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• Arabic - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students use written and spoken Arabic to exchange information about their personal worlds and to express feelings, likes and dislikes. They use formulaic language for a range of classroom functions and processes, such as asking and responding to questions, following instructions...

  Level description | Languages | Arabic | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8

• German - F–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students use written and spoken German to interact with teachers, peers and others; to make decisions, solve problems and negotiate transactions; and to exchange and justify ideas, opinions and views. When interacting, they use both rehearsed and spontaneous language to...

  Level description | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8

• Hindi - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 description

  Students develop explicit knowledge of the forms and functions of language elements that some may already use fluently in their spoken language. Literacy development provides the opportunity not only to read and write the language but also to understand how it is formed and how it works. Students...

  Level description | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence

• Turkish - F–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 description

  Students continue to expand their range of vocabulary to domains beyond their personal experience and interests. They use a range of grammatical forms and language structures to convey more complex ideas and experiences, for example, by using reflexive, reciprocal, causative and passive verbal...

  Level description | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence

• Vietnamese - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 description

  Students recognise and use features of the Vietnamese sound and writing systems, including tones and tone markers, and apply appropriate pronunciation and spelling rules in spoken and written texts. They apply elements of Vietnamese grammar to the production of texts, such as appropriate word...

  Level description | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence

• Korean - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students use Korean to interact with each other and teachers in classroom routines and activities, exchanging greetings, wishes, experiences, interests and information. They approximate different sounds and intonation patterns of Korean during spoken interaction, and construct...

  Level description | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8

• VCZHU092

  Identify and use the characteristics of Chinese word order and explain the use of Chinese-specific grammatical features

  Elaborations

  • analysing the variety of verb types found in Chinese — for example, adjectival verbs (高、大) and modal verbs (会、可以) — and the placement and use of adverbs, for example, 都 to indicate inclusion; 就 to indicate sequence
  • identifying the placement of time and place phrases; the use of conjunctions (for example, 和 to add information; 还是/或者 to offer or indicate choices); and the role of measure words, for example, 个、只
  • exploring the clauses of a sentence in Chinese and noticing how they are linked coherently, for example, 他叫王晓明，(他) 是我的朋友 (zero subject/pronoun)
  • explaining the concept of ‘tense’ across languages, for example, asking: What tense is used in English to share ideas about a future activity? Can you exemplify how future tense is used in English? How is future tense expressed in Chinese? (我明天去北京，下个星期去上海)
  • applying processes of discourse development by joining, contrasting and sequencing using 也、和、但是、就, and exploring the use of cohesive devices and ways of extending, sequencing and elaborating ideas, for example, through the use of connectives, conjunctions and subject pronouns

  VCZHU092 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCESU015

  Understand that Spanish, like all languages, is used in different ways according to roles, relationships and social and cultural contexts

  Elaborations

  • noticing variations in language use based on the age, gender and social relationships of speakers and the context and purpose of interactions, for example, by selecting appropriate greetings and terms of address for people of different ages or status (Hola, ¿qué tal Diana? Buenas tardes, Señor Méndez, Diga, ¿quién llama?)
  • recognising that register shifts according to familiarity and social position, for example, using different pronouns and the corresponding verb endings in formal or informal interactions (¿Cómo se llama usted? ¿Cómo te llamas?)
  • observing that many Spanish speakers are multilingual and regularly shift between languages to achieve different purposes and to draw on additional communicative resources

  VCESU015 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• Classical Greek: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students use their knowledge of vocabulary, grammar and textual cues to identify and interpret information in Classical Greek texts, such as narratives, about the daily life and attitudes of the ancient Greeks. They interpret grammatical structures such as inflected forms...

  Level description | Languages | Classical Greek | Levels 7 and 8

• German - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students share information about their personal worlds, including personal details, family, friends, interests, likes, dislikes and preferences. They interact with others to carry out transactions, participate in class routines and socialise. They use modelled language and...

  Level description | Languages | German | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8

• Hindi - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students interact with the teacher and peers to exchange information and opinions about their personal worlds, for example, मेरे परिवार के अधिकतर सदस्य ऑस्ट्रेलिया में रहते हैं लेकिन कुछ सदस्य भारत में भी रहते हैं। मुझे क्रिकेट खेलना अच्छा लगता है क्योंकि...... They exchange...

  Level description | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8

• Indonesian - F–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students use Indonesian to interact and exchange ideas, experiences and interests with teachers, peers and others. They pronounce polysyllabic words such as mendengarkan, pekerjaan and menyiapkan, stressing the penultimate syllable with some accuracy. When interacting, they...

  Level description | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8

• Japanese - F–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students use Japanese to interact with peers, the teacher and others to exchange information, recount experiences and express opinions. They use verb ましょう for planning and making arrangements and offering suggestions. They ask and respond to a range of questions, for example,

  Level description | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8

• Spanish - F–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students use written and spoken Spanish for classroom interactions, to carry out transactions and to exchange views and experiences with peers and others in a range of contexts. They use rehearsed and spontaneous language to give and follow instructions and engage in discussions...

  Level description | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8

• Vietnamese - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students use written and spoken Vietnamese to interact with peers and the teacher to exchange personal information (for example, Em tên Nam. Em mười hai tuổi. Em sinh ở Úc), describe feelings (for example, Em vui/hạnh phúc) and express preferences (for example

  Level description | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8

• VCARC011

  Reflect on own identity, including aspects that relate to personal observations, experiences and feelings, and recognise how elements of identity such as family background, school and interests impact on intercultural exchange

  Elaborations

  • mapping their own linguistic and cultural profiles, for example, by creating a timeline or web profile to highlight formative elements such as family languages, traditions and beliefs, key relationships and intercultural experiences
  • identifying events, relationships and experiences that have contributed to building a personal and/or collective sense of identity, for example,

    مكان الولادة؛ جنسية الأهل؛ أسس القيم التي تربّى عليها؛ المجموعات أو الفرق التي ينتمي إليها مثل فريق كرة القدم؛ فرقة الرقص؛ فريق التمثيل المدرسي؛ فريق المناظرات

  • identifying aspects of personal identity such as age, gender and social status that are important when interacting in Arabic, for example, using the correct personal pronouns to address elderly people (أنتَ/أنتِ ), shaking or not shaking hands depending on gender, and the number of kisses on the cheek
  • comparing cultural and intercultural experiences and language capabilities with peers, and exchanging views on the benefits of being bilingual

  VCARC011 | Languages | Arabic | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCVIC011

  Reflect on own biography, including family origins, traditions and beliefs, considering how it impacts on identity and shapes intercultural communication

  Elaborations

  • mapping their own linguistic and cultural profiles, for example, by creating a timeline or web profile to highlight formative elements such as family languages, traditions and beliefs, key relationships and intercultural experiences
  • identifying events, relationships and experiences that have contributed to building a personal and/or collective sense of identity, for example, một kỳ nghỉ, một cuộc thi tài, bạn tôi, gia đình tôi, một đội/nhóm
  • identifying aspects of personal identity such as age, gender and social status that are important when interacting in Vietnamese, for example, using the correct personal pronouns to address elderly people (thưa ông/bà/bác/chú/cô/dì), and shaking or not shaking hands depending on gender and age
  • comparing cultural and intercultural experiences and language capabilities with peers, and exchanging views on the benefits of being bilingual

  VCVIC011 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCVIU170

  Expand understanding of how different types of texts are structured and employ particular language features to suit different audiences, contexts and purposes

  Elaborations

  • analysing different types of texts, such as recipes, profiles, songs, poems, stories, recounts, reports, advertisements or conversations, to identify audience, purpose, structure and language techniques
  • examining structural features of informal text types, for example, dates on letters, postcards and diary entries
  • exploring the way content is developed in different types of texts, and how ideas and information are structured, for example, headings, paragraphs, topic sentences, elaborations, topic/idea shifts
  • identifying and comparing language features of different types of texts, for example, use of first person point of view and descriptive and emotive language in personal recounts and diary entries
  • recognising linguistic choices made to vary texts according to their intended audience and degree of formality, for example, changing personal pronouns or tone to indicate changes in relationship between participants or degree of (in)formality

  VCVIU170 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCESU017

  Recognise that Spanish is a global language that is spoken in a variety of forms in different communities around the world, including Australia

  Elaborations

  • recognising that Spanish is an important world language spoken in a range of varieties dialects, and variable accents across the Spanish-speaking world, for example, by identifying Spanish-speaking countries or regions on a map of the world
  • understanding the nature of the distribution of Spanish speakers across the world, not only in countries where Spanish is an official language but also in other countries such as the United States or the Philippines where the Spanish language and cultures have an important presence
  • recognising language variation across the Spanish-speaking world in terms of pronunciation, for example, the different pronunciation of the syllables ce and ci (gracias Cecilia)
  • exploring language variation in relation to vocabulary, for example, ‘a computer’ is un ordenador in Spain and una computadora in Latin America; ‘strawberries’ are fresas in Spain and frutillas in Argentina; ‘bus’ is colectivo in Venezuela, omnibus in Peru, camión in Mexico and guagua in Cuba
  • recognising that there is also variation in some grammatical forms, for example, the use of the pronoun vos in several countries in Latin America compared to tú in Spain; the masculine direct object pronoun le/lo in Spain and lo in Latin America
  • recognising differences between standard varieties of Spanish and varying degrees of language blending and influence, for example, Spanglish
  • recognising that many Spanish speakers also speak one or more regional and/or local languages, for example, Catalan or Basque

  VCESU017 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCESU179

  Investigate the nature and extent of Spanish language use in both Australian and global contexts

  Elaborations

  • recognising that Spanish is an important world language spoken in a range of varieties, accents and grammatical variations across the Spanish-speaking world, for example, by identifying Spanish-speaking countries or regions on a world map
  • understanding the nature of the distribution of Spanish speakers across the world, not only in countries where Spanish is an official language but also in other countries such as the United States and the Philippines where the Spanish language and cultures have an important presence
  • exploring language variation in relation to vocabulary, for example, ‘strawberries’ are fresas in Spain and frutillas in Argentina; ‘bus’ is colectivo in Venezuela, ómnibus in Peru, camión in Mexico and guagua in Cuba
  • recognising that there is also variation in some grammatical forms, for example, the use of the pronoun vos in several Latin American countries compared to tú in Spain; the masculine direct object pronoun le/lo in Spain and lo in Latin America
  • recognising differences between standard varieties of Spanish and varying degrees of language blending and influence, for example, Spanglish
  • recognising that many speakers of Spanish also speak one or more regional and/or local languages, such as Catalan or Basque; and researching the extent and impact of Spanish-language networks, associations and activities in different Australian communities, for example, creating a database classifying activities, events, exchange and media organisations, Spanish-speaking films on SBS, advertisements for travel to Spanish-speaking countries, and Spanish language classes

  VCESU179 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change