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• VC2M10M04

  use mathematical modelling to solve practical problems involving direct and inverse proportion and scaling of objects; formulate problems and interpret solutions in terms of the situation, including the impact of measurement errors on the accuracy of results; evaluate and modify models as necessary...

  Elaborations

  • exploring contexts where measurement errors may impact research results and how measurement data impacted by error can result in biased findings
  • using plans and elevation drawings to investigate making changes to building designs, employing appropriate scales and converting to actual measurements within the context to make decisions about changes
  • analysing and applying scale and ratios in situations such as production prototypes and 3D printing; for example, using a 3D printer to produce scaled versions of actual objects
  • estimating the scale of an object by measuring a linear dimension and using typical life-size dimensions to determine the scale factor; for example, measuring the dimensions of a toy car to determine a scale that can be used to estimate the dimensions of a life-size car
  • investigating compliance with building codes and standards in design and construction, such as for escalators in shopping centres

  VC2M10M04 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 10 | Measurement

• VCSIS139

  Use knowledge of scientific concepts to evaluate investigation conclusions, including assessing the approaches used to solve problems, critically analysing the validity of information obtained from primary and secondary sources, suggesting possible alternative explanations and describing specific...

  Elaborations

  • discussing what is meant by 'validity' and how we can evaluate the validity of information in secondary sources
  • judging the validity of science-related media reports and how these reports might be interpreted by the public
  • using primary or secondary scientific evidence to support or refute a conclusion or claim
  • suggesting more than one possible explanation of the data presented

  VCSIS139 | Science | Levels 9 and 10 | Science Inquiry Skills | Analysing and evaluating

• VCZHU255

  Identify and explain how Chinese orthography enables access to technical and unusual vocabulary, including specialised abstract nouns, and a wider range of texts, using orthographic knowledge to identify characters related to topics studied in other learning areas, such as chemical elements (periodic...

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with the use of abstract nouns such as 物种 、 深春 、 微风 to create procedural texts
  • developing skills to comprehend simplified or traditional Chinese characters in print media and online texts
  • discriminating correct forms and sounds of 多音字 (polyphonic characters) such as 行 (háng 同行 and xíng 行进), and appreciating multiple forms of 通假字 such as 反 - 返; 说 - 悦

  VCZHU255 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCARC174

  Locate, analyse, interpret and evaluate information from online and digital sources on issues of interest to young people, making connections with own experiences and considering various perspectives

  Elaborations

  • understanding main ideas and evaluating information from texts such as articles, reports, charts, diagrams and news items, on topics such as environmental sustainability, world sports, and youth culture, for example,

    السخرية من وضع معين؛ التنديد بفعل معين؛ تزكية فكرة ما من خلال العبارات اللغوية والصور والتنسيق العام للتقرير

  • distinguishing between fact and opinion in texts such as articles and reports in print and digital form, using critical literacy skills to recognise bias by evaluating textual purpose used, for example,

    التحيّز لفكر ما؛ المبالغة: إن جميع الشباب متهوّر؛ هذا جيل غير مسؤول

    الحياديّة تجاه الأفكار المؤيدة والمعارضة: هناك بعض الشباب المتهور؛ إن غالبية الشّباب غير مسؤول

  • analysing and interpreting information collected from various sources, including digital or online sources, such as concept maps, charts and tables, by summarising, sequencing and prioritising, considering audience, purpose and context and drawing personal conclusions, for example,

    من الواضح أن...؛ في الخاتمة...؛ هذا يؤدي إلى ...؛ خلاصة الكلام...؛ في النهاية ...

  • using information obtained from a range of sources in order to debate issues of interest, such as the generation gap, teenage issues, immigration or parents’ expectations, using persuasive and evaluative language, making connections with own experiences and considering different perspectives, for example,

    الهوّة بين الأهل والأبناء كبيرة وعميقة دون شك؛ يجب على الأهل مساعدة أبنائهم في مرحلة المراهقة؛ أليس كذلك؟ نحن بحاجة إلى تغيير الفكر؛ علينا أن ننظر إلى المسألة بحكمة؛ يجب علينا جميعاً أن ندعم الشباب في إختياراتهم

  VCARC174 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCASFU250

  Understand that Auslan has evolved and developed through different periods of influence and cultural and societal change

  Elaborations

  • recognising that there is a greater degree of flexibility and variability in ‘oral’, face-to-face languages such as Auslan compared to spoken/written languages passed on from parents to children, for example, less standardisation and minimal ‘frozen texts’, and considering reasons for such differences
  • researching different aspects of variation in the use of Auslan, considering influences such as geographical location, social groupings, history, educational experience, age of learning, family background and contact with Signed English or other languages
  • considering the effect that expanding sign language interpreter services might have on standardising Auslan, especially in the areas of education and medicine
  • interviewing older members of Deaf families or Deaf communities and reporting back to the class about any differences in signing they noticed, such as more use of fingerspelled words, less use of NMFs and depicting signs, or the use of different signs, such as FILM (old sign), TOILET (old sign)
  • recognising that languages constantly expand to include new words, signs and expressions due to influences such as changing technologies and digital media, for example, COMPUTER, COMPUTER-MOUSE, INTERNET, FACEBOOK, WIFI, SELFIE
  • understanding that greater contact between signers internationally has led to increased borrowing between sign languages, for example, signs that refer to different nation states and cities around the globe (for example, the old Auslan sign for America versus the current sign), or the ASL vehicle handshape in DSs
  • identifying changes to Auslan that reflect changes in social relationships and community attitudes, for example in relation to words/signs such as DEAF^DUMB, DISABILITY, HEARING^IMPAIRED/H-O-H, DEAF^WORLD/DEAF^COMMUNITY, HUMAN^RIGHT

  VCASFU250 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCITC120

  Convey information and compare diverse perspectives from multiple sources in Italian

  Elaborations

  • reporting on current events and topics related to personal worlds, through reports, summaries, biographies or journal entries, for example, presenting a profile of a favourite artist or a famous person; or reporting the findings of a survey (Il documentario … presenta la storia di …, l’articolo parla di …, rappresenta il punto di vista di …, [lo scrittore] pensa …; La maggior parte di/la minor parte di/il 20 per cento di persone [+ verb] …; entrambi, tutti/pochi studiano ogni sera; a differenza di, però; Il depliant australiano sottolinea di più …)
  • connecting and presenting information showing varying perspectives, such as child/adult, Australian/Italian, insider/outsider or rural/urban, using present, past and future tenses as appropriate, for example, Il mondo è pieno di cibi diversi; ci sono bambini che hanno poco da mangiare
  • conveying information and justifying personal opinions with evidence from the text, for example, Mi è piaciuto molto l’articolo perché …
  • creating a poster, blog or advertisement to promote awareness of a particular issue, event or behaviour, such as recycling, conservation, sustainability, healthy food choices, sport and fitness options
  • presenting information about the movement of people globally, including to and from Italy, for example, comparing stories of migration, or the phenomenon of asylum seekers in Italy and in Australia

  VCITC120 | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCRAU081

  Analyse complex noun and verb forms, and recognise sentence structures and elements of grammar

  Elaborations

  • describing people and things using, for example:
    • a range of noun forms
    • acronyms and abbreviations
    • indicators of groups or plurals
    • terms of address
    • classifiers
  • describing the qualities of people and things using, for example:
    • adjectives
    • comparatives and superlatives
  • referring to abstract ideas
  • indicating action using, for example:
    • the verb system
    • adverbs as modifiers
  • referring to the past, present and future, and relating events in time using adverbs
  • contrasting ideas using conjunctions
  • indicating register using colloquial and formal language
  • expressing opinions
  • influencing others by persuading using superlatives, encouraging and advising
  • evaluating
  • expressing imagination by using imagery, metaphor and simile
  • using idiomatic language and proverbs
  • maintaining interaction using rhetorical devices and verbal fillers
  • expressing emphasis

  VCRAU081 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCGGK150

  Interconnecting causes of spatial variations between countries in selected indicators of human wellbeing

  Elaborations

  • investigating the locational, economic, social, technological, political and or environmental causes of inequalities in wellbeing between countries
  • examining and explaining differences in indicators by gender between countries
  • investigating the interrelationships between the rate of population growth and human wellbeing in countries
  • examining how the possession of natural resources, such as minerals can affect wellbeing in a country

  VCGGK150 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Geographies of human wellbeing

• VCGGK133

  Distribution and characteristics of biomes as regions with distinctive climates, soils, vegetation and productivity

  Elaborations

  • identifying and describing the major aquatic and terrestrial biomes of Australia and the world, and their spatial distribution
  • examining the influence of climate on biomass production (as measured by net primary productivity) in different biomes

  VCGGK133 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Biomes and food security

• VCZHU192

  Explain how languages shape the communicative practices of individuals and groups, and identify ways to enhance understanding across cultures

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on how attitudes or values they consider normal in one language may not feel or be viewed in the same way when discussed in a different language, for example humility is a value often conveyed in Chinese but not in English
  • exploring what assumptions are inherent in one language and examining how they might talk differently about the same things in a different language
  • exploring how concepts such as modesty, individual responsibility and respect for authority influence communication styles, and how they may be interpreted by English speakers as lack of confidence, engagement or initiative

  VCZHU192 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCIDC104

  Interact with others to make decisions and solve problems when making plans or obtaining goods or services

  Elaborations

  • arranging social events by planning, negotiating and deciding with peers, and creating associated texts such as invitations and posters, for example, planning a class party, an Indonesian meal or activities for languages week
  • planning and completing tasks involving authentic or simulated transactions, such as planning a holiday, purchasing goods, making a recipe, or texting a friend to send photos of a recent event
  • participating in scenarios related to travelling or living in Indonesia, for example, living with a host family, seeking medical treatment, purchasing souvenirs or using transport
  • applying for services or opportunities such as such as student exchange programs, scholarships or fundraising, explaining reasons for doing so

  VCIDC104 | Languages | Indonesian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCRAC104

  Interact with others to make decisions and solve problems when making plans or obtaining goods or services

  Elaborations

  • arranging social events by planning, negotiating and deciding with peers, and creating associated texts such as invitations and posters, for example, planning a class party, a meal or activities for languages week
  • planning and completing tasks involving authentic or simulated transactions, such as planning a holiday, purchasing goods, making a recipe, or texting a friend to send photos of a recent event
  • participating in scenarios related to travelling or living overseas, for example, living with a host family, seeking medical treatment, purchasing souvenirs or using transport
  • applying for services or opportunities such as student exchange programs, scholarships or fundraising, and explaining reasons for doing so

  VCRAC104 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• Auslan - First Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 description

  Students extend their grammatical knowledge to a range of forms and functions that give them control of more complex elements of text construction and sign formation. They have a greater degree of self-correction and repair. This greater control of language structures and systems increases confidence...

  Level description | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence

• French - F–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 description

  Students expand their knowledge and control of grammatical elements such as verb tenses (l’imparfait, le futur simple, le conditionnel) and emphatic, direct and indirect object pronouns. They extend their knowledge of text types and language functions. Task characteristics and conditions...

  Level description | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence

• Non-Roman Alphabet Languages - F–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 description

  This is a period of language exploration, vocabulary expansion and experimentation. As students develop greater control of language structures and systems, their confidence increases, as does their interest in communicating in a wider range of contexts. They use the language being studied to communicate...

  Level description | Languages | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence

• Non-Roman Alphabet Languages - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 description

  This is a period of language exploration and vocabulary expansion and experimentation with different modes of communication. Greater control of language structures and systems increases confidence and interest in communicating in a wider range of contexts. Students use the language being studied...

  Level description | Languages | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence

• Auslan - First Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 10, students exchange information, ideas and opinions on a broad range of social, environmental, educational and community issues. They summarise and justify points of view and use reflective language to respond to others’ opinions and perspectives, for example, RIGHT-YEAH,...

  Level description | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10

• VCRAU115

  Develop knowledge of vocabulary and grammatical structures to extend meanings, such as cohesive devices and sentence construction

  Elaborations

  • identifying people by pronouns or titles and nicknames
  • describing the qualities of people using adjectives of character
  • indicating possibility
  • specifying what is being referred to
  • understanding embedded clauses
  • indicating equivalence
  • indicating action
  • relating position
  • comparing things using comparatives and superlatives
  • seeking information using interrogatives and question forms
  • requesting that others do something
  • excusing and apologising
  • giving advice
  • showing empathy and well-wishing
  • giving opinions
  • contrasting two ideas using conjunctions
  • referring to abstract ideas
  • referring to events and time using frequency markers and time indicators

  VCRAU115 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCEBR021

  Identify and explain the indicators of economic performance and examine how Australia’s economy is performing

  Elaborations

  • identifying and explaining indicators of economic performance such as economic growth rates, unemployment rates, inflation rates, sustainability indexes, business confidence, human development index, liveability, and the world happiness report
  • investigating the performance of the Australian economy using key indicators to form a conclusion

  VCEBR021 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 9 and 10 | Resource Allocation and Making Choices

• VCHHK146

  Significant places where Australians fought and their perspectives and experiences in these places

  Elaborations

  • explaining the significance of Kokoda as the battle that halted the Japanese advance on Port Moresby and helped foster the Anzac legend
  • using historical perspectives comparing the experiences of Australians during World War II, such as Prisoners of War (POWs), the Battle of Britain, Kokoda, the Fall of Singapore

  VCHHK146 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The modern world and Australia | Australia at war (1914 – 1945): World War II