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• VCLVU192

  Understand and apply cultural norms, skills and protocols associated with learning, using and researching Aboriginal languages

  Elaborations

  • using culturally appropriate protocols when engaging with and learning from Aboriginal peoples and communities
  • acknowledging cultural and intellectual property rights and copyright over language work, including song holders, story keepers, language informers, composers and choreographers

  VCLVU192 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Language awareness

• VC2M10A04

  expand binomial products and factorise monic quadratic expressions using a variety of strategies

  Elaborations

  • exploring the method of completing the square to factorise quadratic expressions and solve quadratic equations
  • identifying and using common factors, including binomial expressions, to factorise algebraic expressions using the technique of grouping in pairs
  • using the identities for perfect squares and the difference of squares to factorise quadratic expressions

  VC2M10A04 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 10 | Algebra

• VCMNA332

  Expand binomial products and factorise monic quadratic expressions using a variety of strategies

  Elaborations

  • exploring the method of completing the square to factorise quadratic expressions and solve quadratic equations
  • identifying and using common factors, including binomial expressions, to factorise algebraic expressions using the technique of grouping in pairs
  • using the identities for perfect squares and the difference of squares to factorise quadratic expressions

  VCMNA332 | Mathematics | Level 10 | Number and Algebra | Patterns and algebra

• German - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 10, students initiate and maintain interactions in written and spoken German to communicate ideas, thoughts, feelings and information related to relationships, school experiences, the community and future plans. They interact with others to make decisions, solve problems, and...

  Level description | Languages | German | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10

• Indonesian - F–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 10, students use Indonesian to communicate with teachers, peers and others in a range of settings and for a range of purposes. They pronounce the sounds ngg and ng accurately, as well as sy (masyarakat) and kh (akhir), and use stress to create fluency in sentences. Students...

  Level description | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10

• VCHPEM155

  Design, implement and evaluate personalised plans for improving or maintaining their own and others’ physical activity and fitness levels

  Elaborations

  • using ICT to design, implement and monitor a personal fitness plan which includes a timeframe, goals and a variety of specific activities that meet the needs of different people
  • investigating target training heart-rate zones for a range of different people and how these zones relate to health, wellbeing and fitness
  • justifying the selection of physical activities included in a personalised plan linked to the components of health- and skill-related fitness they wish to improve or maintain
  • using non-specialised equipment to develop health- or skill-related fitness circuits that can be used by family or community members

  VCHPEM155 | Health and Physical Education | Levels 9 and 10 | Movement and Physical Activity | Understanding movement

• VCLVU190

  Describe and reflect on how languages change over time and influence one another

  Elaborations

  • exploring form, usage, history and impact of contact languages, including creoles, pidgins and Aboriginal Englishes
  • investigating and describing how the language has changed over time
  • observing changes to language that reflect changing lifestyles, cultural trends and emerging needs, for example, youth language, the language of new technologies, the impact of music, media and technology on communication
  • reflecting on changes in their own use of their first language(s) over time, noticing how and when new ways are adopted or existing ways adapted
  • exploring changes in language over time, for example, by reviewing old films from state archives or early television shows that include Aboriginal actors

  VCLVU190 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCASFC244

  Recognise that the concept of identity is complex, dynamic and diverse, and consider how students learn more about their own identity through the exploration of other languages and cultures

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on how identity is expressed across cultures and through languages, for example by considering the idea of ‘belonging’ as expressed in different languages
  • investigating how particular policies and practices may affect the sense of identity of deaf people, for example, through the prohibition of the use of Auslan in schools in the past
  • viewing excerpts of different footage in Auslan or other signed languages and identifying language or behaviour that appears to be either inclusive or exclusionary and could impact on identity development, for example, the representation of deaf teenagers in the TV program Switched at Birth or in documentaries such as Welcome 2 My Deaf World and Deaf Teens: Hearing World, making connections or comparisons with their own experiences as teenagers
  • evaluating documentary footage of famous members of the Deaf community discussing identity and the experience of growing up deaf, comparing their commentaries with their own experience, paying attention to identified factors that can influence identity, such as gender or race
  • creating vlogs or filmed texts designed to share their understanding or views about Deaf/hearing identity and to prompt the intended audience to reflect on their own views of Auslan and the Deaf community and of what it means to be ‘hearing’
  • viewing signed news and other media texts, such as episodes of See Hear or SignPost, and discussing examples of discrimination, oppression or rejection experienced by deaf people, reflecting on how these may shape or reflect mainstream society’s perception of the Deaf community
  • considering the concepts of ‘Deaf gain’, Deafhood and audism, and comparing their response to these concepts as second language learners of Auslan
  • discussing the impact of language and culture on the shaping of identity and a sense of wellbeing
  • considering connections and shared identity between local, regional and national communities of deaf people for example, by inviting a deaf guest to share their experiences of travel or international contact

  VCASFC244 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Identity

• Chinese - Background Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 10, students sustain extended exchanges with others (for example, 那个，你知道的，就是，还有) and use Chinese to participate in shared activities, for example, 我为什么学汉语，澳大利亚的多元文化，年轻人的兴趣，网络的好与坏, 你难道不觉得…如果…就…吗？你的意思是说…,如果是这样的话… They apply knowledge of rhythm...

  Level description | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10

• Classical Greek: Levels 9 and 10 description

  Students apply the principles of pronunciation for the reading of Classical Greek texts, for example, using accentuation, crasis and elision to maintain speech flow. They apply an extended knowledge of accidence and syntax, including parts of speech, case, gender, number, person, declension, for example,

  Level description | Languages | Classical Greek

• Digital Technologies: Levels 9 and 10 description

  In Levels 9 and 10, students apply systems thinking skills when considering how human interaction with networked systems introduces complexities surrounding access to, and the security and privacy of, data of various types. They interrogate security practices and techniques used to compress data...

  Level description | Technologies | Digital Technologies

• Health and Physical Education: Levels 9 and 10 description

  The Level 9 and 10 curriculum supports students to refine and apply strategies for maintaining a positive outlook and evaluating behavioural expectations in different leisure, social, movement and online situations. Students learn to apply health and physical activity information to devise and...

  Level description | Health and Physical Education

• Italian - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 10, students use a range of everyday language both orally and in writing to exchange information about their personal, social, local and about broader issues of personal significance. They communicate thoughts and opinions; make comparisons and contrasts (for example, a differenz...

  Level description | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10

• Italian - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 description

  Students’ vocabulary and grammar usage is increased and experimentation occurs with different forms of communication. Students use Italian to communicate and interact with each other and with online resources, to access and exchange information, to express feelings and opinions, to participate...

  Level description | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence

• Korean - F–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 description

  Students extend their grammatical knowledge to a range of particles, conjunctive suffixes (clausal connectives) and complex phrasal and sentential structures. Their vocabulary range expands to abstract words and some specialised vocabulary. With an increasing knowledge and control of language...

  Level description | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence

• Roman Alphabet Languages - F–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 10, students use the language to communicate with teachers, peers and others in a range of settings and for a range of purposes. They pronounce the sounds of the language accurately and use stress to create fluency in sentences. Students use and respond to open-ended questions...

  Level description | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10

• VCIDU081

  Analyse complex noun and verb forms, and recognise when and how to use object-focus construction

  Elaborations

  • describing people and things using, for example:
    • compound nouns (sayur-mayur, merah darah)
    • acronyms (puskesmas) and abbreviations (SMU, hp)
    • indicators of groups or plurals (kaum, para, kalian)
    • terms of address (Kak, Dik, Mas, Mbak, bang) and particles (diminutive Si and honorific Sang)
    • classifiers (buah, helai, potong, ikat)
  • expressing possession using word order, for example, siswa pertukaran, kartu telepon
  • describing the qualities of people and things using, for example:
    • adjectives using me-/me-kan (menarik, menakjubkan, mengesankan)
    • adjectives using the prefix pe- (to describe enduring attributes of behaviour or character: pemalu, pendiam, pemarah, pemalas)
    • comparatives (kurang, tidak begitu, agak, se-) and superlatives (ter-)
  • referring to abstract ideas by nominalising using prefixes and suffixes, for example, pe-an, per-an (pendidikan, pelajaran, pertandingan, pengetahuan), ke-an (kebersihan, kesehatan, kedatangan, kecantikan)
  • indicating action using, for example:
    • transitive verbs, me- verb system (-kan or -i suffix) in subject- and object-focus form (with di- prefix)
    • duplication of verbs (duduk-duduk, jalan-jalan, lihat-lihat)
    • adverbs as modifiers (kurang, cukup, cuma, agak, hanya, makin…makin, baik…maupun…)
  • recognising syntactic differences between subject- and object-focus construction, for example, Dia menjual minuman itu di toko-toko, Minuman itu dijual di toko-toko
  • referring to the past, present and future, and relating events in time using adverbs, for example, dulu, yang lalu, yang akan datang, dua minggu lagi
  • contrasting ideas using conjunctions, for example, sehingga, sementara, sedangkan, sambil, oleh karena itu, andaikata, jika, bila
  • indicating register using colloquial (for example, nggak, gimana, kok, deh, lho/lo) and formal language, for example, yang terhormat, sekian
  • expressing opinions, for example, yang saya rasa, saya lebih suka, lebih…dibandingkan…, pertama-tama…sekarang…
  • influencing others by persuading using superlatives (paling…, ter-), encouraging (cobalah, mari, ayo) and advising (sebaiknya, seharusnya, mesti)
  • evaluating by using, for example, pada pendapat saya, menurut saya, di satu pihak…di pihak lain…, sebaliknya
  • expressing imagination by using imagery (angin bertiup kencang, bunga-bunga berwarna-warni), metaphor (adalah; burung bernyanyi di pohon) and simile (Matanya seperti bintang kejora, Kata-katanya bagai air mengalir)
  • using idiomatic language, for example, idioms (masuk angin, panjang tangan) and proverbs (Datang sahabat, pulang saudara; Tak kenal maka tak saying; Ada gula ada semut)
  • maintaining interaction using rhetorical devices (for example, betul?, bukan?) and verbal fillers such as kalah saya tidak salah, omong-omong, begini…
  • expressing emphasis, for example, bukan main [adjective] nya

  VCIDU081 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCESU193

  Apply complex grammatical rules such as those relating to reflexive verbs and subjunctive and conditional moods, and use cohesive devices to link and extend ideas in own spoken and written texts

  Elaborations

  • extending the use of negative forms (no voy nunca, en ningún momento, no tengo nada, tú tampoco, no hay nadie) and understanding the difference between a reflexive verb and its corresponding non –reflexive verb, for example, Gerardo se lava la cara (reflexive) and Gerardo lava su carro (non-reflexive)
  • using subjunctive mood to express doubt, uncertainty or emotion, for example, dudo que vengas, siento que estés enferma, me alegra que hayas terminado tus estudios
  • expressing hypothetical events using conditional voice, for example, Sería interesante estudiar chino or Yo viajaría, pero no tengo dinero
  • using cohesive devices to sequence ideas, for example, aunque, a pesar de, sin embargo
  • describing events across time (past, present and future), choosing appropriate tenses
  • developing metalanguage to extend discussion of grammatical features such as word order, tenses and subjunctive mood, and using terms such as ‘verbs’, ‘nouns’, ‘conditional’, ‘subjunctive’ and ‘simple past’
  • describing people and things using:
    • comparatives and superlatives, for example, Ella es la más inteligente de la clase, Este jardín es lindísimo, Este jugo es el peor de todos
    • acronyms, for example, MERCOSUR, EEUU, UE, ONU
    • diminutives, for example, gatito, mesita, negrito
  • persuading, encouraging and advising others by using imperative verb forms, for example, vaya a la cancha, vamos al descanso, piénsalo bien, piénselo bien
  • exploring how word choices (such as selection of particular nouns and adjectives) can indicate values and attitudes, for example, Ese joven no sirve para nada/Es un joven valiente. Ellos son ilegales/Ellos son los refugiados
  • using the pasiva refleja or impersonal form with se for example, Se venden casas, ¿Cómo se dice...?
  • using idiomatic language such as proverbs (Lo cortés no quita lo valiente, El hábito no hace al monje) and idioms (me puse las botas, no pedir peras al olmo)

  VCESU193 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCARC026

  Create bilingual texts for the wider community, such as notices, promotional material, instructions or announcements, interpreting cultural and linguistic aspects

  Elaborations

  • creating subtitles, captions or commentaries for texts such as a brochure, slideshow presentation or video clip that informs the school community of aspects of different Arabic-speaking cultures
  • producing texts in print or multimodal format in both Arabic and English relating to community events, such as a poster or advertisement to promote a concert, advertise an interview with a celebrity on a community radio station, or provide details of a debate on sustainability issues
  • designing menus or programs for Arabic-themed events, with key items/information in Arabic and explanatory notes in English
  • creating a short film of Arabic-language social interactions among different speakers of Arabic, providing English explanations of elements that may be different in different parts of the Arabic-speaking world and which may be unfamiliar to Australian viewers
  • considering how to maintain the integrity of original texts when translating, for example, explaining culture-specific concepts such as ‘the bush’ or ‘the outback’, and representing ideas and meanings bilingually
  • producing bilingual texts such as video clips with subtitles explaining Australian cultural practices for Arabic-speaking viewers, for example, bushwalking, Anzac Day commemorations, the Melbourne Cup

  VCARC026 | Languages | Arabic | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCARC023

  Respond to imaginative texts such as poems and films, explaining messages and key ideas, stating views on themes, events and values, and making connections with own experiences

  Elaborations

  • responding to ideas presented in various texts, such as poems, films, songs or video clips, by expressing personal opinions, for example,

    الشعر جميل ؛ القصيدة مؤثرة؛ الفيلم غير واقعي؛ يعرض الفيلم مشاكل الشباب مع الأهل؛ الأغنية تعبّر عن الصداقة

  • stating and explaining personal preferences about characters, attitudes and events in texts, using expressions such as

    أفضل شخصية في الفيلم هي سميرة لأنها تعرف ما تريد؛ يحاول الفيلم تشجيع الشباب على الدراسة وهذا ممتاز

  • analysing how people, places and experiences are described in imaginative texts, and comparing how key messages and beliefs are communicated in a variety of texts, such as fables
  • exchanging opinions about typical features and expressive elements of contemporary songs, films or video clips from the Arabic-speaking world and comparing them equivalent texts in English-speaking contexts
  • identifying emotional aspects of texts and analysing elements of language that convey emotions and values
  • reading texts such as biographies and critically reflecting on others’ experiences and relating them to their own
  • analysing and evaluating lyrics of contemporary Arabic songs, identifying themes, messages and cultural aspects
  • discussing how social issues, for example, relationships, wealth and poverty and change, and values, such as honesty, are portrayed in imaginative texts such as films, songs and poems

  VCARC023 | Languages | Arabic | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating