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• VCJAU126

  Understand that language and culture are closely connected

  Elaborations

  • exploring the meaning of ‘culture’, how it involves visible elements, such as ways of eating or symbols such as flags, and invisible elements, such as how people live, how they think about themselves and others and how they relate to their environment
  • understanding that learning and using Japanese involves becoming familiar with some different ways of communicating, for example, いただきます、ごちそうさま, and also some ways of thinking about things and behaving that may be unfamiliar
  • noticing similarities and differences between classroom interactions in Japanese and English, for example, referring to the teacher using only せんせい
  • understanding that culture and cultural behaviours are woven into languages and cannot be separated from them, for example, it is possible to bow without a spoken greeting in Japanese but not to greet without bowing

  VCJAU126 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCKOC011

  Reflect on own identity, including identity as a user and learner of Korean, comparing observations made about experiences over time

  Elaborations

  • communicating / sharing information about own identities in terms of cultural background and personal and social experience, using declarative and descriptive statements, for example, 저는중국계 호주 사람이에요; (저는) 한국어하고 스페인어를 해요; (저는) … 회원이에요
  • preparing information to exchange with Korean-speaking students, such as a class profile showing cultural backgrounds, languages used in the home, interests and values, and using resources such as photos, captions, quotes and symbols
  • sharing ideas about how cultural aspects embedded in or accompanying Korean language use might be perceived differently in different cultures, for example, politeness, terms of address, and gestures such as bowing when greeting older people, using fingers when counting, or pointing with the index finger
  • sharing feelings or ideas on the reciprocal benefits of learning and knowing each other’s language and culture, for example, mutual understanding and friendship between themselves and peers from a Korean background

  VCKOC011 | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCLVC180

  Create a range of spoken, written and multimodal texts to entertain others, involving real or imagined contexts and characters

  Elaborations

  • creating a rap or skit to entertain others, including digital or performative elements,
  • creating own visual and performative art work, using symbols and techniques appropriate to Country/Place to convey a message or emotion
  • taking on the role of a character from a story and responding to questions in-role
  • creating and performing real or imagined experiences, using expressive language, gestures and supporting materials to create dramatic effect
  • creating animations, short plays or stories to present in class or to share with a wider virtual audience
  • composing simple songs, sporting chants, jingles, posters or advertisements for real or imagined situations or products
  • telling the story of a real or imagined journey, involving a variety of characters, places and events
  • collaborating with community to tell stories

  VCLVC180 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCVIC145

  Engage with imaginative texts, including digital and multimodal, by identifying and describing key elements such as themes, settings, characters and events

  Elaborations

  • identifying and describing key elements of an imaginative text, such as settings, characters and events, by asking and responding to questions such as ở đâu? khi nào? ai? làm gì? như thế nào? tại sao?, or by producing a profile of a character or a timeline of events
  • reading or viewing imaginative texts in print, digital or multimodal forms, such as poems, cartoons, stories, folk tales or films, and performing scenes that illustrate aspects of a character’s attitudes, personality or reactions, the story’s ending or the writer’s message
  • illustrating an extract of text by selecting images, for example, a picture, colour, symbol or emoticon, to express the content, mood or key message of the text
  • participating in imaginative exchanges such as a role-play between characters from a story

  VCVIC145 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Creating

• VCZHU241

  Analyse features of classical literature in their original and contemporary forms, and apply features of 文言文 and 古文 in their own language use, identifying rules of intonation in classical poems and the impact of these rules on modern poetry

  Elaborations

  • exploring symbolism in classical literature and in modern pop culture, such as the connotations of key terms such as 凤凰
  • discussing the revival of the study of traditional texts (国学) and the reasons for such interest in the past
  • considering the role technology plays in their own lives and how it impacts on the ways they communicate with others and use language to convey ideas
  • identifying examples of internet language and discussing how these shape or impact their own language use, for example, 囧 、 槑 、 烎
  • comparing ‘internet novel’ (网络小说) with contemporary 小说 and identifying the impact of the internet in popularising and increasing access to Chinese literature

  VCZHU241 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCZHU032

  Identify how terms are used to indicate relationships and express aspects of culture that may be different from their own

  Elaborations

  • participating in exchanging good wishes in celebrations such as 龙年快乐, and comparing cultural practices of celebration from around the world
  • exploring the use of language and symbolic images during cultural events, and describing the cultural meaning represented, for example, looking at the use of the colour red during Chinese New Year and in good wishes of 红红火火 and asking why red is so widely used during celebrations in China; What is the cultural connotation of 红？
  • discussing possible reasons why Chinese family names are placed before given names, and exploring the cultural meaning of various Chinese names, for example, 静 ，明， 勇
  • exploring the more complicated Chinese kinship relationships, and learning to address family members with a title rather than by their given names, for example, drawing a family tree and labelling each member with their Chinese title

  VCZHU032 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | The role of language and culture

• VCZHU128

  Recognise differences and similarities in communication across cultures, such as greetings, names and gestures

  Elaborations

  • viewing and listening to Chinese and Australian cartoons and identifying similarities and differences
  • examining pictures of different marketplaces and noticing differences between food markets and grocery stores in China and Australia
  • observing what is the same and what is different in their classroom interactions and classroom interactions in China
  • discussing communicative practices across cultures and identifying culture-specific practices (for example 拜年) in Chinese culture, including noting culture-specific phrases used in either Chinese or English
  • recognising various ways in which familiar concepts are expressed in different cultures, such as greetings
  • using non-verbal communication, such as gestures and facial expressions, for example, showing numbers 1–10 with fingers
  • recognising ways in which people express their culture in music, dance, traditional stories, food, games and celebrations
  • recognising visible expressions of identity such as flags, maps, traditional dress, and landmarks
  • exploring cultural symbols and practices through stories, songs, dances, games and crafts

  VCZHU128 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCFRU036

  Notice differences between French, Australian and other cultures’ practices and how these are reflected in language

  Elaborations

  • identifying cultural symbols such as art forms, flags, national dishes or sporting emblems associated with different francophone countries and regions (for example, le tricolore in France, le Fleurdelisé in Québec, le Kanak in la Nouvelle Calédonie), and comparing with different Australian cultural expressions and symbols, for example, flags, sporting logos, national celebrations, and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander arts
  • understanding that language carries information about the people who use it and that common expressions often reflect cultural values, for example, French terms of affection used with children often relate to either food or animals (mon petit chou, mon lapin)
  • exploring how and why some languages have more words related to particular things than other languages do, for example, Australian-English words associated with surfing (‘bomb’, ‘barrel’, ‘tube’, ‘snaking’), or French words for different kinds of breads and cakes (une baguette, une ficelle, une religieuse, un mille-feuille)
  • learning how to talk about culture and language, using terms such as ‘meaning’, ‘difference’ and ‘behaviour’, and thinking about values, ideas and traditions which sit inside language, for example, responding to prompts such as: What does it mean when…? What is the difference between…? Why do you think that people…?

  VCFRU036 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCVIU187

  Understand the relationship between purpose, audience, context, linguistic features, and textual and cultural elements associated with different types of personal, reflective, informative and persuasive texts

  Elaborations

  • analysing how language choices help achieve particular purposes and effects, for example, descriptive language to promote a product, evaluative language to reflect on an experience or to review a literary work, persuasive language to influence audience, or humorous techniques to entertain
  • recognising and explaining cultural aspects reflected in a range of texts, including multimodal and digital texts, such as school reports, weather reports, official announcements, television programs, or recipes, particularly in the use of idiomatic expressions or proverbs
  • identifying appropriate salutations, depending on personal relationship or social ranking, in specific text types such as emails, speeches or interviews, for example, Kính thưa … /Thưa … , …thân mến/thương mến, kính chào/chào …
  • understanding and transforming texts to suit different purposes (to persuade, to entertain), different audiences (children, adolescents, Vietnamese people, Australians) and different types of texts (an article, a report, speech)
  • understanding the importance of choosing a text type appropriate to their audience and purpose, for example, a speech to persuade Year 8 students to choose Vietnamese as their elective in Year 9, or an article to express own opinions on the impact of technology on teenagers
  • recognising and analysing similarities or differences that might be culturally significant across cultures, for example, similarities such as the use of the heart as a symbol of love or pigeons as a symbol of peace, and differences such as the use of the colour white to signify purity in Western cultures but bad luck in Eastern cultures
  • recognising and discussing cultural concepts or values reflected in texts, for example, cultural icons used in commercial advertisements
  • identifying language features and cultural references that contribute to the overall meaning or purpose of texts, for example, a rhetorical question such as Chẳng lẽ chúng ta chịu bó tay sao? to call for action, or truyền thống tôn sư trọng đạo to promote the value of education

  VCVIU187 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCDEC107

  Convey factual information about self, family and possessions through pictures, labels, captions and short descriptions, using familiar words and modelled language

  Elaborations

  • using key words and simple phrases to annotate a picture, diagram or photo for public display
  • contributing to a digital photo story on Meine Klasse, for example, writing and recording captions to own photos (Das bin ich. Ich heiße… und ich bin… Das ist meine Mami. Sie ist nett)
  • using simple sentence structures, familiar vocabulary, supporting resources and gestures to communicate about self and the immediate environment, for example, Ich bin im Kindergarten. Ich bin in Klasse 1. Das ist mein Kissen.
  • conveying aspects of shared knowledge about German language and culture, such as by pointing to places on a map or pictures of symbols or typical foods, for example, Das ist Deutschland. Die Flagge ist Schwarz-Rot-Gold.

  VCDEC107 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Informing

• VCDEC011

  Reflect on experiences of learning and using another language, and share aspects of own identity, such as age, interests and family background, reflecting on how these impact on intercultural exchange

  Elaborations

  • sharing ideas about the experience of learning and using German, including any perceived changes in levels of confidence, or in attitudes to culture and intercultural communication, for example, ‘How did I feel when I first heard/spoke German? How do I feel now?’
  • preparing a class profile to exchange with German-speaking students, showing cultural backgrounds, languages used in the home, interests and values, and using resources such as photos, captions, quotes and symbols
  • annotating a family tree with information about family members, such as significant places or languages spoken, identifying own heritage (Ich bin Australier/-in. Mein Opa kommt aus Griechenland.), and reflecting on how own background has shaped identity
  • participating in a discussion in English about an aspect of identity, for example, considering the impact of a school uniform on personal identity and exploring how German students might view wearing a school uniform
  • comparing aspects of identity that may be important across cultures, such as state, country, ethnic group, language, religion, age, gender, and position in family

  VCDEC011 | Languages | German | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCDEU114

  Recognise and reproduce the sounds and rhythms of spoken German, including distinctive sounds

  Elaborations

  • building phonic awareness by recognising and experimenting with sounds and rhythms, focusing on those that are novel and initially difficult such as ch (ich or acht), u (du), r (rot) and z (zehn)
  • developing pronunciation, phrasing and intonation skills by singing, reciting and repeating words and phrases in context
  • developing familiarity with the German alphabet and sound–letter correspondence through singing das Alphabetlied, identifying and naming letters, tracing words, and playing alphabet and spelling games such as Ich sehe was, was du nicht siehst using initial sounds or Galgenmännchen
  • understanding that although German and English use the same alphabet there are additional symbols in German: the Umlaut to alter the pronunciation of particular vowels (ä, ö, ü) and the Eszett (β)
  • noticing that all nouns are capitalised in German

  VCDEU114 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCDEU017

  Understand that language use is shaped by and reflects the values, ideas and norms of a community

  Elaborations

  • investigating connections between language and significant cultural values or practices in Australia and German-speaking countries, for example, individual rights, shared social responsibility, respect for the environment, Reconciliation, anti-racism, ‘fair go’
  • developing language to analyse and explain the nature of the relationship between language and culture, using terms such as ‘meaning’, ‘perspective’, ‘values’, ‘assumptions’ and ‘difference’
  • examining examples of cultural representation in language, symbols and behaviour, such as die Märchenstraβe, (lack of) speed limits on the Autobahn, national flags, and the ‘visibility’ of the European Union through placement of its logo (for example, on car numberplates)
  • recognising that there are different and/or multiple expressions that communicate ideas across cultures, for example, when describing Brot or school excursions (Klassenfahrt, Wandertag)
  • exploring how origin, geography and religion are directly connected to lifestyle, daily practices and language use, for example, Recycling, Kaffee und Kuchen, Wandern, religious/public holidays, choice of Fremdsprachen offered in schools
  • participating in guided discussion on the nature and role of ‘culture’ and its relationship with language, with reference to German, English and other known languages

  VCDEU017 | Languages | German | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCELC158

  Convey and present information and ideas on a range of topics in different types of texts and modes

  Elaborations

  • responding to questions on a variety of topics for a range of purposes, for example, a report on a holiday destination, comparing travel brochures and itineraries, identifying transport and accommodation options, costs, and places of interest, for example, Πόσο μακριά είναι η Ακρόπολη από το Λυκαβηττό; Σε αυτή την εκδρομή μπορούμε να επισκεφθούμε πολλά ιστορικά μέρη
  • presenting findings from interviews with peers in own class or in Greek-speaking classes and settings, using formats such as profile posters, charts and timelines, for example, Πόσα μέλη έχει η οικογένειά σου; Πόσες γλώσσες μιλούν ή μαθαίνουν τα παιδιά στην Αυστραλία;
  • summarising and conveying the main points of texts, deducing the meaning of some unknown words and phrases, and identifying known cultural references, images and other content which contribute to the overall meaning, for example, images of the Acropοlis and the symbol of the owl, or the olive wreath representing peace and the Olympic Games
  • organising and presenting information for a Greek-speaking audience, for example, a web page describing and explaining leisure activities of young people in Australia
  • reporting in either a journal/diary entry or article for a school magazine on own and others’ experiences of events such as a concert, school camp, excursion or new educational computer game

  VCELC158 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCELC019

  Participate in collaborative planning and decision-making for events and shared experiences, and engage in different transactions

  Elaborations

  • planning a performance, event or presentation, making decisions collaboratively, for example, a class party, activities for languages week
  • making transactions in either authentic or simulated situations, such as purchasing goods, checking receipts to confirm the price and other information relating to a purchase, for example, currency conversion, change, το ευρώ, τα δολάρια, η έκπτωση
  • planning an orientation activity to guide younger students around the school, and collaboratively developing a map of the school with Greek names and symbols, for example, Πού είναι ...; δεξιά, αριστερά, πάνω, κάτω, μέσα, έξω, η καντίνα, το γραφείο
  • planning collaboratively for an event by participating in scenarios related to travelling in Greece or Cyprus, for example, planning an itinerary, Τη Δευτέρα θα πάμε στην Ακρόπολη, Την Τρίτη θα είμαστε στο Σούνιο
  • sharing opinions about the benefits of visiting various tourist sites in Greece or Cyprus, for example, Θέλω να πάω στα νησιά/στην Ακρόπολη/στο μουσείο ... γιατί/επειδή…

  VCELC019 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCESC112

  Locate specific words and expressions in simple print, spoken and digital texts such as charts, lists, songs, rhymes and stories, and use information to complete guided spoken and written tasks

  Elaborations

  • listening for key words in stories, rhymes or songs, using intonation and visual cues such as gestures and facial expressions to assist understanding
  • recognising symbols, words and phrases in written Spanish such as titles, labels and captions
  • participating in shared reading of print and digital texts such as Big Book stories about familiar events or contexts (Los tres cerditos, Tico tango), using pictures, intonation and contextual clues to predict meaning and identify key information
  • demonstrating comprehension of individual words and phrases in simple spoken, written and digital texts by actions such as labelling, drawing, miming or onscreen pointing, clicking or dragging
  • responding to questions about participants and objects that elicit details such as size, colour, quantity or place, for example, ¿De qué color es la casa…? La casa es azul. ¿Dónde está el gato? El gato está en Lima. ¿Cuántos cerdos hay? ¿Tico es grande o pequeño?

  VCESC112 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Informing

• VCESU036

  Understand the role of language and culture in shaping cultural identity and consider how learning a second language encourages a broadening of perspectives

  Elaborations

  • participating in guided discussion and reflection on the nature and role of ‘culture’ and its relationship with language, noting any shifts in own attitudes or understandings about culture, identity and diversity as a consequence of learning and using Spanish
  • talking with bilingual speakers about the experience of using more than one language, for example, by asking questions such as: ‘Do you identify more strongly with one language? Do you express yourself differently in each language? Do you feel like the same “you” when speaking each language?’
  • discussing ways in which learning a different language can lead to new ways of thinking or interpreting experience, for example, by providing different perspectives on the experience of younger or older people or in relation to family roles and relationships
  • developing language for thinking and talking about cultural representation and expression, for example, terms such as ‘perspectives’, ‘values’, ‘images’, ‘stereotypes’, ‘inclusions’ and ‘exclusions’
  • critically analysing texts such as advertisements, brochures, catalogues, graffiti and websites in Spanish that show different representations of culture, reflecting on language use, images and symbols

  VCESU036 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCFRC004

  Identify key points of information in simple texts

  Elaborations

  • recognising symbols, words and phrases of written French, for example, labels, titles and captions
  • listening for key words in stories, rhymes or songs, using intonation and visual cues such as gestures and facial expressions to assist understanding
  • shared reading of texts such as Big Book stories about familiar events or contexts (for example, Les amis de la ferme or Raconte et Chante), using pictures, intonation and contextual clues to predict meaning and identify key characters and events
  • making connections between information in written texts and images, for example, naming toys and games in toy catalogues such as Jouets pour les tout petits, selecting and listing items and prices
  • identifying key points in a range of spoken, written or digital texts by actions such as miming and drawing, or onscreen pointing, clicking or dragging (for interactive programs such as Petit Pont)

  VCFRC004 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Informing

• VCFRC101

  Notice own and others’ ways of expressing identity, and consider the relationship between language, culture and identity

  Elaborations

  • talking about own identities in terms of cultural background and personal and social experience, using declarative and descriptive statements, for example, je suis australien d’origine italienne; je parle vietnamien et anglais; je suis membre de l’équipe…
  • preparing a class profile to exchange with French-speaking students, showing cultural backgrounds, languages used in the home, interests and values, and using resources such as photos, captions, quotes and symbols
  • considering the impact of stereotypes on how texts are understood and intercultural experiences interpreted
  • sharing personal reactions and feelings when using French, using prompts such as: Am I the same ‘me’ when speaking French? Does my identity change? How do I feel when…?
  • observing others’ ways of communicating, identifying elements of language or behaviour that might be unfamiliar to people from different cultures or communities, for example, ways of addressing people and expressing wishes, rituals associated with school sports, and the use of body language

  VCFRC101 | Languages | French | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCFRU108

  Explore the relationship between language and culture

  Elaborations

  • exploring how language and culture influence each other, for example, French terms of address that reflect respect and status such as Madame la Directrice and Monsieur le Président; diverse cuisines and food-related terms and expressions that reflect cultural diversity in contemporary France or Australia
  • investigating connections between language and significant cultural values or practices in French, English and other languages, for example, la Marianne; la patrie; la laïcité; Reconciliation, Aussie Rules, ‘fair go’
  • noticing how people think and talk about themselves and others, for example, comparing ways of addressing and thinking about older people or strangers
  • creating a gift pack of symbols and expressions to introduce French students to Australian languages and cultures, and explaining the reasons for particular choices
  • developing language to analyse and explain the nature of the language–culture relationship, using terms such as ‘meaning’, ‘perspective’, ‘values’, ‘assumptions’ and ‘difference’
  • reflecting on own tastes, interests and language use that have been shaped by intercultural influences, for example, Japanese manga or anime, or American fashion, music and dance

  VCFRU108 | Languages | French | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture