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• VCMSP297

  Distinguish between a population and a sample and investigate techniques for collecting data, including census, sampling and observation

  Elaborations

  • identifying situations where data can be collected by census and those where a sample is appropriate
  • investigating the differences between convenience, judgemental and simple random sampling from a population

  VCMSP297 | Mathematics | Level 8 | Statistics and Probability | Data representation and interpretation

• VCSIS113

  Communicate ideas, findings and solutions to problems including identifying impacts and limitations of conclusions and using appropriate scientific language and representations

  Elaborations

  • using digital technologies to access information, to communicate and collaborate with others on and off site and to present science ideas
  • selecting and using appropriate language and representations to communicate science ideas within a specified text type and for a specified audience

  VCSIS113 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Inquiry Skills | Communicating

• VCSIS112

  Reflect on the method used to investigate a question or solve a problem, including evaluating the quality of the data collected, and identify improvements to the method

  Elaborations

  • identifying and considering indicators of the quality of the data when analysing results
  • discussing investigation methods with others to share ideas about the quality of the inquiry processes used
  • suggesting improvements to investigation methods that would improve the accuracy of the data recorded

  VCSIS112 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Inquiry Skills | Analysing and evaluating

• VCSIS108

  Collaboratively and individually plan and conduct a range of investigation types, including fieldwork and experiments, ensuring safety and ethical guidelines are followed

  Elaborations

  • identifying whether the use of their own observations and experiments or the use of other research materials is appropriate for their investigation
  • using simulations and identifying their strengths and limitations
  • developing strategies and techniques for effective research using secondary sources, including use of the internet

  VCSIS108 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Inquiry Skills | Planning and conducting

• VCSSU095

  Mixtures, including solutions, contain a combination of pure substances that can be separated using a range of techniques

  Elaborations

  • recognising the differences between pure substances and mixtures and identifying examples of each
  • identifying the solvent and solute in solutions
  • investigating and using a range of physical separation techniques such as filtration, decantation, evaporation, crystallisation, chromatography and distillation
  • exploring and comparing separation methods used in the home

  VCSSU095 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Chemical sciences

• VCTRU063

  Recognise and use appropriate features of Turkish sound and writing systems to produce texts that include specialised and less familiar language

  Elaborations

  • recognising the vowel elision rule in two-syllable words and how this is related to suffixes, for example, burun-burnu, beyin-beyni, göğüs- göğsü, karın-karnı and oğul-oğlu
  • understanding sound assimilation in spoken Turkish which does not exist in the written form, for example, the written word onbaşı is pronounced ombaşı, herkes is pronounced herkez and eczane is pronounced ezzane
  • learning pronunciation of vowels and consonant clusters in loan words, for example, the stress and pronunciation of vowels in mükemmel and consonant clusters tr- in tren,-ks- in faksla and sp- in spor, pl- in plaj
  • identifying the different use of homophones in Turkish, learning how these affect meaning in sentences, for example, gül, yüz, dolu, ben, aç and çay
  • experimenting with rhythm and tempo in recitation of poems and ballads, developing understanding of the function of stress and applying it to unfamiliar words and phrases in more complex sentences and texts
  • developing a glossary of ICT terms and using the terms in their own texts, for example, bilgisayar, fare, yükleme/indirme, ağ, e-posta, biligisayar korsanı, yazıcı and aktarma, sanal alem

  VCTRU063 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCVIC163

  Create and present a range of texts, including multimodal and digital texts, involving imagined places, events, people and experiences, to entertain others

  Elaborations

  • creating texts such as a diary entry to reflect on an event in a story or film, or an interview with an imaginary character in a story or film
  • performing scenes that illustrate aspects of the personality and attitudes of characters from a variety of written and visual imaginative texts
  • creating the next scene, a new character or an alternative ending for Vietnamese imaginative texts such as a folk tale, short story, drama or film
  • performing a dramatisation of a creative text, for example, imagining themselves as characters in a poem, song or painting and creating a scenario and dialogue
  • adapting stories or films to new settings and contexts, imagining how characters might behave and react differently in different contexts and times
  • creating performances that reflect on significant Vietnamese or Australian events or histories, for example, Thánh Gióng, Hưng Đạo Vương, Bánh Dày Bánh Chưng, tết Nguyên đán, tết Trung thu, Australia Day, Anzac Day, Harmony Day
  • creating and performing simple raps, songs, skits or poems, using own imagination or relating own and others’ experiences

  VCVIC163 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCVIC011

  Reflect on own biography, including family origins, traditions and beliefs, considering how it impacts on identity and shapes intercultural communication

  Elaborations

  • mapping their own linguistic and cultural profiles, for example, by creating a timeline or web profile to highlight formative elements such as family languages, traditions and beliefs, key relationships and intercultural experiences
  • identifying events, relationships and experiences that have contributed to building a personal and/or collective sense of identity, for example, một kỳ nghỉ, một cuộc thi tài, bạn tôi, gia đình tôi, một đội/nhóm
  • identifying aspects of personal identity such as age, gender and social status that are important when interacting in Vietnamese, for example, using the correct personal pronouns to address elderly people (thưa ông/bà/bác/chú/cô/dì), and shaking or not shaking hands depending on gender and age
  • comparing cultural and intercultural experiences and language capabilities with peers, and exchanging views on the benefits of being bilingual

  VCVIC011 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCVIU012

  Recognise the features of the Vietnamese sound and writing system, including tones and tone markers, and explore Vietnamese pronunciation and spelling rules

  Elaborations

  • exploring the Vietnamese alphabet, identifying letters that have no equivalent in the English alphabet, such as ă, â, ê, ô, ơ, ư and đ, and vice versa (f, w, z)
  • reading, listening to and reproducing Vietnamese words with different tone markers, recognising that Vietnamese is a tonal language, and understanding that pitch changes affect the meaning of a word, for example, ma (‘ghost’), mà (‘but’/‘that’), má (‘mother’), mả (‘grave’), mã (‘horse’), mạ (‘rice seedling’)
  • listening to, reading and reproducing Vietnamese words with the same monophthongs or diphthongs, for example, đi thi, bà già, mai, nai, vài bài, developing awareness of sound–letter relationships to establish concepts of Vietnamese spelling rules
  • identifying words with the same syllables, including monophthongs, diphthongs and triphthongs, for example, nho nhỏ, đo đỏ, ngày nay, máy may, người người cười tươi, when listening to songs and reading poems
  • differentiating between consonant blends that are pronounced similarly such as ch and tr, d and gi, s and x, for example, che chở versus cây tre; hung dữ versus giữ nhà; cá sấu versus xấu quá
  • understanding and applying spelling rules for special cases such as the initial consonant k and consonant clusters kh, gh, ngh can go with the vowels i, e, ê only, for example, kể, khi, nghỉ, ghe, nghe, nghề, and rules relating to middle tone markers dấu hỏi and dấu ngã for Vietnamese alliterations (ngang, sắc, hỏi and huyền, ngã, nặng), such as in mát mẻ, vui vẻ; bẽ bàng, hờ hững
  • applying Vietnamese spelling rules, including adding or changing initial consonants, vowels or tone markers, to form new words, for example, đi thi, bà già, hai tai, mười người, ba và bà, no nê, thủ thỉ, nho nhỏ, nho đỏ, gió to, tươi cười
  • identifying similarities in the Vietnamese pronunciation of Chinese, French and English loan words such as sư phụ, toilet, gara, tivi, video

  VCVIU012 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU202

  Explain the phonological and tonal features of Chinese, including variations in tone, stress and phrasing in diverse settings

  Elaborations

  • recognising the value of Pinyin romanisation to assist in distinguishing and analysing differences in spoken Chinese, to generate digital texts and to develop understanding of sound–symbol correspondences in characters
  • identifying subtle differences in pronunciation in spoken Chinese, including variations in regional accents, especially in speakers of other dialects, for example, distinguishing between ‘qing’ and ‘qin’, ‘lou’ and ‘rou’, ‘liang’ and ‘lang’, ‘shi’ and ‘si’, ‘lan’ and ‘nan’
  • developing tone discrimination and exploring the impact of tone choice, including tone sandhi, on the meanings expressed in speech, for example, ‘mǎi’ and ‘mài’, ‘bùqù’ and ‘búqù’

  VCZHU202 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU173

  Identify structure and organisation of different texts, including expositions, procedural texts and recounts, and use these in their own speech and writing

  Elaborations

  • analysing and explaining the organisation and development of ideas or an argument in a range of genres, including textual features such as paragraphing
  • comparing the ways in which similar ideas and concepts are presented in different genres, discussing the impact of genre choice on text structure and language use (for example, in imaginative and evaluative texts), and determining how language choices achieve the desired effect
  • exploring the traditional structure of persuasive texts in Chinese, such as 总起-分述-总结, and discussing its effectiveness
  • reading samples of formal texts, such as news articles, official letters and informative reports, and identifying how the language use compares to their own everyday speech

  VCZHU173 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCFRC099

  Create bilingual texts and resources such as learning support materials, games or posters, deciding how to deal with elements that cannot be readily translated

  Elaborations

  • creating bilingual resources such as glossaries, word banks or personal French–English dictionaries, including explanations of some idioms and expressions
  • creating bilingual texts for the school or local community (for example, posters, library displays or contributions to online forums), considering how to represent meaning for different audiences
  • creating bilingual texts for specific audiences, for example, rhymes, stories or songs for younger learners of French, invitations to a class event, or posters for a performance
  • using dictionaries and electronic translation tools to create bilingual texts such as menus, schedules or captions for photo montages, and making decisions in relation to language, audience and cultural perspectives
  • designing and maintaining a bilingual website with a sister-school or contact group of English learners in a French-speaking community, making choices about when to use French or English depending on the context, topic and nature of the interaction

  VCFRC099 | Languages | French | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCASFU229

  Recognise and restrict signing to the standard signing space, and understand that pronouns, depicting signs and verbs can be located meaningfully in that space to show participants in a process

  Elaborations

  • describing the range of signing space in normal signed discourse
  • recognising that non-body-anchored nouns can be located in space and identifying instances of this
  • comparing and contrasting Auslan and English pronouns, in particular noticing that Auslan pronouns don’t show gender but they can show location and a specific number of referents, for example, WE2 (inclusive) and WE3 (inclusive) or WE2-NOT-INCLUDING-YOU (exclusive)
  • discussing the functions of different pointing signs, such as pronouns, determiners, locatives
  • noticing that enacting a role or modifying the beginning and end locations of some verbs can show the referents involved, for example:
    PRO1 ASK PRO3 versus PRO1 ASK-_her
    PRO3 ASK-_me CA:I-was-shocked
    
  • identifying what sorts of things can be represented in a DS by a particular handshape, for example a distant person, pole or tree can be represented by a point handshape, and a cylinder can be traced by a C handshape
  • identifying examples of DSs in an Auslan text, and recognising that handshape and movement represent different things in each type of DS, for example:
    • entity DSs: the handshape is an object or person, and the movement is the movement or location of that object or person
    • handling DSs: the handshape represents a person’s hands touching or moving another object, and the movement shows how the hands move
    • SASS DSs: the handshape and movement outline the shape or size of something

  VCASFU229 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCDSTS044

  Investigate the ways in which designed solutions evolve locally, nationally, regionally and globally through the creativity, innovation and enterprise of individuals and groups

  Elaborations

  • exploring how designed solutions have changed over time and predicting future developments, for example home entertainment, communications or food packaging
  • considering the rights and responsibilities of those working in design and technologies occupations, for example consideration of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander protocols
  • exploring the use and development of systems for navigating unfamiliar environments, for example a service to help tourists engage with a heritage area
  • investigating traditional and contemporary design and technologies, including from Asia, and predicting how they might change in the future in response to factors such as social change and the need for more sustainable patterns of living
  • identifying needs and new opportunities for design and enterprise, for example promotion and marketing of designed solutions
  • investigating how developments in materials, tools and equipment influence designed solutions

  VCDSTS044 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 7 and 8 | Technologies and Society

• VCGGC102

  Collect and record relevant geographical data and information from useful primary and secondary sources, using ethical protocols

  Elaborations

  • gathering from a range of primary and digital sources, for example, from GIS layers, observation, annotated field sketches, surveys and interviews, or photographs, relevant data about the impacts of and responses to a hydrological hazard, or the factors influencing decisions people make about where to live
  • collecting geographical information from secondary sources, such as digital sources, thematic maps, weather maps, climate graphs, compound column graphs and population pyramids, reports, census data and the media
  • applying ethical research methods, including the use of protocols for consultation with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities
  • considering the usefulness of primary and secondary data by finding out when it was collected and for what purpose, and comparing this to the purpose of research
  • gathering relevant data about the ways to protect significant landscapes from a range of primary and digital sources, such as from observation, annotated field sketches, surveys and interviews, or photographs

  VCGGC102 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Data and information

• VCHIC060

  Interpret and compare representations of values, characters and events from a range of traditional and contemporary imaginative texts

  Elaborations

  • comparing themes and values represented in contemporary texts such as cartoons or video games with those conveyed in traditional fables, epic poems and legends
  • analysing cultural styles of humour in comedies or cartoons, for example, by comparing Hindi jokes about family relationships, such as mother-in-law/daughter-in-law and husband/wife jokes पति- पत्नी इत्यादि के चुटकुले, with humour around similar relationships in Australian English
  • identifying characters in fables and legends that embody particular qualities, values or defects that have come to represent recognisable character traits in everyday speech, for example, referring to a playful or naughty child as Krishna or Kahnaiyya, or to a late-sleeper as Kumbakaran
  • considering whether values and aspirations expressed in historical texts such as letters written during the freedom struggles in India might have relevance to their own lives
  • comparing style, creative effects and cultural values reflected in popular Hindi and Australian music by listening to music stations, reading print or online music magazines, classifying song titles or viewing clips from Bollywood films
  • comparing representations of traditions and beliefs across cultures through visual and performing arts, for example, by comparing different living traditions present in Australia, including cultural and artistic expression associated with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
  • providing a live commentary to a dance performance, interpreting movements, commenting on the significance of costume and interpreting messages conveyed through the performance

  VCHIC060 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCZHC197

  Interact with and express opinions on a range of imaginative texts

  Elaborations

  • viewing segments of texts such as popular music videos in Chinese from various sources of media, such as Pop Asia on SBS, and expressing personal opinions, for example, 我觉得…很有意思
  • comparing stories and characters in Chinese and Australian popular media and identifying the themes and topics that interest young people from different cultural backgrounds, for example, 澳大利亚的年轻人也很喜欢看动作片
  • reading short texts such as comics and cartoons, and identifying words, phrases and expressions the author has used to capture characters’ emotions and reactions, for example, euphemistic phrases such as 真的吗？真倒霉！哎呀！
  • reading extracts from culturally significant Chinese children’s literature, discussing their personal responses to the characters and storyline, and relating the story to personal experience or expressing empathy for characters
  • reading jokes or cartoons in Chinese, discussing how humour is conveyed through words and the presentation of ideas, and comparing with humour in English, discussing whether ‘entertainment’ means the same thing in different languages and cultures
  • reading children’s literature, including fables and traditional stories, exploring values and morals such as the concept of 寓意 in 动画片，小人书, and comparing values and morals conveyed through texts across cultures, for example, 凿壁偷光，塞翁失马 （你能找到英语中类似的说法吗？ 你觉得这个故事的寓意在澳大利亚有意义吗？）

  VCZHC197 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• Civics and Citizenship: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students explain features of Australia’s system of government, and the purpose of the Constitution in Australia’s representative democracy. They analyse features of Australian democracy, and explain features that enable active participation. They explain how...

  Level description | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 7 and 8

• Spanish - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students share information about their personal worlds, including personal details, family, friends, leisure activities, likes and dislikes, for example, Hola amigo, ¿Cómo estás? Me gusta tocar la guitarra, No me gusta comer carne. They interact with...

  Level description | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8

• VCCCL023

  Compare how laws are made in Australia, including through parliaments (statutory law) and courts (common law), and explain different types of laws, including executive law (delegated law), criminal law, civil law and the place of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander customary law

  Elaborations

  • comparing some examples of statutes and common laws and the way they are made
  • distinguishing statutory and common law from executive law (delegated law)
  • discussing examples of recent laws passed through parliaments that enact government policy
  • explaining the difference between criminal law and civil law
  • considering the significance of customary law for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
  • describe an example of the process of law making

  VCCCL023 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 7 and 8 | Laws and Citizens