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• VC2M6A02

  find unknown values in numerical equations involving brackets and combinations of arithmetic operations, using the properties of numbers and operations

  Elaborations

  • using brackets and the order of operations to write number sentences and appreciating the need for an agreed set of rules to complete multiple operations within the same number sentence; for example, for 40 ÷ 2 × (4 + 6) = □, you solve what is in the brackets first then complete the number sentence from left to right as there is no hierarchy between division and multiplication
  • constructing equivalent number sentences involving brackets and combinations of the 4 operations, and explaining the need to have shared agreement on the order of operations when solving problems involving more than one operation to have unique solutions
  • finding pairs of unknown values in numerical equations that make the equation hold true; for example, listing possible combinations of natural numbers that make this statement true: 6 + 4 × 8 = 6 × Δ + □

  VC2M6A02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 6 | Algebra

• VC2M5N10

  follow a mathematical algorithm involving branching and repetition (iteration); create and use algorithms involving a sequence of steps and decisions and digital tools to experiment with factors, multiples and divisibility; identify, interpret and describe emerging patterns

  Elaborations

  • simulating a simple random walk
  • manipulating sets of numbers using a given rule, for example, if a number is even, halve it; or if a number is odd, subtract 1 then halve it
  • creating algorithms that use multiplication and division facts to determine if a number is a multiple or factor of another number; for example, using a flow chart that determines whether numbers are factors or multiples of other numbers using branching, such as yes/no decisions
  • identifying lowest common multiples and highest common factors of pairs or triples of natural numbers; for example, the lowest common multiple of {6, 9} is 18, and the highest common factor is 3, and the lowest common multiple of {3, 4, 5} is 60 and the highest common factor is 1
  • using the ‘fill down’ function of a spreadsheet and a multiplication formula to generate a sequence of numbers that represent the multiples of any number you enter into the cell, and describing and explaining the emerging patterns

  VC2M5N10 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 5 | Number

• VC2M10SP02

  interpret networks and network diagrams used to represent relationships in practical situations and describe connectedness

  Elaborations

  • investigating how networks and network diagrams can be used to model authentic situations, recognising what real-world quantity is represented by the nodes (vertices), and what real-world quantity is represented by the links between them (edges)
  • investigating the use of graphs to represent a network, for example, investigating the Seven Bridges of Königsberg problem
  • investigating how polyhedrons may be represented as a network using edges, vertices, and interior and exterior faces; and representing the number of edges, vertices and faces in a table, exploring and demonstrating how Euler’s formula F + V = E + 2 applies
  • investigating how a social network, intranet, local area network (LAN), electrical wiring or wireless network of a home can be represented as a network diagram to specify relationships; for example, using network diagrams to investigate practical problems involving connections, power overload or the need for routers
  • investigating the use of networks to represent authentic situations, for example, rail or air travel between or within London, Paris and Hong Kong; a food web representing a simple ecosystem; metabolic networks and other chemical or biological structures
  • representing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ kinship systems using network diagrams and exploring the significance of relationships to Country/Place

  VC2M10SP02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 10 | Space

• VC2M6N05

  solve problems involving addition and subtraction of fractions using knowledge of equivalent fractions

  Elaborations

  • representing addition and subtraction of fractions, using an understanding of equivalent fractions and methods such as jumps on a number line, or diagrams of fractions as parts of shapes
  • determining the lowest common denominator using an understanding of prime and composite numbers to find equivalent representation of fractions when solving addition and subtraction problems
  • calculating the addition or subtraction of fractions in the context of real-world problems (for example, using part cups or spoons in a recipe), using the understanding of equivalent fractions
  • understanding the processes for adding and subtracting fractions with related denominators and fractions as an operator, in preparation for calculating with all fractions; for example, using fraction overlays and number lines to give meaning to adding and subtracting fractions with related and unrelated denominators

  VC2M6N05 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 6 | Number

• VC2M6ST02

  identify statistically informed arguments presented in traditional and digital media; discuss and critique methods, data representations and conclusions

  Elaborations

  • investigating data representations in the media and discussing what they illustrate and the messages the people who created them might want to convey
  • evaluating reports and secondary data relating to the distribution and use of non-renewable resources around the world
  • identifying potentially misleading data representations in the media; for example, graphs with broken axes or non-linear scales, graphics not drawn to scale, data not related to the population about which the claims are made and pie charts in which the whole pie does not represent the entire population about which the claims are made
  • investigating both traditional and digital media relating to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, identifying and critiquing statistically informed arguments

  VC2M6ST02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 6 | Statistics

• VC2M7ST03

  plan and conduct statistical investigations for issues involving discrete and continuous numerical data, and data collected from primary and secondary sources; analyse and interpret distributions of data and report findings in terms of shape and summary statistics

  Elaborations

  • obtaining secondary data from newspapers, the internet or the Australian Bureau of Statistics
  • investigating secondary data relating to the distribution and use of non-renewable resources around the world
  • conducting an investigation to draw conclusions about whether teenagers have faster reaction times than adults
  • conducting an investigation to support claims that a modification of a science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) related design has improved performance
  • using secondary data from the Australian Reconciliation Barometer to conduct and report on statistical investigations relating to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples

  VC2M7ST03 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 7 | Statistics

• VCMMG140

  Measure, order and compare objects using familiar metric units of length, area, mass and capacity

  Elaborations

  • recognising the importance of using common units of measurement
  • recognising and using centimetres and metres, square centimetres, grams and kilograms, and millilitres and litres
  • measuring the area of rectangles (including squares) by counting the number of square centimetres

  VCMMG140 | Mathematics | Level 3 | Measurement and Geometry | Using units of measurement

• VCMMG198

  Connect three-dimensional objects with their nets and other two-dimensional representations

  Elaborations

  • identifying the shape and relative position of each face of a solid to determine the net of the solid, including that of prisms and pyramids
  • representing two-dimensional shapes such as photographs, sketches and images created by digital technologies

  VCMMG198 | Mathematics | Level 5 | Measurement and Geometry | Shape

• VCMMG228

  Construct simple prisms and pyramids

  Elaborations

  • considering the history and significance of pyramids from a range of cultural perspectives including those structures found in China, Korea and Indonesia
  • constructing prisms and pyramids from nets, and skeletal models

  VCMMG228 | Mathematics | Level 6 | Measurement and Geometry | Shape

• VCMMG223

  Convert between common metric units of length, mass and capacity

  Elaborations

  • identifying and using the correct operations when converting units including millimetres, centimetres, metres, kilometres, milligrams, grams, kilograms, tonnes, millilitres, litres, kilolitres and megalitres
  • recognising the significance of the prefixes in units of measurement

  VCMMG223 | Mathematics | Level 6 | Measurement and Geometry | Using units of measurement

• VCMMG171

  Explain and compare the geometric properties of two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional objects

  Elaborations

  • describing the similarities and differences between two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional objects
  • recognising two-dimensional shapes that are the faces for three-dimensional objects such as prisms, pyramids and platonic solids (including tetrahedrons, cubes and dodecahedrons)

  VCMMG171 | Mathematics | Level 4 | Measurement and Geometry | Shape

• VC2M7N05

  multiply and divide fractions and decimals using efficient mental and written strategies, and digital tools

  Elaborations

  • investigating multiplication of fractions and decimals, using strategies including patterning and multiplication as repeated addition, with both concrete materials and digital tools, and identifying the processes for division as the inverse of multiplication

  VC2M7N05 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 7 | Number

• VCMNA073

  Represent practical situations to model addition and subtraction

  Elaborations

  • using a range of practical strategies for adding and subtracting small groups of numbers, such as visual displays or concrete materials
  • using Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander methods of adding and subtracting, including spatial patterns and reasoning

  VCMNA073 | Mathematics | Foundation Level | Number and Algebra | Number and place value

• VCMNA244

  Multiply and divide fractions and decimals using efficient written strategies and digital technologies

  Elaborations

  • investigating multiplication of fractions and decimals, using strategies including patterning and multiplication as repeated addition, with both concrete materials and digital technologies, and identifying the processes for division as the inverse of multiplication

  VCMNA244 | Mathematics | Level 7 | Number and Algebra | Real numbers

• VC2M4SP01

  explain and compare the geometric properties of two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional objects

  Elaborations

  • describing the similarities and differences between two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional objects
  • recognising two-dimensional shapes that are the faces for three-dimensional objects such as prisms, pyramids and platonic solids (including tetrahedrons, cubes and dodecahedrons)

  VC2M4SP01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 4 | Space

• Mathematics: Level 2 achievement standards

  Number and Algebra

  Students count to and from, and order numbers up to 1000. They perform simple addition and subtraction calculations, using a range of strategies. They find the total value of simple collections of Australian notes and coins. Students represent multiplication and division by grouping...

  Level description | Mathematics | Level 2

• Mathematics | Mathematics: Resources

  A range of resources to assist with implementing the Victorian Curriculum F – 10 are available. Please visit the following websites to access these resources (links open in a new window):

  • Victorian Curriculum F – 10 Resources and Support (VCAA)

  Includes general advice and information...

  Overview material | Mathematics

• Mathematics Version 2.0: Foundation Level achievement standards

  By the end of Foundation, students make connections between number names, numerals and position in the sequence of numbers from zero to at least 20. They use subitising and counting strategies to quantify collections. Students compare the size of collections to at least 20. They partition...

  Level description | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Foundation Level

• Mathematics Version 2.0: Level 1 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 1, students connect number names, numerals and quantities, and order numbers to at least 120. They demonstrate how one- and two-digit numbers can be partitioned in different ways and that two-digit numbers can be partitioned into tens and ones. Students partition collections...

  Level description | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 1

• Mathematics Version 2.0: Level 2 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 2, students order and represent numbers to at least 1000; apply knowledge of place value to partition, rearrange and rename two- and three-digit numbers in terms of their parts; and regroup partitioned numbers to assist in calculations. They use mathematical modelling...

  Level description | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 2