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• VCEBR002

  Explore the concept of opportunity cost and explain how it involves choices about the alternative use of limited resources and the need to consider trade-offs

  Elaborations

  • explaining why when one choice is made about how to use a resource, the next best alternative is not available (trade-off). For example, if a student chooses to spend their time (resource) riding their bike after school, they cannot go for a swim (trade-off)

  VCEBR002 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 5 and 6 | Resource Allocation and Making Choices

• VCELT356

  Create literary texts that adapt or combine aspects of texts students have experienced in innovative ways

  Elaborations

  • creating narratives in written, spoken or multimodal/digital format for more than one specified audience, requiring adaptation of narrative elements and language features
  • planning and creating texts that entertain, inform, inspire and/or emotionally engage familiar and less-familiar audiences

  VCELT356 | Curriculum content | English | Level 6 | Writing | Literature

• VCGGK091

  Location of the major countries of Europe and North America, in relation to Australia and their major characteristics including the influence of people on the environmental characteristics of places in at least two countries from both continents

  Elaborations

  • using geographical tools, such as printed and electronic atlases, to identify the relative location of Europe and North America and their environmental characteristics
  • researching the changes made by people to a particular environment in one region in Europe or North America and comparing findings with other regions researched by students

  VCGGK091 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Knowledge | Factors that shape places and influence interconnections

• VCHHK088

  The social, economic and political causes and reasons for the establishment of British colonies in Australia after 1800

  Elaborations

  • investigating the causes and reasons, including economic, political and social, for the establishment of one or more British colonies
  • examining a penal colony, for example, Moreton Bay, Van Diemen’s Land, or a colony that later became a state such as Western Australia or Victoria

  VCHHK088 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Knowledge | The Australian colonies

• VCAMUR032

  Explain how aspects of the elements of music are combined to communicate ideas, concepts and feelings by comparing music from different cultures, times and locations, including the music of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

  Elaborations

  • reviewing one’s own music, outlining their use of performance techniques and discussing the purpose of using specific presentation and production elements
  • providing and responding to feedback to refine performances and compositions
  • talking and writing about music from other places and times and how cultural understandings shape responses to music; for example, listening to examples of contemporary music that uses Aboriginal instruments such as the didgeridoo or clap sticks and asking ‘how does this music draw on music traditions or styles from other times, cultures or locations?
  • identifying the features of music from other contexts, for example, investigate traditional and contemporary music from Asia, considering traditions, customs and conventions

  VCAMUR032 | The Arts | Music | Levels 5 and 6 | Respond and Interpret

• VCASFU051

  Identify structures, language features and cohesive devices used in different types of texts, recognising that language choices reflect purpose, context and audience

  Elaborations

  • examining different examples of an Auslan text type (for example, one to inform or one to persuade) and identifying choices signers made, for example the amount of fingerspelling they used
  • noticing how signers achieve textual cohesion and coherence through the use of connectives that create links between clauses, for example BUT and G:WELL
  • identifying the many ways signers can refer to the same referent in a text, for example by using DSs, points, list buoys, and how such strategies support understanding
  • annotating in ELAN or similar software where a signer is using established locations to refer to a noun referent

  VCASFU051 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCASFC041

  Present information to describe, explain, persuade or report on different experiences or activities in ways likely to engage the intended audience

  Elaborations

  • providing step-by-step instructions to peers, for example directions to a location or explanations of how to build a model
  • creating signed announcements that use persuasive techniques to inform others about upcoming events, for example a Deaf theatre performance or National Week of Deaf People
  • reporting in digital form on their experiences of shared events such as school camps or concerts to send as feedback to the organisers
  • creating a video report of an event in Deaf history as a contribution to a shared e-book resource
  • developing a signed news report or public announcement to inform or alert an imagined audience of a recent or impending natural disaster
  • providing instructions for a group activity such as a maths or computer game
  • creating a digital clip or social media post that presents information on a selected issue in ways designed to persuade or dissuade the intended audience, for example an anti-smoking post or a clean-up-the-environment appeal
  • engaging with deaf visitors from different groups and backgrounds by creating a vlog about the visits and their responses to different identity stories
  • explaining a new concept encountered in content areas such as geography or history, such as erosion or revolution
  • preparing a short signed presentation for their peers drawing on information obtained from library resources or media texts on topics related to other curriculum areas such as visual arts or history

  VCASFC041 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Informing

• VCELC146

  Engage in intercultural experiences, comparing ways of communicating in Australian and Greek-speaking contexts and identifying ways that culture influences language use

  Elaborations

  • exploring how children from Greek-speaking communities may use different words and expressions, and considering why such variations exist (in Australia – κάρο instead of αυτοκίνητο, ρούφι instead of σκεπή, or φλόρι instead of πάτωμα – these are not Greek words and they are used incorrectly, as compared to words such as μπασκετμπολίστας, τενίστας, which are official Greek words)
  • investigating aspects of own language use that reflect own cultural perspective and experiences, for example, using colloquialisms and idioms such as ‘arvo’, ‘g’day’, ‘howzat’, ‘mozzie’
  • reflecting on situations where interactions in Greek have felt awkward or difficult, discussing own reactions and adjustments, for example, kissing on both cheeks
  • considering what linguistic or cultural information they would need to know to visit a school in Greece or Cyprus and discussing adjustments they may need to make in language use and behaviour

  VCELC146 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCITC041

  Participate in simple transactions such as purchasing and ordering goods and services

  Elaborations

  • visiting a café, deli or other store and participating in transactions, for example, Buongiorno, vorrei un etto di... per piacere. Quanto costa? È troppo caro/costoso
  • organising a swap of toys, magazines, stickers or posters, for example, Facciamo uno scambio di cartoline. Mi dai questo/questa …? Io ti offro....
  • participating in buying and selling, using Grazie, Prego, Quanto costa? Due euro
  • participating in role-plays that involve transactions and opinions (for example, È bellissimo. È di moda), asking the price (for example, Quanto viene? C’è lo sconto?) and requesting opinions, for example, Che cosa ne pensi? Secondo me, è … Trovo … un po’ …

  VCITC041 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCJAC146

  Collaborate with peers to plan and conduct shared events or activities such as teaching and working with a buddy class, organising a shared event, or rehearsing and presenting a school performance

  Elaborations

  • planning and organising activities such as a class event, visit or performance, using language related to place, people, time and numbers and creating promotional materials, for example, たいこ　の　えんそう、木(もく)よう日(び)、十一時、たいいくかん
  • creating a skit, performance or action game to introduce a buddy class to aspects of Japanese language and culture, for example, introducing hiragana, individual words or expressions, or behaviours such as bowing appropriately or receiving a gift
  • participating in simulated transactions such as purchasing goods or ordering food, using appropriate gestures, formulaic expressions and relevant question–answer exchanges such as いらっしゃいませ。これ　を　ください 。いくら　です　か 。3000 円　です。はい、どうぞ。
  • becoming familiar with the value of Japanese yen by carrying out real or simulated transactions and exchanges
  • budgeting for virtual shopping expeditions, for example, by consulting online catalogues and menus, comparing prices and values, and discussing intended purchases, using formulaic expressions such as ちょっと 高(たか)い　です。でも、おいしそう　です。

  VCJAC146 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCJAU162

  Make connections between cultural practices and values and language use, such as formulaic expressions, and consider how these affect intercultural communication

  Elaborations

  • noticing ways in which Japanese language and behaviour reflect values and traditions, for example, reluctance to volunteer or compete for attention in class, responding to compliments じょうず　です　ね。いいえ, and prioritising the group rather than the individual
  • understanding that people ‘read’ intercultural experiences in different ways depending on their cultural perspective, recognising the validity of different perspectives and questioning notions of ‘right’ or ‘wrong’ ideas
  • imagining potential challenges for a visiting Japanese student spending time in an Australian classroom, and identifying phrases, expressions and behaviours that may need explaining, and elements of interaction, such as the use of personal space or volume of voice, that may appear inappropriate
  • reflecting on how different languages and cultures represented in the classroom influence ways of communicating about or relating to social and physical environments, for example, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander traditions in relation to place, language and culture
  • identifying and comparing traditional and contemporary cultural images used in Japanese and Australian print and media advertising and tourist brochures, considering when they are used and what message they convey
  • noticing similarities and differences between their own ways of communicating and observed interactions between young Japanese speakers in contexts such as everyday social situations or online forums, for example, responding to offers of food or drink, turn-taking in conversations

  VCJAU162 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCLVU172

  Identify available resources and protocols to be followed when building language

  Elaborations

  • identifying and locating available language resources suitable for language building, for example, living speakers and rememberers, visual, aural and written documents, archival material
  • identifying the existence and location of keeping places for texts and resources as language is rebuilt, for example, in the community, national archives, purpose-built interpretative centres
  • understanding that there are protocols to be followed when building language, such as consulting and involving language owners who may want to determine how the language expands into new domains of use
  • discussing potential limits and constraints of school language programs in relation to building language
  • learning about language building efforts in their community and the role of particular groups in this process, for example, by visiting the local language centre, history museum or by inviting people involved in the process to talk to the class
  • identifying language revival programs in other regions and reporting on processes used and resources developed
  • finding examples of language revival in the categories of language revitalisation, language renewal and language reclamation, and consider what these examples contribute to the processes of language building
  • understanding how language revival serves to enrich Australia’s linguistic and cultural resources

  VCLVU172 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Understanding | Role of language building

• VCZHC037

  Engage with characters and points of view in short imaginative texts, express personal opinions and create simple spoken imaginative texts

  Elaborations

  • singing popular songs, exploring the intended meaning of lyrics and the use of stylistic devices such as 比喻 （我爱你,我爱你， 就像老鼠爱大米） or 重复 （我是女生，漂亮的女生，我是女生，爱哭的女生）
  • retelling stories read by the teacher in Chinese and sequencing actions (using 然后), or explaining the cause of an action (using 因为)
  • expressing personal opinions on TV programs or music videos, for example, 我很喜欢中国的 rap
  • participating in performances such as 诗朗诵 and applying specific prosodic features such as ‘tone flow’ (抑扬顿挫) to enhance the effect
  • creating short plays or skits and taking on roles in imagined scenarios such as a shopping trip, fashion show, or visiting or hosting a Chinese friend
  • reading short stories in groups, and summarising the story and conveying the emotions and opinions of characters using, for example, 最、非常、太
  • reading aloud phrases such as 哎呀！天哪！ that are used to highlight the characters reactions to situations or the actions of others.

  VCZHC037 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Creating

• VC2M6A01

  recognise and use rules that generate visually growing patterns and number patterns involving rational numbers

  Elaborations

  • investigating patterns such as the number of tiles in a geometric pattern, or the number of dots or other shapes in successive repeats of a strip or border pattern, looking for patterns in the way the numbers increase or decrease
  • using a calculator or spreadsheet to experiment with number patterns that result from multiplying or dividing; for example, 1 ÷ 9, 2 ÷ 9, 3 ÷ 9 …, 210 × 11, 211 × 11, 212 × 11 …, 111 × 11, 222 × 11, 333 × 11 …, or 100 ÷ 99, 101 ÷ 99, 102 ÷ 99 …
  • creating an extended number sequence that represents an additive pattern using decimals; for example, representing the additive pattern formed as students pay their $2.50 for an incursion as 2.50, 5.00, 7.50, 10.00, 12.50, 15.00, 17.50 …
  • investigating the number of regions created by successive folds of a sheet of paper (one fold, 2 regions; 2 folds, 4 regions; 3 folds, 8 regions) and describing the pattern using everyday language
  • creating a pattern sequence with materials, writing the associated number sequence and then describing the sequence with a rule so someone else can replicate it with different materials; for example, using matchsticks or toothpicks to create a growing pattern of triangles using 3 for one triangle, 5 for 2 triangles and 7 for 3 triangles and describing the pattern as ‘Multiply the number of triangles by 2 and then add one for the extra toothpick in the first triangle’

  VC2M6A01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 6 | Algebra

• Arabic - F–10 Sequence: Levels 5 and 6 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 6, students use spoken and written Arabic to exchange personal information and describe people, places and ideas related to their personal experiences and social activities such as celebrations for example, أذهب مع عائلتي لزيارة جدي وجدتي في الأعياد؛ في العطلة الأسبوعية, sport (f...

  Level description | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6

• VCGGC087

  Describe and explain interconnections within places and between places, and the effects of these interconnections

  Elaborations

  • researching connections between Australia and countries in the Asia region, for example, in terms of trade, migration, tourism, aid, education, defence or cultural influences; and explaining the effects of at least one of these connections on their own place and another place in Australia
  • explaining the impacts of fire on Australian vegetation and the significance of fire damage to human communities
  • comparing how people have responded to climatic conditions in similar and different places and factors that may have influenced this such as culture and technology
  • exploring the extent of change in the local environment over time, through for example, vegetation clearance, fencing, urban development, drainage, irrigation, farming, forest plantations or mining
  • researching the changes made by people to a particular environment in one region in Europe or North America and comparing findings with other regions researched by students

  VCGGC087 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Place, space and interconnection

• VCICCD012

  Examine and discuss the variety of ways in which people understand and appreciate differing cultural values and perspectives, and the things which promote or inhibit effective engagement with diverse cultural groups

  Elaborations

  • examining laws that help to ensure that cultural difference is not a barrier to inclusion in society, for example, the Racial Discrimination Act 1975
  • discussing ways in which the school incorporates multicultural, anti-racism, and human rights perspectives into school practices, for example through inclusive classroom practices
  • exploring ways that people can gain a deeper knowledge and understanding of other cultural customs, for example, through historical sources, language learning, travelling abroad, art works or music
  • using a peer-to-peer interview to explore student understandings about how cultural institutions, such as museums or galleries, present different cultural perspectives
  • providing opportunities for students to explore and reflect on their learning about different cultural groups through journal prompts, such as ‘One interesting thing I now know is that…’ and ‘I am still curious about…’ and ‘One way I could satisfy my curiosity would be to…’

  VCICCD012 | Capabilities | Intercultural Capability | Levels 5 and 6 | Cultural Diversity

• VCZHU160

  Explore particular cultural meanings conveyed in everyday interactions across languages

  Elaborations

  • exploring origins of 成语 and 歇后语 encountered in texts such as 朝三暮四，姜太公钓鱼, and using fixed phrases to share or convey a cultural idea in own writing, for example, 塞翁失马，笨鸟先飞
  • exploring how the languages that people know can impact on the way they communicate in other languages, for example, the use and frequency of ‘thank you’ and 谢谢 is a sign of westernisation, whereas in Chinese it is not used as often as overuse indicates distance between participants in interactions
  • exploring how cultural concepts of family and the importance of one’s sense of connection to others influence use of language, for example, in the greeting 阿姨好！ (‘Hello, Aunty!’), where ‘aunty’ may be a colleague of their mother’s and a total stranger to the child

  VCZHU160 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCEBC005

  Consider the effect that the consumer and financial decisions of individuals may have on themselves, their family, the broader community and the natural, economic and business environment

  Elaborations

  • exploring how a decision to buy an item affects the family, for example, ‘Did the family have to put off buying another item to have this one?’ or 'Does what my family buys in the supermarket affect what businesses might sell or produce?'
  • explaining the benefits to themselves and their family of having savings and/or a strategy for saving
  • investigating whether buying at the local supermarket helps the local community
  • considering if their actions have an effect on the environment, for example, does choosing to use recycling shopping bags have an effect on the natural environment?

  VCEBC005 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 5 and 6 | Consumer and Financial Literacy

• VCELA362

  Understand that different social and geographical dialects or accents are used in Australia in addition to Standard Australian English

  Elaborations

  • recognising that there are more than 150 Aboriginal languages and two Torres Strait Islander languages and that they relate to geographic areas in Australia
  • recognising that all languages and dialects are of equal value, although we use different ones in different contexts, for example the use of Standard Australian English, Aboriginal English and forms of Creole used by some Torres Strait Islander groups and some of Australia’s near neighbours

  VCELA362 | Curriculum content | English | Level 6 | Speaking and Listening | Language