VCIDU081
Analyse complex noun and verb forms, and recognise when and how to use object-focus construction
Elaborations
-
describing people and things using, for example:
- compound nouns (sayur-mayur, merah darah)
- acronyms (puskesmas) and abbreviations (SMU, hp)
- indicators of groups or plurals (kaum, para, kalian)
- terms of address (Kak, Dik, Mas, Mbak, bang) and particles (diminutive Si and honorific Sang)
- classifiers (buah, helai, potong, ikat)
-
expressing possession using word order, for example, siswa pertukaran, kartu telepon
-
describing the qualities of people and things using, for example:
- adjectives using me-/me-kan (menarik, menakjubkan, mengesankan)
- adjectives using the prefix pe- (to describe enduring attributes of behaviour or character: pemalu, pendiam, pemarah, pemalas)
- comparatives (kurang, tidak begitu, agak, se-) and superlatives (ter-)
-
referring to abstract ideas by nominalising using prefixes and suffixes, for example, pe-an, per-an (pendidikan, pelajaran, pertandingan, pengetahuan), ke-an (kebersihan, kesehatan, kedatangan, kecantikan)
-
indicating action using, for example:
- transitive verbs, me- verb system (-kan or -i suffix) in subject- and object-focus form (with di- prefix)
- duplication of verbs (duduk-duduk, jalan-jalan, lihat-lihat)
- adverbs as modifiers (kurang, cukup, cuma, agak, hanya, makin…makin, baik…maupun…)
-
recognising syntactic differences between subject- and object-focus construction, for example, Dia menjual minuman itu di toko-toko, Minuman itu dijual di toko-toko
-
referring to the past, present and future, and relating events in time using adverbs, for example, dulu, yang lalu, yang akan datang, dua minggu lagi
-
contrasting ideas using conjunctions, for example, sehingga, sementara, sedangkan, sambil, oleh karena itu, andaikata, jika, bila
-
indicating register using colloquial (for example, nggak, gimana, kok, deh, lho/lo) and formal language, for example, yang terhormat, sekian
-
expressing opinions, for example, yang saya rasa, saya lebih suka, lebih…dibandingkan…, pertama-tama…sekarang…
-
influencing others by persuading using superlatives (paling…, ter-), encouraging (cobalah, mari, ayo) and advising (sebaiknya, seharusnya, mesti)
-
evaluating by using, for example, pada pendapat saya, menurut saya, di satu pihak…di pihak lain…, sebaliknya
-
expressing imagination by using imagery (angin bertiup kencang, bunga-bunga berwarna-warni), metaphor (adalah; burung bernyanyi di pohon) and simile (Matanya seperti bintang kejora, Kata-katanya bagai air mengalir)
-
using idiomatic language, for example, idioms (masuk angin, panjang tangan) and proverbs (Datang sahabat, pulang saudara; Tak kenal maka tak saying; Ada gula ada semut)
-
maintaining interaction using rhetorical devices (for example, betul?, bukan?) and verbal fillers such as kalah saya tidak salah, omong-omong, begini…
-
expressing emphasis, for example, bukan main [adjective] nya
VCIDU081 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language
