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• Languages | Turkish: Structure

  Sequences of learning

  The Turkish curriculum recognises that there are different entry points into language learning across F–10, which reflects current language teaching practice.

  There are two possible learning sequences:

  • F–10 sequence for students who begin to learn the language...

  Overview material | Turkish

• Languages | Vietnamese: Structure

  Sequences of learning

  The Vietnamese curriculum recognises that there are different entry points into language learning across F–10, which reflects current language teaching practice.

  There are two possible learning sequences:

  • F–10 sequence for students who begin to learn the language...

  Overview material | Vietnamese

• Languages | Italian: Learning in Italian

  Italian language learning

  Italian belongs to the Romance family of languages and is closely connected to its ‘sibling’ languages of Spanish, Portuguese and French. It also has many commonalities and connections with English, sharing many Latin-derived words and using the same Roman...

  Overview material | Italian

• VCASFC094

  Locate specific points of information from signed texts about familiar topics and use the information in new ways

  Elaborations

  • responding to signed information such as class messages or short introductions, for example, by identifying names, numbers or times
  • identifying and applying specific information in signed texts using visual pictures and props to complete guided tasks such as craft activities
  • gathering information from peers about topics such as family members or favourite foods
  • identifying information in simple texts that relate to properties such as colour, size, shape or amount, for example when interacting with materials and concrete objects
  • following directions for simple activities involving visual cues such as a treasure hunt, for example:
    DS:turn-left DEAD-END DS:turn-right
    Go left, then at the end turn right.
    
  • identifying and categorising signs appearing in simple texts according to handshape
  • watching short Auslan texts about topics such as hobbies or sports, recording key points of information using tables or graphic organisers

  VCASFC094 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCASFC238

  Engage with a range of signed texts to locate and evaluate information, infer or interpret meaning and to present key points in new forms

  Elaborations

  • interviewing an Auslan user, using prepared questions to find out about their experiences or opinions on selected topics, such as early language learning for deaf babies or their experience of education, selecting key elements of their commentary to produce a digital profile to share with the class
  • observing informative signed texts from the Deaf community and deaf-related organisations, such as emergency or advocacy texts, and rephrasing key points in a form suitable for a younger audience
  • collecting information from a variety of signed sources to inform class discussions on current affairs, for example the prevalent use of social media by young people, and access to this by deaf students
  • following more complex procedural signed texts, such as directions to follow in an unfamiliar environment, such as a school camp or excursion
  • watching and summarising information provided by a guest speaker and comparing their noted ideas and opinions with those of their peers
  • viewing texts such as interviews, news reports or vlogs and selecting points of information or details to use in their own texts or opinion pieces
  • viewing Auslan texts from other content areas, using depicting signs to explain key concepts, such as states of matter or climate variation
  • forming and signing questions to request information from a deaf organisation or person, in order to produce a digital information text such as a brochure or web page
  • obtaining information about high-profile members of the international Deaf community to create profiles for an e-magazine

  VCASFC238 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCASFC130

  Identify specific points of information in simple Auslan texts relating to people, places and things and use the information to complete guided tasks

  Elaborations

  • responding to signed information such as class messages or short introductions, for example by identifying names, school locations, numbers or times
  • identifying and applying specific information in Auslan texts to complete guided tasks such as colouring-in and craft activities
  • gathering information from each other about topics such as family members, favourite foods, toys and games to report back to the class using familiar structures and modelled language, for example:
    SISTER-BROTHER HOW-MANY?
    How many brothers and sisters do you have?
    
  • identifying information in simple Auslan texts that relates to properties such as colour, number, size or shape, for example when interacting with materials and objects
  • identifying and categorising a select range of signs according to handshape
  • following an Auslan text to gain information needed to complete an action-based activity, such as an obstacle course

  VCASFC130 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Informing

• VCASFC148

  Organise and summarise key points of information obtained from different types of Auslan texts

  Elaborations

  • retelling key points of information used in classroom interactions and school activities, such as announcements or directions for a game or task
  • watching Auslan texts that show people expressing likes and dislikes, and recording observations in table form
  • watching a signed presentation by a teacher, peer or visitor and identifying specific points of information
  • surveying peers in relation to their interests and preferences, summarising findings in formats such as profiles, charts or graphs
  • following the steps of a signed demonstration or procedure such as baking/cooking or simple science experiments, checking with each other about ingredients and processes
  • recounting in correct sequence the main points of a shared event such as an assembly performance or sports carnival

  VCASFC148 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Informing

• VCDEC004

  Identify topic, gist and specific points of information in a range of simple spoken and written texts relating to own world and that of other teenagers

  Elaborations

  • identifying key details, expressions and information in conversations and announcements, and using obtained information in new ways, for example, listening to an interview with a German teenager about family and completing a family tree
  • reading and viewing a range of simple texts (promotional brochures, signs, websites and cards) to obtain and compile information about places, lifestyles and events, for example, information related to homes, schools, leisure activities, climate and geography
  • locating, classifying and summarising data such as results of class surveys or information from notices, timetables and announcements, and presenting findings to others, for example, in a digital visual presentation, poster or wall chart
  • gathering information about people, time and activities in German-speaking contexts, and using the information, for example, to create a profile or timetable/timeline to show a sequence of activities/events
  • compiling a list of questions and interviewing a German speaker, such as a visiting exchange student, about family, home, interests and abilities, and presenting the responses in Steckbrief format

  VCDEC004 | Languages | German | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCESC165

  Engage in class activities and discussions through asking and responding to open-ended questions, and expressing or rejecting points of view

  Elaborations

  • using simple and compound sentences and cohesive devices such as Al principio... y luego... porque... por otro lado. Lo importante es...; pienso que... to structure arguments and to explain or justify a position, for example, Pienso que debemos conservar los idiomas Indígenas porque reflejan las culturas
  • initiating and extending conversations and discussion, for example, by using open-ended questions such as ¿Qué pasa? ¿Dónde pasarán las vacaciones? and connectives such as pero, si, entonces, cuando and por eso
  • inviting others to give opinions or make suggestions (¿Qué te pareció la película?, ¿Qué quieres comer?), and using reflective language as set phrases to report and reflect on the experience of learning and using Spanish, for example, Cuando hablo español muevo las manos más. Me gusta el ritmo del español hablado

  VCESC165 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCESC004

  Obtain factual information from a range of spoken, written and digital texts, identify key points and use the information in new ways

  Elaborations

  • identifying key points of information in short spoken or recorded texts such as phone messages, announcements or television advertisements, and transposing them to note form for own reference or to communicate to others
  • identifying details and points of information in texts such as sports commentaries, weather reports or news-flash items and using them to create own messages or announcements, for example, announcing sports results, or cancelling an event due to a bad weather forecast
  • locating, classifying and summarising data collected from sources such as class surveys, notices, timetables and video clips, and presenting findings in suitable formats for different audiences, for example, oral summaries, posters, wall charts, concept maps or timelines
  • reading and viewing texts such as brochures, web posts and video blogs to collect and classify information about people, places or events in the Spanish-speaking world, using different modes of presentation, for example, a timeline to show the sequence of activities or itineraries, or a captioned photo display to create visual effect

  VCESC004 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCFRC022

  Locate specific points of information in different types of texts relating to social and natural worlds

  Elaborations

  • collecting information about different animal species (for example, les insectes, les animaux domestiques/sauvages), and creating a display with names and appropriate adjectives, for example, la fourmi — minuscule; le lion — féroce
  • listening to short spoken texts with some unfamiliar language, identifying points of information, for example, the name and number on a recorded phone message, the age of a child interviewed, some items on a recorded shopping list
  • locating information relating to school activities in a French context (for example, l’emploi du temps, la lecture, l’orthographe, le vocabulaire, les mathématiques) and comparing with own daily schedule
  • ‘finding French’ at home or in the community to create collections or displays, for example, French words used in English language advertisements, shop signs, recipe books or menus

  VCFRC022 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Informing

• VCJAC004

  Locate key points of information in a range of texts and resources and use the information in new ways

  Elaborations

  • identifying key information such as names of people and places, times and activities in familiar types of texts such as conversations, profiles, emails and announcements
  • gathering, classifying and summarising results of class surveys on topics such as students’ likes and interests, family, neighbourhood, activities or habits, and presenting findings to others, for example, ひるごはんに 何(なに)を　食(た)べますか。日(にち)よう日(び)に　何(なに)を　しますか。しゅうまつに　どこに　行(い)きますか。
  • listening to and reading texts and reorganising information to present in new ways, for example, by sequencing activities chronologically by completing a timetable or timeline, chart, table or itinerary
  • reading, listening to and viewing texts such as video clips, brochures, websites, menus, labels and packaging to obtain information about aspects of Japanese culture, for example, daily routines, food, writing systems, significant places or geography
  • locating, interpreting, classifying and listing factual information from modified texts such as notices, timetables, announcements, advertisements or signs
  • identifying cultural values reflected in a range of texts, such as the use of symbols, signs or images in advertising
    

  VCJAC004 | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCVIC004

  Identify and use information such as topic, main ideas and specific points in a range of spoken, written, visual, digital and multimodal texts

  Elaborations

  • reading, viewing and listening to short texts, such as signs, captions, notices, posters, brochures or conversations, and identifying their context, topic, main ideas, audience and purpose
  • locating, classifying and summarising information from a range of sources, such as notices, results of class surveys, announcements and reports, and using memory tools such as tables, charts and concept maps to organise and sequence information
  • collating information from sources such as class surveys, online forums or blog posts
  • gathering information about aspects of Vietnam, such as weather, vegetation, wildlife, foods and drinks, lifestyles, tourist attractions or historical/cultural events, and using the information in new ways, for example, viewing an online map of a local venue and writing directions for visitors
  • comparing details from a range of texts about special occasions and ceremonies, and discussing culture-specific terms and representations
  • researching aspects of Vietnamese culture, history and natural environment, for example, religious beliefs and cultural practices such as đạo Phật, đạo Thiên Chúa, đi chùa, đi nhà thờ, cúng ông bà, cúng giao thừa, tourist attractions such as vịnh Hạ Long, phố cổ Hội An, or prominent historical figures such as Hưng Đạo Vương or Vua Quang Trung, by gathering information from texts and from exchanges with Vietnamese peers and adults

  VCVIC004 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCZHC037

  Engage with characters and points of view in short imaginative texts, express personal opinions and create simple spoken imaginative texts

  Elaborations

  • singing popular songs, exploring the intended meaning of lyrics and the use of stylistic devices such as 比喻 （我爱你,我爱你， 就像老鼠爱大米） or 重复 （我是女生，漂亮的女生，我是女生，爱哭的女生）
  • retelling stories read by the teacher in Chinese and sequencing actions (using 然后), or explaining the cause of an action (using 因为)
  • expressing personal opinions on TV programs or music videos, for example, 我很喜欢中国的 rap
  • participating in performances such as 诗朗诵 and applying specific prosodic features such as ‘tone flow’ (抑扬顿挫) to enhance the effect
  • creating short plays or skits and taking on roles in imagined scenarios such as a shopping trip, fashion show, or visiting or hosting a Chinese friend
  • reading short stories in groups, and summarising the story and conveying the emotions and opinions of characters using, for example, 最、非常、太
  • reading aloud phrases such as 哎呀！天哪！ that are used to highlight the characters reactions to situations or the actions of others.

  VCZHC037 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Creating

• VCZHC167

  Translate short texts for different audiences, identifying what is lost in translation and considering alternative ways to explain key points

  Elaborations

  • identifying the challenges of translating some concepts (for example, 龙的传人: ‘descendant of dragon’), and developing strategies to overcome these; asking, for example: What is lost in translation? Why can’t we just translate word for word? Why does context matter?
  • translating short phrases or texts, noting culture-specific words and phrases, and discussing alternatives, equivalence or non-equivalence
  • discussing reasons for creating different translations for different audiences
  • comparing alternative ways of translating to identify ‘normality’ in one’s linguistic and cultural context, for example, using the term 软饮料 instead of 无酒精饮料 assumes the reader/audience has a degree of connection to English to understand meaning of 软
  • considering ways to convey culture-specific terms (for example, 中药和食疗, 上火，大补) in English

  VCZHC167 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCZHC164

  Plan and convey key points of information and opinions based on information drawn from a range of sources

  Elaborations

  • engaging with different representations of ideas, comparing perspectives and developing an informed position on issues relevant to their life, for example, 在中国有人说移民澳洲好，因为生活轻松； 也有人说移民澳洲不好，因为没有熟悉的家人朋友。我觉得… 因为…
  • discussing perspectives and comparing experiences and opinions relating to issues such as 独生子女政策, noting how some people focus on positive effects on society while others focus on their own personal experiences of being a 独生子女
  • collaborating to produce multimedia displays to share with readers overseas to provide a local insight into issues such as international students in Australia
  • collating information from personal research and writing reports on issues relevant to young people across cultures, for example, pressure to follow fashions and trends, bullying in schools, and inspirational people

  VCZHC164 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCZHC253

  Reflect on the language choices they make when expressing their points of view to others and connect these choices to their identities in Chinese and Australian communities

  Elaborations

  • discussing available choices in how they present their own identity to others and identifying times when they choose to express one aspect of their identity over another
  • reflecting on how their language choices, including the use of English, Chinese, a dialect or accent, are indications of their sense of identity within a particular context
  • considering the differences in their own sense of identity in Australia and when they ‘return home’ (回国) in terms of changes in social contexts and in their relationships with other participants in interactions
  • describing examples of when changes in identity are more evident, such as when they are compared to friends ‘back home’
  • identifying meanings implied in facial expressions, gestures, interjections and exclamations, for example, 哎 can be used to express surprise or dissatisfaction
  • reflecting on how one’s own world view is conveyed through language choices, for example, ‘naming’ China 华夏、九州、神州大地、中原 which reflects their understanding of their history, geography, ethnicity and place in the world

  VCZHC253 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCZHC247

  Evaluate the utility and reliability of sources when accessing information, and use this knowledge to present a point of view for different audiences

  Elaborations

  • identifying bias in texts, examining the values that influence bias, and discussing how bias differs from opinion and perspective, for example, 什么是偏见？ 偏见有哪些表现？ 应该怎样纠正偏见？
  • reading news articles and historical accounts of world events such as natural disasters, Olympic games, celebrations or commemorations of historical significance (such as Anzac Day), and exploring how the author’s personal values and experiences influence their reporting on such events
  • recognising key ideas and reading between the lines, for example, identifying irony and sarcasm in texts (你可真是个气管炎（妻管严）
  • presenting and discussing own position on issues such as attitudes towards recycling, education in rural communities, and impact of social media on young people
  • debating the pros and cons (for example, 这样做的好处是： …这样做的弊端是：…) and presenting a balanced and reasoned argument, for example, 综合各方面的意见， 我们认为…; 根据大家的意见， 我们想提出以下建议…
  • applying effective strategies in a debate, including the art of rebuttal and developing a team line

  VCZHC247 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCZHC055

  Translate texts for different audiences varying the language to explain key points for these different audiences

  Elaborations

  • identifying the challenges of translating some concepts (for example, ‘descendant of dragon’, 龙的传人), and developing strategies to overcome these challenges, for example: What is lost in translation? Why can’t we just translate word for word? Why does context matter?
  • translating short phrases or texts, noting culture-specific words and phrases and discussing alternatives, equivalence or non-equivalence
  • discussing reasons for producing different versions of texts for different audiences
  • describing the impact of subtle differences in language use and the way meanings are implied rather than explicitly stated, for example, the use of 吧 to indirectly reject or refuse others in 我能来看看你吗？ --- 不太好吧？
  • avoiding literal (word-for-word) translations when trying to convey the intended meaning, for example, mediating a response to a compliment such as 你的衣服真漂亮。 ---- 哪有啊?
  • reading bilingual signs in places such as restaurants, shops, pools, schools, hospitals and construction sites (for example, 出口 — ‘exit’, 入口 — ‘entrance’), determining the effectiveness of the English translations and analysing possible reasons for such interpretations
  • comparing word choices for warnings across languages, and discussing ways language is used to convey rules, expectations and permission, for example, comparing 闲人免进 to ‘Staff Only’
  • exploring a range of dictionaries, including online translation tools, and considering how these tools help or hinder in Chinese learning

  VCZHC055 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• Languages | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages: Learning in Non-Roman Alphabet Languages

  The Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority has developed a curriculum for Non-Roman Alphabet languages which will allow these languages to be offered by a Victorian school where there is no specific curriculum available. 

  Diversity of language students

  Understanding the diverse language...

  Overview material | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages