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• VCARC025

  Translate and interpret texts from Arabic into English and vice versa, compare own translations and interpretations with others’ and discuss reasons for differences

  Elaborations

  • translating existing texts and experimenting with unfamiliar words or expressions, reflecting on challenges associated with transferring meaning from one language to another
  • comparing one another’s translations of the same text, commenting on differences and similarities between versions and considering possible reasons for these
  • translating texts, identifying culture-specific vocabulary and expressions, such as والله ولي التوفيق؛ تقبل فائق الإحترام , discussing strategies for choosing words that best reflect the intended meaning and context
  • paraphrasing English words or expressions that have no specific equivalent in Arabic, such as ‘mufti day’ or ‘fundraiser’, and annotating them in order to convey their intended meaning
  • reflecting on the difficulty of achieving equivalence in translations of creative texts such as poems, songs and film clips, identifying words and phrases that require particular elaboration or explanation
  • experimenting with interpreting in English popular expressions, proverbs or idioms in Arabic, and reflecting on the social and cultural values that may be embedded in them
  • analysing existing translations of texts, such as film subtitles, comparing them with own translation, and reflecting on why translations may vary

  VCARC025 | Languages | Arabic | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCARC179

  Create bilingual texts that reflect aspects of culture for Arabic- speaking and English-speaking audiences in the school and wider community, for example, pamphlets, travel brochures or road directories

  Elaborations

  • considering how to maintain the integrity of original texts when translating into Arabic or English, for example, explaining culture-specific concepts relating to Arabic-speaking communities, such as التّحيات والسّلامات والسؤال عن الأهل والأقارب , or to the Australian context, such as ‘the bush’ or ‘the outback’, and representing original ideas and meanings bilingually
  • producing bilingual texts, such as video clips with subtitles, explaining cultural practices in Australia for Arabic-speaking viewers, for example, bushwalking, Anzac Day commemorations
  • producing digital and online texts in both Arabic and English, such as brochures and leaflets, for different contexts, purposes and audiences, such as Arabic-speaking students studying in Australia, Arabic-speaking tourists, or Australian schools hosting Arabic-speaking visitors, and reflecting on the process of working in both languages
  • creating captions or commentaries in Arabic and English to accompany texts such as song lyrics, video clips, film extracts or parts of a television program, exchanging and comparing bilingual texts with peers using online forums and discussing the best ways of achieving consistency in meaning

  VCARC179 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCASFC109

  Describe activities and experiences and share and respond to ideas and feelings about people they know, their daily lives, social worlds and school community

  Elaborations

  • recounting classroom events using indicating, plain and depicting verbs, for example:
    MONDAY PRO1-_plural DS:many-people-go-to SPORT DAY. PRO1 ENJOY
    We all went to a sports day on Monday. I enjoyed it.
  • describing the appearance of people, objects and places using SASS depicting signs and spatial location
  • recounting personal experiences using specific time-related signs and conjunctions, such as:
    LAST HOLIDAYS PRO1 CAMP
    Last holidays I went camping.
  • describing activities they have completed using some verb modifications to show manner, for example:
    PRO1 WRITE-_carelessly
    I wrote it very quickly.
  • interacting with members of the Deaf community to share details of their personal world
  • describing relationships between themselves and members of their school community, for example:
    PRO3 POSS1 BEST FRIEND
    She’s my best friend.
    M-R-S S-M-I-T-H POSS1 SCIENCE TEACHER
    Mrs Smith is my science teacher.
  • recounting events involving more than one person using constructed action
  • describing events that they have experienced and how they made them feel, for example:
    MONDAY DEAF PERSON VISIT SCHOOL PRO1 EXCITED MEET
    On Monday a Deaf visitor came to school. I was excited to meet them.
    MOVIE SCARY BUT PRO1 LIKE
    The movie was scary but I liked it.
  • comparing attributes or characteristics of classmates or classroom objects, for example:
    S-A-M RUN FAST C-H-R-I-S WORSE FAST SPEED
    Sam runs fast but Chris runs the fastest.
    THAT BEST COMPUTER
    That’s the best computer.
    
  • comparing weekend or holiday routines, interests and activities, using signs associated with time, sequence and location, for example:
    REGULAR SUMMER PRO1-_plural GROUP-MOVE-TO COUNTRY STAY++ TWO WEEK
    We go to the beach for three weeks in summer.
    WEEKEND PRO1 GO-TO-AND-BACK++ CAMP
    I go camping on weekends.
    

  VCASFC109 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCDEC172

  Engage in a range of shared activities such as managing events and arguing for a course of action by persuading others to change their opinion and/or behaviour

  Elaborations

  • organising a real or simulated forum to raise awareness of environmental, social or ethical issues such as persuading fellow students to act in a more environmentally friendly or socially aware manner, for example, Was können wir für die Umwelt machen? Wie kann man den Obdachlosen/Asylanten helfen?
  • creating a collaborative communications project, for example, via social media or a daily news segment for a community television or radio station, using appropriate terms to introduce, identify and summarise, for example, Wir ihr alle wisst… Es ist nötig, dass wir… Wollt ihr auch nicht…?
  • applying for opportunities such as student exchange programs or scholarships, giving details of education, work experience, skills and interests such as in a Lebenslauf or by writing a formal letter to apply for a position, using appropriate language conventions, for example, Sehr geehrte/r … ; Mit freundlichen Grüßen; Ich bin für diese Position geeignet, da ich… .
  • role-playing formal/informal negotiations, for example, a teacher/parent and teenager resolving a disagreement about Ausgehen, Freunde or Noten in der Schule
  • participating in a simulated Vorstellungsgespräch, persuading a prospective employer of their suitability for a part-time job

  VCDEC172 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCDEC018

  Initiate and maintain interactions with peers and adults by seeking and offering ideas, opinions and feelings as well as information related to relationships, school experience, community and future plans

  Elaborations

  • participating in conversations using strategies to sustain interactions, such as asking for repetition, clarification and confirmation, for example, Wiederholen Sie die Frage, bitte! Was bedeutet das? Meinen Sie… ?
  • discussing and giving opinions on aspects of school life, such as timetables, subjects, teachers and uniforms, for example, Wann haben wir montags Deutsch?; Ich finde Mathe interessant, aber meine Mathelehrerin ist sehr streng. Und du, findest du Mathe auch interessant?
  • exchanging personal information and views in digital communications with peers about their school, family and friends, for example, Ich finde meine Schule sehr gut, obwohl… ; Ich komme gut mit meinem Bruder aus, weil … .
  • describing own Wohnort and commenting on advantages and disadvantages of living there, such as whether there are sporting or shopping facilities nearby, for example, Ich wohne gern auf dem Land. Es gibt in der Nähe einen Fluss und einen Fußballplatz. Leider haben wir kein Kino. Gibt es einen Supermarkt, wo du wohnst?
  • recounting events and describing activities and personal experiences from the past, for example, Gestern Abend hat Bayern-Műnchen gegen Mainz gewonnen. Hast du das Spiel gesehen?; Wir sind in den Ferien zum Strand gefahren.
  • comparing own characteristics, weaknesses and strengths with those of others, and describing the ideal friend, for example, Ich bin fleiβig, unabhängig und abenteuerlustig. Leider bin ich aber auch stur und unordentlich.; Ein guter Freund muss treu und ehrlich sein.
  • posing and responding to questions, such as about future plans and aspirations, for example, Was wirst du in den Ferien machen? Wir werden zu Hause bleiben.; Was sind deine Zukunftspläne? Nach der 12. Klasse werde ich vielleicht Betriebswirtschaft studieren. Und du, was hast du vor?

  VCDEC018 | Languages | German | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCDEU033

  Understand that language has power and changes over time as a result of contact with other languages and with influences such as globalisation and new technologies and knowledge

  Elaborations

  • considering how language marks values and attitudes such as respect and equality, and includes and excludes, for example, the use of titles or first names (Herr Doktor Schmidt, Herr Schmidt, Georg), different words for the same entity (foreigner/immigrant/refugee), the gendered nature of professional titles (der Lehrer, die Lehrerin; das Kindermädchen), and access to community information fornon-English speakers
  • noting that although German grammar has not changed as much as English over the centuries, it did relatively recently undergo changes in spelling and punctuation in the official Rechtschreibreform, requiring, for example, β to be used only after long vowel sounds or diphthongs (Fuβball, Spaβ, weiβ), and ss to be used after short vowels (dass, Klasse)
  • investigating and reporting on evidence of current and historical influences of German language and culture in the local and broader Australian community, for example, German/Austrian/Swiss place names (Heidelberg, Hahndorf, Leichhardt, Grindelwald), food (cafés, restaurants, bakeries, market stalls), festivals and celebrations (German Film Festival, Swiss Festival, Weihnachtsmarkt), and organisations (Goethe-Institut, SBS German Radio, clubs, churches, companies)
  • considering the concept of ‘ecology’ in relation to German and other languages; that is, the interaction of the language with constantly changing environments due to globalisation, technology, and language shifts and exchange

  VCDEU033 | Languages | German | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCGRCU026

  Understand that Greek became the dominant language of the ancient Mediterranean world and facilitated the spread of Greek civilisation and culture, and that Classical Greek continues to enrich English through specialist vocabulary and abstract concepts embodied in the language

  Elaborations

  • recognising that, from the Hellenistic period onwards, Koine Greek developed from Classical Greek to become the lingua franca of Eastern Mediterranean lands and the language of the New Testament
  • discussing the spread of Greek influence across the Mediterranean and Black Sea, including the use of Greek as the common language for government, trade, commerce, education and law
  • investigating how the Greek language allowed the spread of innovative Greek ideas in the areas of science, medicine, mathematics, historiography, geography and philosophy, for example, μαθηματικά, γεωγραφία, ἱστορία, φιλοσοφία
  • recognising that there were many dialects of Greek spoken in antiquity, such as Doric, Aeolic, Arcado–Cypriot
  • exploring famous centres of Greek learning and culture such as Alexandria, Antioch and Ephesus
  • recognising the spread of Greek ideas in the Roman world, shown by the use of borrowed Greek vocabulary in Latin to denote such concepts as stadium, palaestra, rhetor theatrum, comedia, stoica, philosophia
  • exploring abstract concepts derived from Classical Greek, such as philanthropy, idol, autonomy, paradox, aesthetics, nostalgia, agony
  • exploring and discussing the meaning of Classical Greek sayings used in literature, such as μηδὲν ἄγαν, γνῶθι σαυτόν, μολὼν λαβέ
  • recognising words in English that are a hybrid of Classical Greek and Latin, for example, metalanguage, quantum physics, teleconference, television, automobile
  • discussing Classical Greek derivatives that are used in fields such as business and education, for example, macroeconomics, monopoly, pedagogy, syllabus
  • examining the Classical Greek roots of English words in subjects across the school curriculum, such as theorem, metaphor, photosynthesis, chlorine, atom, planet, geophysical, ecosystem, orchestra, music, scene, dialogue, chorus, athletics
  • identifying Classical Greek roots in English scientific, technical and medical terminology, for example, catalyst, aerodynamic, pathogen, bacteria, atherosclerosis, acne, asthma, chromatography, symmetry, thermometer, seismic
  • exploring how Classical Greek is used to coin terms for new technology and new discoveries in science and medicine in the modern world, such as gigabyte, nanotechnology, antioxidant, polymer, genotype, triglyceride
  • applying knowledge of Classical Greek to form plurals of borrowed English words, for example, criterion/criteria, phenomenon/phenomena, crisis/crises, thesis/theses, stigma/stigmata
  • discussing the enduring use of Classical Greek in religious contexts, for example, κύριε ἐλέησον, Χριστὀς, ἐκκλησία, βάπτισμα, συναγωγή, κλῆρος, ἄγγελος, πρεσβύτερος, ὕμνος, βίβλος, εὐαγγέλιον

  VCGRCU026 | Languages | Classical Greek | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | The powerful influence of language and culture

• VCLAU026

  Understand that Latin became the official language of the Roman empire and facilitated the spread of Roman civilisation and culture, and that Latin continues to enrich English through specialist vocabulary and abstract concepts embodied in the language

  Elaborations

  • recognising that, as the Roman world expanded, Latin became the language of communication, trade, administration, education and law throughout its sphere of influence
  • exploring the role of Latin in the process of Romanisation, and its influence on local languages
  • discussing the impact on people and their lives in Roman provinces, with Latin as the common language, and Roman infrastructure such as aqueducts, sewers, roads and shipping, safe trade routes, standardised currency and weights and measures
  • recognising the spread of ancient Greek ideas through Latin, such as the use of Greek vocabulary and concepts in literature and philosophy, for example, stadium, rhetor, theatrum, poeta, stoica, philosophia
  • exploring abstract concepts derived from Latin, such as justice, liberty, republic, fraternity, charity, genius, piety
  • recognising terms in English that are hybrids of Classical Greek and Latin, for example, metalanguage, quantum physics, teleconference
  • discussing Latin words and expressions that are used in fields such as law, business and education, for example, de facto, non sequitur, agenda, forum, curriculum
  • examining the Latin roots of English words in subjects across the school curriculum, for example, technical vocabulary related to reporting research, such as ibid and stet
  • identifying Latin roots in English scientific, technical and medical terminology, for example, genus, species; computer, data, accumulator, super conductor, cellular differentiation, quantum teleportation; cancer, cannula, defibrillator, incision, amputation
  • exploring how Latin is used to coin terms for new technology and new discoveries in science and medicine in the modern world, such as internet, Trojan (horse), forum, virus
  • applying knowledge of Latin to form and explain plurals of English words borrowed from Latin, for example, indices, media, vertebrae, curricula, alumni
  • exploring mottoes and inscriptions, such as per ardua ad astra or mens sana in corpore sano, and discussing their relevance in the modern world
  • investigating the enduring nature and use of Latin in academic and religious ceremonies, for example, summa cum laude, honoris causa, gaudeamus igitur or pater noster

  VCLAU026 | Languages | Latin | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | The powerful influence of language and culture

• VCASFC243

  Create, develop and resource bilingual texts for use in the wider school community

  Elaborations

  • creating bilingual texts for the school community, for example, posters, library displays or digital newsletter items, discussing how to represent meaning in two languages for different audiences
  • developing collaborative translations of selected signed texts into spoken English or caption form
  • collecting and recording various Auslan phrases and expressions used by native Deaf signers, attaching English captions with appropriate translations, for example, PAH! = finally, TALK = communicate in speech or Auslan, CHAT = talk in Auslan
  • creating Auslan clips with English captions for the school website of items of interest to the school community
  • composing bilingual texts for class or school assembly performances, events or displays, for example, NWDP announcements

  VCASFC243 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCASFC117

  Create bilingual texts such as notices, displays or newsletters for use in the wider school community

  Elaborations

  • creating captions for pre-recorded signed texts to be used in a variety of school contexts, for example, a translation of the Auslan version of the school song or a ‘welcome to the school’ video
  • creating bilingual texts for use in the school community, such as informative posters that include signed images or digital library displays about Auslan, considering how to represent meaning in the two languages for different audiences
  • composing bilingual texts for class or school assembly performances, events or displays, for example, NWDP announcements
  • using bilingual online dictionaries and electronic tools to compose bilingual texts such as an online Auslan–English version of a school newsletter
  • contributing items of signed news and information to a bilingual school website or web page associated with their class, school or local community

  VCASFC117 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCASFC081

  Create resources such as videos, glossaries and classifications in English to interpret cultural aspects of Auslan texts

  Elaborations

  • collecting and explaining to non-Auslan users expressions and culturally specific terms encountered in Auslan texts, for example, hearing, residential school
  • collecting and recording different signs, attaching English captions with appropriate translations, for example, PAH! = finally, TALK = communicate in speech or Auslan, CHAT = talk in Auslan
  • creating a bilingual virtual tour of the school for use on the school website
  • developing a signed and captioned film presentation, for example, about how to work with an interpreter
  • making a short bilingual documentary in Auslan and English about a topical issue, moving through the processes of drafting, translating and captioning the final product
  • capturing and presenting stories recorded from interviews in Auslan with members of the Deaf community, captioning the interviews in English

  VCASFC081 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCDEC022

  Present information and opinions in different modes and familiar text types appropriate to audience, context and purpose, applying conventions of text types

  Elaborations

  • presenting information in a range of persuasive and informative texts, such as advertisements, websites and magazine articles, using visual images and/or sound effects to enhance meaning for different target audiences
  • explaining a procedure or practice, using simple language and supporting graphics, materials and gestures, for example, how to play a game or sport, a cooking show segment, or fashion tips
  • creating a web page for young German-speaking travellers looking for work in Australia, indicating different regional employment possibilities and providing key points of information about each region, for example, Farmarbeit in Queensland, Kindermädchen im Outback, Küchenhilfe an der Südküste
  • conveying information, opinions and ideas by aligning choice of language and text structure to topics and themes, for example, using emotive images and captions to highlight issues such as Jugendarbeitslosigkeit, or rap rhythms and slogans to provoke reactions or to entertain

  VCDEC022 | Languages | German | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCESC020

  Negotiate with peers to plan and take action on local and global issues and to engage in different forms of spoken, written and digital transactions

  Elaborations

  • participating in collaborative planning and decision-making, such as arranging an event or campaign to promote awareness of an issue such as recycling, using persuasive and descriptive language in spoken, written and digital modes of presentation, for example, posters, stimulus questions, statistics
  • producing action-oriented resources such as websites, posters or online features on issues related to the Spanish-speaking world, incorporating declarative language and argument, for example, ¿Qué creéis que tenemos que hacer para ..., creo que primero deberíamos escribir..., sugiero que terminemos, es evidente que…
  • creating promotional and informative texts to support fundraising activities, such as humanitarian initiatives in Spanish-speaking countries
  • planning real or virtual activities such as Spanish-language forums, for example by composing and rehearsing possible contributions or questions

  VCESC020 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCJAC185

  Present different types of information for specific purposes and contexts using appropriate formats and styles of presentation

  Elaborations

  • creating a personal profile or résumé for a real or imagined part-time job, including basic information such as age, experience, interests and skills, for example, 人と話(はな)すことが好きです。 一年間(ねんかん)、スーパーではたらきました。しゃしんにきょうみがあります 。
  • creating informative or promotional texts such as posters, leaflets or web pages targeted at their own age group, for example, promotional materials for recreational activities, advice on healthy eating or environmental sustainability, reviews of new music releases
  • researching and reporting on community attitudes towards and challenges in relation to issues such as recycling, using presentation techniques such as Venn diagrams, digital displays, flow charts or captioned photographic displays
  • composing individual and group contributions to different forms of social media, such as tweets, memes, blogs, shared websites or student newsletters on issues related to their own social worlds

  VCJAC185 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCJAC183

  Develop language to reflect on the experience of learning and using Japanese

  Elaborations

  • using reflective language to discuss the experience of learning and using Japanese, for example, ぶんぽうはちょっとむずかしいと思います。
  • evaluating Japanese learning resources such as textbooks, websites or dictionaries, for example, じしょはとてもべんりですが、オンラインじしょはもっとべんりです。
  • building and using metalanguage to discuss language and language learning, for example, めいし、けいようし、どうし、ぶん
  • engaging in peer and self-reflection activities, such as providing evaluations or giving and receiving compliments using culturally appropriate language, for example, ～くんは会話(かいわ)が上手(じょうず)ですね。いいえ、まあまあです。

  VCJAC183 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCNRC111

  Create bilingual texts that draw on the language being studied and English for different purposes, such as menus or product instructions designed for both language contexts

  Elaborations

  • creating a range of bilingual texts to entertain and inform others, such as video clips, cartoons, posters and brochures
  • creating a shared website with a group of students who speak the language, posting items of interest, comments and questions in both the language and English
  • creating a storyboard outline which brings familiar English-speaking characters to contexts from the language being studied
  • creating a glossary of key vocabulary and expressions used in informative and persuasive texts
  • creating bilingual captions for tourist attractions in target language speaking countries or Australia to explain their significance and cultural references, for example, the bush
  • creating bilingual texts to provide information and instructions to others, for example, a bilingual brochure about the school for a visiting group of exchange students
  • creating a menu in the language with footnotes in English about the ingredients

  VCNRC111 | Languages | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCRAC106

  Engage with texts to locate information and infer meaning, state opinions on information obtained and present it in new forms

  Elaborations

  • locating specific ideas and information about youth and environmental issues or ideas related to other curriculum areas in texts such as advertisements, video clips, job vacancies, reports, magazine articles, reviews and graffiti, and presenting ideas and information to others
  • listening to texts such as advertisements, announcements, interviews and conversations to gather details and use these in own texts, for example, inviting a friend to an event based on a radio advertisement or creating a profile based on an interview with a celebrity
  • researching aspects of society, history and culture (for example, religious beliefs and practices, sports or prominent historical figures) by gathering information from texts and exchanges with peers and adults
  • critically analysing texts such as commercials, websites and brochures that show different representations of the culture/s studied, and reflecting on key messages

  VCRAC106 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCVIU189

  Analyse the impact of media, technology, globalisation, migration and popular culture on Vietnamese language use in Vietnam and overseas

  Elaborations

  • discussing the influence of electronic ‘chat’ language on students’ literacy skills in Vietnamese and English
  • exploring how globalisation has resulted in the introduction of English words and expressions into Vietnamese, for example, the use of English terms for technology, such as CD, DVD, USB, video, TV, remote control, computer, laptop, internet and website, despite the existence of Vietnamese equivalents, or mixing English into the lyrics of contemporary Vietnamese popular music, and discussing the advantages/disadvantages of such influences
  • exploring the influence of popular culture on Vietnamese language spoken in Vietnam and overseas through the development of new vocabulary such as phong cách / thời trang Hàn quốc, truyện tranh Nhật Bản, nhạc RIB/hiphop
  • exploring the Vietnamese words used in Vietnam that are unfamiliar in Vietnamese-speaking communities in other countries, for example, bức xúc, vấn đề nổi cộm

  VCVIU189 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCZHC068

  Collate and present different perspectives on a range of issues from different sources

  Elaborations

  • exploring websites designed for non-Chinese audiences, identifying relevant information on research topics such as 中式饮食，娱乐活动, and comparing sources, differentiating between fact and opinion, and identifying information which is not credible or which is too value-laden
  • reading and sharing key information from diverse authors, making connections between the author’s opinion and attitudes towards particular topics (such as 中国的独生子女) and their background and experiences
  • sharing ideas on sources of information and explaining ways to utilise these sources, with examples or data to support their opinions
  • preparing visual displays of data or information gathered from personal research to share with Chinese-speaking peers on features of lifestyle or experiences of Australian young people, for example, educational opportunities, outdoor and sporting activities across the seasons, or a typical weekend for an Aussie teenager

  VCZHC068 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCZHC184

  Create and adapt bilingual texts for different settings and audiences, identifying the contextual and cultural challenges

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with different options, rephrasing until the most suitable meaning is conveyed, for example, translating 同学 as ‘classmate’ then changing it to ‘student’ or ‘peer’ as appropriate in the context （这是我的同学。 and 同学们好）
  • analysing information presented in context and being aware that what is not said also matters （言外之意), for example, 该来的人来了, implying that those who turned up earlier are 不该来的人
  • developing a deep understanding of the subtle meanings and uses of new words/phrases encountered, by comparing the ways in which words, grammar and idioms are explained in different reference sources, for example, how a 成语 is explained in English, compared to in a Chinese dictionary 成语字典 and on a 成语故事 website

  VCZHC184 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating