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• VCHIC075

  Use communicative strategies such as asking open questions and providing elaborated responses to extend discussion, justify views and to reflect on the experience of learning and using Hindi in and out of school

  Elaborations

  • extending discussion on topics of shared interest by inviting opinions or further elaboration and by clarifying or justifying statements, for example, इसका क्या प्रभाव पड़ेगा, मुझे विस्तार से बताओ। मेरे कहने का तात्पर्य है कि …; तुम यह कहना चाहते हो कि …; मुझे लगता है कि …
  • designing websites, posters or presentations that reflect on challenges and benefits associated with the experience of learning and using Hindi in the classroom context, for example, मैं बहुत अच्छी हिंदी बोल लेता हूँ, मगर लिखते समय लिंग को लेकर अनेक गलतियाँ होती हैं l हिंदी सीख जाने से मैं अपने दादा-दादी के साथ अच्छी तरह से बातचीत कर पाऊँगी। हिंदी सीखना मुश्किल लग रहा है मगर दिलचस्प बात यह है कि अब मैं हिन्दी फ़िल्मों का पहले से अधिक आनंद ले रही हूँl
  • reflecting on differences between forms of Hindi spoken at home and in the classroom, such as the use of more words influenced by English in the home context, for example, स्कूल compared to विद्यालय, मम्मी-पापा compared to माता-पिता
  • identifying and comparing learning strategies that support their formal study of Hindi in the school context, for example, learning grammar and textual conventions associated with different domains of language use and using purer forms of the language
  • identifying and discussing Hindi idioms and proverbs that may be applied to the experience of learning languages, for example, आकाश से तारे तोड़ लाना; कमर कसना, अब पछताए होत क्या जब चिड़िया चुग गई खेत

  VCHIC075 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCHIU103

  Develop knowledge of key elements of the Hindi grammatical and vocabulary systems, such as sentence structures, use of pronouns, postpositions and gender and number agreements

  Elaborations

  • identifying people by using pronouns in singular and plural forms, for example, मैं, हम, यह, ये, तुम, तू, आप, मैं, मेरा, तुम्हारा।
  • recognising and using pronouns for places and objects, for example, यहाँ, वहाँ, यह, वह
  • referring to objects and describing quantities using cardinal numbers, for example, एक, दो, पाँच, सात and पाँच रोटियाँ, दस गिलास
  • learning the structure of declarative and interrogative verb forms, for example, by composing simple statements and questions based on models such as तुम मेरे साथ चलो। तुम कैसे हो?
  • understanding that verbs change according to the gender and number of the noun, as in लड़का गाता है। लड़की गाती है। लड़के गाते हैं।
  • using simple verb tenses such as गया था, जाऊँगा, जा रहा हूँ, खाया था, खा रहा हूँ, खाऊँगा
  • using adjectives to describe characteristics or qualities of a person or object, such as nationality, shape or colour, and noticing that they change with gender and number, for example, छोटा लड़का, छोटी लड़की, छोटे लड़के, छोटे लड़के को, छोटे लड़कों को
  • using possessive adjectives to express ownership, for example, मेरी पुस्तक, तुम्हारा बस्ता
  • positioning adverbs correctly in sentences, for example, धीरे-धीरे, जल्दी में, दौड़ते हुए
  • using ordinal numbers such as पहला, दूसरा
  • using negative forms of verbs and adjectives, for example, सोहन ने फिल्म नहीं देखी। झूठ कभी मत बोलो।
  • building lexical competence for example, by collating vocabulary sets in relation to meaning or function, such as words for different kinds of fruit such as आम, पपीता, अमरुद, नारंगी, संतरा, मौसंबी or verbs of action such as जाना, आना, पहुँचना, लौटना, घूमना, भटकना.

  VCHIU103 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCIDC110

  Translate informative and imaginative texts from Indonesian to English and vice versa, comparing own interpretations with others and discussing what differs and why

  Elaborations

  • translating texts such as signs, announcements, notices, songs, advertisements, or extracts from stories and films, and then comparing own translation with peers’, discussing differences between versions and considering reasons for these
  • analysing texts for culture-specific terms and expressions (for example, masuk angin, kerok, nasi sudah menjadi bubur) and considering how best to represent these in another language
  • analysing a familiar text in its translated form (for example, a nursery rhyme, children’s story, advertisement or web page translated into Indonesian), noticing what has or has not been effectively translated, and considering what the challenges are and how the text could be improved
  • finding ways to represent culture-specific expressions — for example, geography (‘suburb’, RW/RT, tanah air), food (‘wheat/dairy free’, halal, gurih), and values (‘equality’, gotong royong) — such as by adding a brief description or explanation, for example, ‘pendopo, a kind of outdoor meeting area or pavilion’
  • using print dictionaries and electronic translators to support the translation process, including doing ‘back translations’, noticing when a word or expression does or does not translate readily and considering why

  VCIDC110 | Languages | Indonesian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCIDU084

  Understand the power of language to influence people’s actions, values and beliefs, and appreciate the value of linguistic diversity

  Elaborations

  • analysing texts to understand how language can limit, promote or change actions, for example, use of mohon, harap, tolong, jangan, dilarang
  • recognising the purpose of particular texts to impact emotionally on others such as by influencing opinions and reactions, for example, in persuasive texts such as advertisements or reviews of a film, concert or fashion
  • analysing the language of social and political messages to explore attitudes, values and beliefs, for example, mohon jangan merokok, dua anak lebih baik, jangan pakai narkoba, persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa Indonesia, anak bangsa, sebangsa dan setanah air
  • noticing how jargon or specific terms may be used to express membership and identity, for example, within the religious groups Insya Allah, Puji Tuhan, Syukur, Alhamdulilah
  • examining how words, expressions and actions reflect relationships and social hierarchies (for example, use of the terms of address Bapak/Ibu, Anda and kamu), and showing respect by introducing oneself to the most senior or eldest person first
  • appreciating the social and cultural functions performed by language, and recognising the importance of diverse languages to convey alternative perspectives and ideas

  VCIDU084 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCIDU068

  Understand that language is not neutral and that its use reflects cultural ideas, assumptions and perspectives

  Elaborations

  • analysing culture-specific values reflected in Indonesian language such as respect for diversity, social justice and social responsibility (for example, Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, gotong-royong, budi pekerti, selamatan), and comparing these values to those evident in own language and culture
  • analysing the meaning and nuances of culture-specific descriptions such as ramai, sepi, gemuk, rendah hati
  • recognising that there are culture-specific meanings associated with body language, for example, hands on hips suggests arrogance and aggression; the use of words like kita shows inclusiveness while kalau saya tidak salah shows humility
  • examining cultural representation in the Indonesian language system, such as the gender-neutral terms (for example, dia, pacar), the omission of personal pronouns, particularly saya (for example, Bisa datang ke rumah?), and the use of cardinal directions, for example, utara, selatan, timur, barat
  • recognising that language and cultural practices are interconnected, and that expressions with religious origins or connotations are commonplace, for example, selamat, Salam, Astaga, OMG, Asslam Walaikum, Insyah Allah
  • investigating and using language associated with significant cultural practices and events such as celebrations, for example, Selamat Hari Kemerdekaaan (Indonesian Independence Day), Maaf lahir batin (Ramadan), Panjang umurnya (birthdays), Selamat Hari Raya Nyepi (Balinese New Year)

  VCIDU068 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCIDU118

  Recognise how Indonesian impacts and is impacted by social, political and cultural changes, such as new information and communication technologies

  Elaborations

  • recognising how and why a language may borrow vocabulary and expressions from other languages, particularly when adopting new products and practices, for example, English terms for technology adapted to Indonesian grammar (nge-lunch, meng-upload, ngopi, memfotokopi), and the use of texting language for convenience and humour
  • analysing word borrowings in Indonesian, such as from Arabic (Assalam alaikum), English (teknis, format), Dutch (rekening, wortel, kantor), Sanskrit (bahasa, belanja), Tamil (roti, mangga) and Javanese (alon-alon asal kelakon), and exploring borrowings in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages from languages in Indonesia, such as the use of Makassan terms in Yolngu (balanda, rupiah)
  • understanding that cultures are constantly changing and consist of multiple subcultures with distinctive language practices such as family sayings and teenage slang, for example, nongkrong, gebetan, cowok/cewek
  • investigating how the language of texts in public spaces, such as signs and graffiti, can reflect opinions, values and beliefs, including controversial or political ideas, for example, reformasi

  VCIDU118 | Languages | Indonesian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCITC062

  Analyse, summarise and share key ideas and information from a range of texts

  Elaborations

  • comparing Italian travel brochures and itineraries, identifying aspects such as transport arrangements, costs, places of interest and accommodation options, for example, to advise visitors or to plan an itinerary for a particular group of visitors, Si può andare a …; sia in treno che in autobus; l’autobus è più economico; costa meno …; può fermarsi a ….
  • interviewing peers (from their own class or from Italian schools) about routines, practices, preferences and choices, and presenting the findings using formats such as profile posters, charts and timelines, for example, L’esito del questionario sulla musica: il cantante italiano è più popolare, ma quello americano è …
  • viewing television programs and listening to radio news, and identifying key information, for example, Attenzione, elencare solo le città e i film
  • summarising the main points of texts, deducing the meaning of some unknown words and phrases, and identifying cultural references, as well as representations, images and other content which contribute to the overall meaning, for example, Alcuni ragazzi vivono in famiglie numerose, con i nonni o in famiglie allargate con nuovi genitori e altri fratelli e sorelle
  • using a range of tools such as graphs, tables, mind maps, concept maps and charts to organise findings and present them to others
  • comparing different perspectives on specified topics

  VCITC062 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCITC030

  Compare experiences, noticing how these are influenced by language and culture and how readily they may be expressed in Italian

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on cultural differences between everyday life in Italy and Australia, for example, asking how their school day would change if they went to primary school in Italy or what they would find interesting about sharing a lunch with an Italian family, and why; and considering what they would tell a visiting Italian child about how their own family celebrates Christmas, and explaining their choices
  • noticing the influence of important events such as religious celebrations on childhood experiences (for example, le lezioni settimanali di catechismo, la Prima Comunione, andare alla Scuola Media) and connecting these to their own experiences
  • recognising similarities in the Italian and Australian schooling systems (for example, la maestra, l’aula, il cortile), and differences (for example, il bidello, la mensa, il giardino, le scale), and noticing that the Italian school day is different for cultural reasons
  • noticing similarities between Australian and Italian cultures in major celebrations like Christmas (l’albero di Natale) and Easter (l’uovo di cioccolata), as well as differences, for example, the presence of il presepe at Christmas, and the presence of la sorpresa dentro all’uovo di cioccolata at Easter
  • noticing how their own language use influences expectations about Italian language use, such as seeing word order as ‘back to front’, for example, la macchina rossa = the red car
  • discussing distinctive social and cultural practices such as celebrations, for example, Santo Stefano, Ferragosto, Carnevale or Pasquetta
  • considering messages in Italian children’s stories and making comparisons with own experiences, for example, Is that the same or different for me? What would I do or say in that particular situation?
  • considering own and others’ cultural assumptions about home, school and leisure, and how these may be different in an Italian context

  VCITC030 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCITU090

  Extend grammatical knowledge, including present, past and future tenses, and the conditional and subjunctive mood, to interpret and create meaning in texts

  Elaborations

  • introducing additional information when describing actions, people and objects by using a range of prepositions, including articulated prepositions and special uses of a, di and da, for example, Pratico il nuoto da 6 anni. Hai una faccia da schiaffi! Fatto a mano!
  • using pronouns to refer to the person carrying out an action or to refer to somebody or something, including personal pronouns (use, position and elusion), reflexive pronouns, direct and indirect object pronouns, relative pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, possessive pronouns, and the use of the impersonal si, ci/vi, ne
  • using adverbs and adverbial phrases of manner, place and time to modify the meaning of verbs and adjectives, for example, proprio, troppo, abbastanza, specialmente, soprattutto, spesso, quasi mai, nemmeno, neanche
  • describing events across different times, choosing appropriate tenses, including present, present perfect, imperfect and future tenses, conditional and the subjunctive mood
  • connecting or elaborating clauses by using conjunctions, including siccome, invece, sebbene, nonostante, anche, dunque, quindi, cioè
  • using cohesive devices to link, clarify, contrast, relate or sequence ideas and modify meaning in written and spoken texts, for example, Non avevo più soldi, quindi sono tornato a casa
  • developing metalanguage to extend discussions of word order, tenses and verb moods, using terms such as ‘adverbs’, ‘pronouns’, ‘conditional’ and ‘subjunctive’, for example, How do we form the present perfect tense of a reflexive verb? What is meant by the subjunctive and when is it used?

  VCITU090 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCJAC003

  Interact in classroom routines and exchanges such as asking and responding to questions, requesting help, repetition or permission, following instructions, or giving praise and encouragement

  Elaborations

  • using set phrases, formulaic expressions and appropriate gestures for regular classroom routines such as opening and closing lessons and responding to roll call, for example, きりつ, れい, ちゃくせき、はい、います。いません。
  • asking the meaning of words and how to say something in Japanese, requesting repetition and indicating whether or not they understand, for example, はい、わかりました。いいえ、ちょっと　わかりません。日本語(にほんご)で　何(なん) ですか。すみません、もう　いちど。
  • using formulaic expressions to ask for clarification (for example, ～は　えい語(ご)で　何(なん)　ですか。十四(じゅうよん)ページ　ですか。) or permission (for example,トイレに　行(い)っても　いい　ですか。), to apologise for lateness or interrupting (for example, すみません、ちょっと　いい　ですか。おくれて　すみません。), and to borrow classroom objects (for example,えんぴつを　かして　ください。けしゴム、ありますか。)
  • using appropriate language and behaviour when giving and receiving classroom objects, for example, どうぞ。ありがとう　ございます。
  • following instructions to complete an activity or to get organised, for example, たって　ください。三人(さんにん)グループに　なって　ください。
  • praising, complimenting and encouraging others, for example, じょうず　ですね。いい　ですね。よく　できました。すごい　ですね。もうちょっと　です。がんばりましょう。

  VCJAC003 | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCJAC184

  Analyse ideas presented in a range of texts, identifying context, purpose and intended audience

  Elaborations

  • identifying underlying values, cultural references and the purpose and intended audience of different types of community texts such as advertisements or posters
  • summarising the gist and some specific details of media texts such as documentary features or community notices
  • comparing and evaluating perspectives and intentions reflected in texts such as public information notices or street signs in Japanese and Australian contexts, identifying words, expressions or images that suggest cultural similarities or differences
  • scanning websites of Japanese schools or clubs, discussing and comparing choices they would make in relation to offered activities if they were students in that context
  • identifying culture-specific terms and representations in Japanese promotional materials such as travel brochures, symbols on maps, magazine features or online resources, for example, 小学校(しょうがっこう)の新聞(しんぶん)
  • planning a real or imagined trip to a selected region of Japan, using resources such as internet sites and travel brochures to map out elements such as transport, itineraries and selected events, for example, しんかんせんにのりたいですね。 広島(ひろしま)に行きましょうか。
  • analysing key perspectives or themes reflected in interview data collected from Japanese speakers discussing roles and responsibilities in home, school and community contexts, and comparing with their own views on the topics

  VCJAC184 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCJAC026

  Translate familiar social and community texts, such as emails, chat room posts, public signs and notices, from Japanese into English and vice versa, considering the role of culture when transferring meaning from one language to another

  Elaborations

  • creating glossaries to explain concepts encountered in Japanese social texts and interactions that reflect cultural values or experiences, for example, よろしくおねがいします。いらっしゃいませ。ただいま。おかえりなさい。
  • explaining why some terms cannot be used interchangeably in Japanese as they can in English, for example, すみません/ごめんなさい。ください/おねがいします。こんにちは/もしもし。
  • examining literal translations of everyday social interactions in Japanese and identifying culturally significant concepts, for example, sayingごちそうさま。 after meals, orすみません。 in a restaurant, or terms used for apologising or excusing
  • evaluating the effectiveness of electronic translators, for example, by comparing back-translations of short texts or formulaic phrases, identifying instances of non-equivalence and noticing the potential pitfalls of literal translation
  • using print, electronic and online dictionaries effectively by taking context into account when interpreting the meaning of words or phrases, for example, ただいま、おかえり、ねます (go to bed), あし (foot/leg)
  • considering differences between Japanese and English language used to describe people, for example, 目(め)がほそい。はながたかい 。
  • finding and using Japanese equivalents for conversation fillers such as ‘um’ and ‘yes’, for example, ええとあのうはいうん
  • translating texts such as public signs, notices or advertisements from Japanese into English and vice versa, comparing elements such as levels of politeness or degree of directness, for example, ましょう form in Japanese, ‘Keep clean (きれいにしましょう)’ translates into ‘Do not litter’ in English

  VCJAC026 | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCLAE002

  Convey information and ideas about the daily life and attitudes of the Romans, in oral, written and digital forms, using Latin as appropriate

  Elaborations

  • gathering, collating and presenting information about daily routine in the Roman world, such as posters or digital displays about family life, education, food, hygiene, exercise, with annotations in English or words and simple phrases in Latin
  • reading stories about the daily lives of ancient Romans, and recreating their everyday experiences, for example, through role play or an imaginative animated cartoon
  • comparing details from different sources about where Roman people lived, such as in tenements or houses, or on country estates, for example, through dioramas or drawings, with labels in English or Latin, and discussing what they reveal about different lifestyles in the Classical period
  • researching the purpose and function of spaces in a Roman home, such as in a domus or a villa, for an oral or digital presentation, using labels in English and Latin, for example, vestibulum, atrium, triclinium, cubicula, peristylium
  • examining artefacts from the Roman period, such as those from Pompeii, and discussing what they reveal about the everyday lives of Romans
  • collating and sharing information online about Roman engineering and infrastructure, such as roads, aqueducts, cloaca maxima
  • researching the attitudes of Romans revealed in Graeco-Roman myths and legends and acting out stories, such as Romulus and Remus, or Hercules’ labours, to convey these attitudes
  • gathering and creating a class bank of information from texts about Roman religious beliefs and practices, for example, Olympian deities, Lares et Penates, special festivals such as the Liberalia and the Vestalia
  • reading accounts of historical events, such as Pliny’s eyewitness account of the eruption of Vesuvius, and presenting information in new ways, for example, creating and recording own news report or documentary, making comparisons between Pliny’s account and an online reconstruction of the eruption

  VCLAE002 | Languages | Latin | Levels 7 and 8 | Engaging with texts | Accessing the Roman world through Latin texts

• VCLAU028

  Identify how cultural values, attitudes and beliefs of the Romans are embedded in their language

  Elaborations

  • discussing Roman values that are embedded in language, such as pietas, virtus, hospitium, fides
  • understanding how language and cultural practices are interconnected, for example, by explaining religious origins or connotations associated with words and expressions such as the polite command in the English RIP (‘rest in peace’) and the use of the more prayerful subjunctive in the Latin requiescat in pace
  • investigating the importance of Latin to personal status in the Roman world, as a means to social, economic and political advancement
  • examining language that reveals information about Roman government and administration, such as res publica, senatus, comitia, consul, dictator, princeps, census, and references in texts to public service, justice and the court system
  • discussing language that reveals the importance of public spaces and buildings in ancient Rome, for example, forum, temples, theatres
  • explaining references in texts to amphitheatres, gladiatorial combat, Circus Maximus, ‘bread and circuses’ and understanding the important place of entertainment in the Roman world
  • explaining the importance of religion to the Romans, with reference to concepts such as Lares et Penates, household genius, the worship of local gods at shrines, vestal virgins, cult of the Emperor
  • researching and discussing political and cultural influences in and on the works of leading writers, such as Cicero, Horace, Virgil, Livy, for example, mos maiorum; pax Romana
  • exploring the formal language that Romans used for greetings, or responding to the challenges of public life, such as ave, plurimas gratias, di immortales, and making comparisons with own language use in formal contexts
  • reflecting on how language, texts and artefacts provide a means of understanding the social and cultural practices of the Romans and how they conceptualised their world

  VCLAU028 | Languages | Latin | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCLVC157

  Listen to, read and view different real and imaginative texts, identifying and making simple statements about key elements, characters and events, and interpreting cultural expressions and behaviours

  Elaborations

  • recalling, illustrating and describing main characters and events in stories, songs and performances, for example, by selecting descriptive modelled statements as captions to their pictures or responding to questions, such as, Who? Where? How long? What?
  • participating in shared and guided reading/listening/viewing of real and imaginative texts, for example by making predictions about the development or flow of ideas, using contextual and visual cues, responding to questions and comparing responses to different characters, ideas and events
  • conveying understanding of plot and sequence in texts, for example, by re-creating a sequence using a storyboard, labelling key events or creating a timeline
  • mapping sites, landforms and other features of Country/Place through which a travelling story/storyline passes
  • listening to respected community members tell stories on Country/Place, interpreting hand signs and gestures, retelling parts of the story, for example, in sand, through painting or by performing, using a combination of words/phrases, illustrations, movements and visual props
  • listening to respected community members telling stories from their local area, and responding by retelling parts of the story
  • interacting/engaging with artistic expression/techniques appropriate to Country/Place, such as paintings, drawings, etchings, sculptures and dance, interpreting messages conveyed through these different forms
  • discussing key messages expressed in stories, songs and dance, such as social values and rules for living, comparing them to messages conveyed by stories in other cultures and languages
  • responding to a specific creative text by adapting the original to create a new version, for example, by re-sequencing events, adding new elements, changing time, location or character, or creating an alternative ending
  • understanding and discussing the importance of story/ storytelling in transmitting and maintaining language and culture

  VCLVC157 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Communicating | Creating

• VCLVC153

  Participate in guided tasks that involve following instructions, making things, cooperating with peers, planning for and conducting shared events, activities or school performances

  Elaborations

  • participating in excursions with respected community members to experience story places or keeping places, listening to associated stories
  • visiting community centres, art centres or language centres and recording the experiences, for example, by developing a digital presentation or photo-story
  • working with respected community members to develop a short ‘Welcome to Country/Place’ and/or ‘Acknowledgment of Country/Place’ to use at formal school functions or community events
  • working together on collaborative tasks, such as designing posters, menus or invitations for special events, designing class bush tucker or a garden, creating picture books for buddy classes
  • interacting with respected community members/community speakers, following instructions, for example when making an artefact, creating an art work or preparing bush tucker, using hand signs as appropriate
  • participating in and sharing responses to local cultural events and celebrations
  • participating in national celebrations and significant events, for example, NAIDOC Week, Reconciliation Week, Harmony Day, labelling and captioning photos for a class display and sharing responses through class discussion
  • creating a skit, performance or action game to introduce a buddy class to aspects of the language and associated culture, for example, individual words, gestures or expressions associated with common exchanges such as introductions, items and artefacts
  • engaging in shared tasks which involve planning and collaborating, for example, preparing, rehearsing and conducting public presentations and performances, such as an item for a school assembly or a digital presentation about a significant event
  • giving directions, for example, to guide others to specific locations

  VCLVC153 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCLVU193

  Reflect on how ways of using language are shaped by communities’ ways of thinking, behaving and viewing the world, and the role of language in passing on knowledge

  Elaborations

  • explaining the role of Aboriginal languages and cultures in passing on knowledge such as sustainable care of the environment, rules for living, ways of behaving, spiritual and cultural functions and History
  • reflecting on Indigenous taxonomies and the ways they divide the natural and cultural world and comparing these to other systems of classification
  • analysing concepts related to cultural values in Aboriginal languages, including naming systems, for example, the use of kinship terms, nicknames, substitute words and pronoun systems, comparing to ways of referencing relationships in their own language(s) and culture(s)
  • exploring how aspects of traditional culture and society have been preserved through language, and discussing the importance of maintaining Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages, for their speakers and for all Australians
  • analysing and discussing core cultural concepts reflected in Aboriginal languages, such as respect, avoidance, reciprocity, obligation, responsibility
  • understanding that culturally significant attitudes and beliefs conveyed through Aboriginal languages are related to the past, to land, plants and animals and to celebrations
  • identifying and comparing how emotions or attitudes, such as respect, affection or embarrassment, are shown/displayed across different languages and cultures
  • comparing elements of communication such as the role of silence or use/avoidance of eye contact in different cultural contexts and exchanges
  • recognising that there are multiple views on and partial explanations for events and issues
  • reflecting on the ways culture is interpreted by others, for example, by identifying how stereotypes influence perceptions of other groups or individuals
  • understanding that each Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander person inherits language as part of their birthright, along with membership of a particular group and attachment to Country or Place, and that they become custodians and owners of land, water or sea and of language

  VCLVU193 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCTRC006

  Listen to, view and participate in readings of stories, rhymes or action songs, and respond through singing, drawing, gesture and action

  Elaborations

  • participating in shared readings of Turkish versions of familiar stories, such as Kırmızı Başlıklı Kız (Little Red Riding Hood) or Aç Tırtıl (The Very Hungry Caterpillar), Çirkin Ördek Yavrusu (The Ugly Duckling), Kül Kedisi (Cinderella) Pinokyo (Pinocchio), comparing with English versions and re-enacting favourite elements with puppets, props or actions
  • responding to stories such as Arı Maya, rhymes such as Komşu komşu hu hu and songs such as Küçük Kurbağa, Ali Baba’nın Çiftliği, through actions, drawings and simple statements and expressions
  • viewing scenes of the shadow puppet play Karagöz ve Hacıvat, repeating key words and expressions and drawing and describing the characters, for example, Hacıvat akıllı, bilgili ve kurnaz birisidir. Hacıvat’ın sivri sakalı vardır. Karagöz bilgisiz ve komik birisidir. Karagöz top sakallıdır
  • performing rhymes, tongue twisters, poems and songs that use repetition, gestures, mime and finger puppet play to support language development, for example, Ben bir küçük insanım, Hem aklım var hem canım … Portakalı Soydum, O piti piti karamela sepeti!
  • building vocabulary skills and developing appreciation of language by participating in shared readings of simple stories that use repetition and recycling of phrases or actions, such as Cin Ali, Keloğlan
  • performing marching songs, for example, Türk Çocukları, Sol sağ sol sağ yarın bayram olsa, Hoş gelişler ola, Dağ başını duman almış
  • viewing children’s TV programs, such as Sevimli Dostlar, Pepe, Biz İkimiz, Niloya, and responding by singing, chanting, mimicking and acting out favourite moments

  VCTRC006 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Creating

• VCTRC059

  Translate and interpret short texts from Turkish into English and vice versa, comparing versions and considering how to explain elements that involve cultural knowledge or understanding

  Elaborations

  • identifying language associated with cultural categories such as aile hayatı, kıyafetler or batıl inançlar encountered when translating short texts from Turkish into English, noticing when expressions require explanation as well as translation
  • paraphrasing words or expressions that require cultural knowledge of events such as bayram or personal celebrations, such as sünnet and kına gecesi, noting the dangers of literal translation, for example, çay, kahve alır mısın? instead of çay, kahve içer misin?
  • translating short excerpts of folktales, stories, songs or plays into English, demonstrating how cultural elements cannot be translated literally, for example, the opening rhymes of Bir varmış, bir yokmuş; vocabulary such as Evvel zaman içinde, kalbur saman içinde, pireler berber, develer tellâl iken ben anamın beşiğini tıngır mıngır sallar iken; or the closing ryhmes of stories such as Gökten üç elma düşmüş, biri masalı anlatana, biri dinleyene, biri de bütün iyi insanlara
  • comparing translations of fairytales such as Snow White, Little Red Riding Hood and Cinderella into Turkish, noticing challenges related to the use of tenses, such as -miş’li Geçmiş Zaman, to vocabulary equivalence and to the translation of cultural elements
  • comparing their own translations of short texts with those of their classmates, then comparing both to versions produced by digital or electronic translators, discussing reasons for variations and discrepancies
  • interpreting for a guest speaker to their class or wider school community, explaining cultural references and reflecting on their significance in terms of effective intercultural communication
  • identifying and interpreting examples of colloquialisms, slang and idioms typically used by young people, such as fırça çekmek, tuzlu, kafa ütülemek, cebi delik

  VCTRC059 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCTRC038

  Gather, classify and compare information from print, digital and multimodal resources relating to their physical environment and social and cultural worlds

  Elaborations

  • gathering information from a range of digital and print resources about social and cultural activities in their community, making a list of terms, expressions or behaviours, such as Bayramınız kutlu olsun!, Başınız sağ olsun!, Hayırlara vesile olsun, Allah izin verirse, Hayırlı olsun
  • conducting interviews with family members or friends to collect stories of migration to Australia, identifying words and expressions that reflect important values and feelings, such as gurbet, özlem, heyecan, güvenlik, dostluk, komşuluk
  • gathering and comparing information on topics such as significant elements of family life, community or schooling in Australian and Turkish contexts
  • surveying friends and family members to report on cultural trends or changing social behaviours, such as preferred modes of communication
  • researching their own bicultural biographies, for example, by talking with relatives in Australia and elsewhere to know more about their family’s heritage, history or circumstances, comparing their details with those of their friends
  • collecting and presenting information from a range of print and digital resources about features of their local environment, for example, su, orman yangınları, ekosistem, yabani yaşam
  • viewing documentaries that reflect lifestyles of Turkish-speaking communities in different regions of the world, such as Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti,Türkmenistan, recording key facts and unfamiliar vocabulary or expressions
    
  • gathering information about well-known people in fields such as sport, entertainment, pop culture, the arts or history, to create a profile to present to their peers

  VCTRC038 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Informing