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• VCCCG009

  Describe the roles and responsibilities of the three levels of government, including shared roles and responsibilities within Australia's federal system

  Elaborations

  • clarifying the roles and responsibilities of the three levels of government (local, state/territory and federal)
  • identifying instances where there may be multiple levels of government involved, for example in relation to the environment such as management of the Murray-Darling river system

  VCCCG009 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 5 and 6 | Government and Democracy

• VCCCG018

  Describe key features of government under the Australian Constitution, including the separation of powers, the Executive, the role of the Houses of Parliament, and the division of powers

  Elaborations

  • explaining the significance of the Magna Carta and evaluating its legacy in establishing the role of parliament and the separation of powers
  • describing the purpose of the Australian Constitution
  • investigating the concept of the separation of powers between the legislature, executive and judiciary and how it seeks to prevent the excessive concentration of power
  • describing the role of the Governor-General and the different roles of the House of Representatives and the Senate
  • describing the difference between the Governor General as executive government in the constitution and Prime Minister and Cabinet as executive government under the Westminster system
  • investigating the division of powers between state/territory and federal levels of government using an issue such as water management, education or health
  • explaining the roles of the Senate and the House of Representatives as outlined in the Australian constitution

  VCCCG018 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 7 and 8 | Government and Democracy

• VCCCG031

  Explain the Australian government’s roles and responsibilities at a global level, including provision of foreign aid, peacekeeping and the United Nations

  Elaborations

  • identifying and explaining the types of participation that Australia has in the Asia region and internationally, for example exchange programs, peacekeeping, election monitoring, health programs, disaster management
  • investigating Australia’s involvement with the United Nations, for example representation in the organisation and adherence to conventions and declarations that Australia has ratified

  VCCCG031 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Government and Democracy

• VCCCL034

  Discuss the key principles of Australia’s justice system, including equality before the law, independent judiciary, and right of appeal

  Elaborations

  • identifying the key principles and explaining what is meant by each principle and discussing how each works to protect citizens and contribute to a fair society
  • identifying and explaining factors that can undermine the application of the principles of justice, for example bribery, coercion of witnesses, trial by media, and court delays

  VCCCL034 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Laws and Citizens

• VCGGK067

  Weather and seasons and the ways in which different cultural groups, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, describe them

  Elaborations

  • describing the daily and seasonal weather of their place by its rainfall, temperature, sunshine and wind, and comparing it with the weather of other places that they know or are aware of
  • comparing the Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People’s seasonal calendar for the local area with one students are familiar with, such as the four-seasons calendar derived from Europe

  VCGGK067 | The Humanities | Geography | Foundation to Level 2 | Geographical Knowledge | Places and our connections to them

• VCGGK115

  Strategies used to enhance the liveability of places, especially for young people, including examples from Australia and Europe

  Elaborations

  • researching methods implemented in Australia and Europe to improve the liveability of a place, and evaluating their applicability to their own locality
  • developing a specific proposal to improve an aspect of the liveability of their place, taking into account the needs of diverse groups in the community, including, for example, young people through fieldwork in the local recreation area or Traditional Owners by developing bilingual signage or indigenous garden projects
  • discussing the impact of increasing housing density on the liveability of places, and on their environmental sustainability

  VCGGK115 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Place and liveability

• VCGGK094

  Influence of people, including the influence of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, on the environmental characteristics of Australian places

  Elaborations

  • identifying how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities altered the environment through their methods of land and resource management
  • exploring the extent of change in the local environment over time, through for example, vegetation clearance, fencing, urban development, drainage, irrigation, farming, forest plantations or mining

  VCGGK094 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Knowledge | Factors that shape places and influence interconnections

• VCHHK110

  Changes in society and the perspectives of key groups affected by change including the influence of law and religion

  Elaborations

  • Egypt
    • distinguishing between groups using historical sources such as the nobility, bureaucracy, women, and slaves in hieroglyphics
    • creating a graphic representation of the social structure of Egyptian society
    • outlining the rights of women, for example, in the areas of marriage, family life, work and education, and their responsibilities, that is, generally limited to the home and family
  • Greece
    • examining evidence of the social structure of Athenian or Spartan society, for example, the roles of citizens, women, slaves in Athenian society and the roles of Spartiates, Perioikoi and Helots in Spartan society
    • outlining the rights of citizens in ancient Athens, for example, the right to vote, their responsibilities, for example, military service, attending assembly meetings, and the invention of freedom
  • Rome
    • examining the evidence of the social structure of Roman society, for example, the roles of patricians, plebeians, women and slaves in the city of Rome, and the idea of Republican virtue and its historical resonance
    • describing the significance of slavery in the period of the Roman Empire, for example, the acquisition of slaves through warfare, the use of slaves as gladiators and agricultural labourers, and the rise of freedmen
  • India
    • creating a graphic representation of the social structure of Indian society
    • explaining the social structure of India, including the role of Brahmins – priests, teachers, Kshatriyas – kings, warriors, Vaishyas – merchants, artisans, Shudras – labourers, peasants
  • China
    • creating a graphic representation of the social structure of Chinese society such as kings, emperors, scholars, farmers, craftsmen, women
    • outlining the rights and responsibilities of women, for example, in the areas of marriage, family life, work and education

  VCHHK110 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Knowledge | Ancient world and early civilisations – 60 000 BC (BCE) – c.650 AD (CE)

• VCHHK134

  Intended and unintended causes and effects of contact and extension of settlement of European power(s), including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

  Elaborations

  • Australia
    • evaluating the effects of the movement of peoples on the indigenous and immigrant populations.
    • explaining the effects of contact, for example, the massacres of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people; their killing of sheep; the spread of European diseases, frontier violence, and categorising these effects as either intended or unintended
    • investigating the forcible removal of children from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families in the late nineteenth century/early twentieth century (leading to the Stolen Generations), such as the motivations for the removal of children, the practices and laws that were in place, and experiences of separation
  • Asia
    • describing the British Raj and the forms of British influence in India, for example, the building of roads, an extensive railway network, schools and Christian missions
    • describing the causes of European imperialism in China and the effects of the Opium Wars, Taiping Rebellion in China
    • analysing the effects of Commodore Matthew Perry diplomatic mission to Japan to force open Japanese ports to American trade culminating in the signing of the Treaty of Kanagawa 1954

  VCHHK134 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The making of the modern world | Australia and Asia

• VCHHK096

  Significant contributions of individuals and groups, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and migrants, to changing Australian society

  Elaborations

  • examining population data that show the places of birth of Australia’s people at one or more points of time in the past and today
  • investigating the role of specific cultural groups in Australia’s economic and social development, for example, the cattle industry, the Snowy Mountains Scheme, the pearling industry
  • considering notable individuals in Australian public life across a range of fields, for example, the arts, science, sport, education, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, a range of cultural and social groups

  VCHHK096 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Knowledge | Australia as a nation

• VCHHK151

  Significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, including Australia’s involvement in the development of the declaration

  Elaborations

  • describing the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the contribution of Australia’s H.V. Evatt

  VCHHK151 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The modern world and Australia | Rights and freedoms (1945 – the present)

• VCGGC074

  Collect and record relevant geographical data and information from the field and other sources

  Elaborations

  • using contemporary issues reported in the media to initiate questions about the sustainable use of resources and collect related data and information
  • brainstorming ways that data might be collected and recorded, choosing, with teacher guidance, the most effective method for a given investigation
  • using maps, ground and aerial photographs and satellite images or a digital application, such as NASA Worldwind or Google Earth, to identify, locate and describe different types of settlements or to explore the extent of vegetation in an area
  • interviewing people about their feelings and attachment to places
  • acquiring geographical information from schools in geographically contrasting parts of Australia and/or neighbouring countries

  VCGGC074 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 3 and 4 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Data and information

• Geography: Level A description

  The Level A curriculum develops student’s awareness of a place on a personal local scale. Places will range in size from a part of a room or garden to community place. They are supported to use their senses to explore the tangible characteristics of a place such as the sound, smell, feel of significant...

  Level description | The Humanities | Geography

• VCGGC102

  Collect and record relevant geographical data and information from useful primary and secondary sources, using ethical protocols

  Elaborations

  • gathering from a range of primary and digital sources, for example, from GIS layers, observation, annotated field sketches, surveys and interviews, or photographs, relevant data about the impacts of and responses to a hydrological hazard, or the factors influencing decisions people make about where to live
  • collecting geographical information from secondary sources, such as digital sources, thematic maps, weather maps, climate graphs, compound column graphs and population pyramids, reports, census data and the media
  • applying ethical research methods, including the use of protocols for consultation with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities
  • considering the usefulness of primary and secondary data by finding out when it was collected and for what purpose, and comparing this to the purpose of research
  • gathering relevant data about the ways to protect significant landscapes from a range of primary and digital sources, such as from observation, annotated field sketches, surveys and interviews, or photographs

  VCGGC102 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Data and information

• Civics and Citizenship: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students explain features of Australia’s system of government, and the purpose of the Constitution in Australia’s representative democracy. They analyse features of Australian democracy, and explain features that enable active participation. They explain how...

  Level description | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 7 and 8

• VCCCL023

  Compare how laws are made in Australia, including through parliaments (statutory law) and courts (common law), and explain different types of laws, including executive law (delegated law), criminal law, civil law and the place of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander customary law

  Elaborations

  • comparing some examples of statutes and common laws and the way they are made
  • distinguishing statutory and common law from executive law (delegated law)
  • discussing examples of recent laws passed through parliaments that enact government policy
  • explaining the difference between criminal law and civil law
  • considering the significance of customary law for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
  • describe an example of the process of law making

  VCCCL023 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 7 and 8 | Laws and Citizens

• VCCCC025

  Identify how values can promote cohesion within Australian society, including the values of freedom, respect, inclusion, civility, responsibility, compassion, equality and a ‘fair go’

  Elaborations

  • identifying values shared by Australians and deciding which ones could also be considered universal values
  • identifying how human rights values are consistent with Australian values

  VCCCC025 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 7 and 8 | Citizenship, Diversity and Identity

• VCCCG019

  Discuss the freedoms that enable active participation in Australia's democracy within the bounds of law, including freedom of speech, association, assembly, religion and movement

  Elaborations

  • explaining how each freedom supports active participation in Australia's democracy and discussing how and why the 'bounds of law' can limit these freedoms
  • considering the circumstances that can lead to dissent in a democracy

  VCCCG019 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 7 and 8 | Government and Democracy

• VCHHK132

  Significant effects of the Industrial Revolution, including global changes in landscapes, movements of people, development and influence of ideas, political and social reforms, and transport and communication

  Elaborations

  • describing the effects of factories, mines and cities on the environment, and on population growth and distribution
  • outlining the growth of trade unions as a response to the effects of the Industrial Revolution
  • investigating and explaining the emergence and the influence of individuals and/or groups on key ideas in the period, with a particular focus on one of the following: capitalism, socialism, egalitarianism, nationalism, imperialism, Darwinism or Chartism

  VCHHK132 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The making of the modern world | Industrial Revolution (1750 – 1914)

• VCHHK106

  The significant beliefs, values and practices of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and cultures including trade with other communities, causes and effects of warfare, and death and funerary customs

  Elaborations

  • inviting a local elder to conduct a smoking ceremony and Welcome to Country
  • explaining why different language and tribal groups have different beliefs. Compare and contrast their understandings of creation beings, ancestral beings, and totemic beings
  • explaining the purpose of ceremonies of initiation of boys and girls and funeral ceremonies
  • identifying reasons for trade between tribes and explain that trading via overland pathways and songlines was a method of sharing resources and a form of social control and law, respect for others boundaries, marriage arrangements, sharing the Dreaming, songs, rituals and settling disputes

  VCHHK106 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Knowledge | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and cultures