linguistic, stylistic and textual features of diverse samples of the same genre to compare the choices made by authors and the impact of these choices, for example, comparing 这位老人已经七十多岁了， 他每天要一上一下地打扫一千八百多级石阶， 该是多么辛苦啊！ and 这位老人年纪大了，要打扫很多石阶，这些石阶大概有一千八百多级，非常辛苦
  • analysing stylistic/literary devices used in knowledge-based texts, for example, technical terms and concise formulaic expressions used in newspaper articles
  • appreciating and applying the use of literary devices, for example, direct and indirect historical and cultural references; features of intertextuality such as classical allusions (歇后语)
  • analysing the layout of magazines and online texts to identify how images, fonts and words have been chosen to enhance understanding of key ideas and author positioning
  • examining the language of newspapers, identifying commonly encountered linguistic terms and considering the concise ways in which world events are reported in Chinese media

  VCZHU221 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCARC112

  Describe the experience of using Arabic at home or at school, such as how it feels and the particular behaviours they associate with speaking Arabic

  Elaborations

  • identifying the significance of gestures in Arabic, and noticing own level of comfort with these, for example, making or not making eye contact when talking to older people
  • discussing one another’s ways of communicating and their appropriateness in Arabic-speaking contexts, such as different ways of showing politeness, for example, when making requests من فضلك or thanking someone شكراً؛ شكراً جزيلاً
  • sharing with peers how it feels to use Arabic, for example, when singing a song in class, speaking Arabic with friends or family members, and using gestures, such as nodding the head slightly when saying نعم أو لا

  VCARC112 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Reflecting