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• VCEALL019

  Construct simple subject–verb–object sentences that mostly use present tense

  Elaborations

  • constructing basic sentences using subject–verb–object word order, but with non-standard word forms, for example ‘We buy house’
  • constructing short, simple statements showing subject–verb relations with varying accuracy, such as ‘He sick’, ‘Students go’

  VCEALL019 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALA012

  Distinguish English from other languages

  Elaborations

  • recognising the sounds and words of English when being spoken to
  • assessing which language(s) the speaker knows, and responding using shared repertoire

  VCEALA012 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALC002

  Respond simply to questions and prompts

  Elaborations

  • recognising familiar question stem words such as ‘Who’, ‘Where’, ‘Do’
  • understanding common or personal questions, for example ‘How old are you?’, ‘What sports do you like?’
  • giving simple responses, such as nodding, ‘yes’, ‘no’, short learnt phrases
  • responding to questions with a single word or phrase but making longer utterances by substituting words in known sentence patterns
  • expanding on basic personal information when prompted, supported and given adequate time, such as ‘My name is ...’, ‘I come from …’
  • borrowing and adapting key words from questions, for example by reordering, as in Teacher: ‘Are you finished, Ali?’ Student: ‘Ali finished’

  VCEALC002 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALL018

  Communicate using short, learnt phrases

  Elaborations

  • using single-word or phrasal responses to questions, such as ‘Yes’, ‘No’, ‘I don’t know’
  • using learnt phrases in play, such as ‘Give me’, ‘Stop it’, ‘I don’t like’
  • creating original utterances by substituting new words in learnt patterns or formulas, such as ‘It’s home time’, ‘It’s go time’
  • using simplified speech patterns, where function words may be omitted or used incorrectly, for example ‘Me go to shopping and buyed many thing’

  VCEALL018 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL074

  Use some common noun–verb and adjective–noun combinations

  Elaborations

  • writing simple adjectives and verbs as single words or part of short phrases, for example ‘tall tree’, ‘He runs’
  • using simple adjectives to express personal opinions or responses, such as ‘nice’, ‘little bit’

  VCEALL074 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL029

  Recognise ways intonation is used to enhance meaning or distinguish statements from questions

  Elaborations

  • recognising emotions expressed through intonation, such as happiness, anger
  • distinguishing between questions, instructions and statements based on clear intonation and contextual information such as the actions of peers
  • using rising intonation for questions and stressing key words for emphasis

  VCEALL029 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALA011

  Use simple strategies to respond to conversation breakdown

  Elaborations

  • attempting to repeat, re-pronounce or self-correct key words when prompted by the listener
  • using simple formulaic expressions to ask for clarification, for example ‘Please say again’, ‘What is that?’
  • listening to and using speaker’s key words when asking for clarification, for example ‘What “sibling”?’
  • using appropriate social conventions such as ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ when making requests

  VCEALA011 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALL020

  Use a small range of grammatical patterns

  Elaborations

  • expressing simple statements, questions and commands using common words in order, supported by intonation, for example ‘She go’, ‘My book?’, ‘Give me’
  • generalising some grammatical patterns to new contexts, though with some inaccuracies, such as ‘to the farm’, ‘to the Australia’
  • using patterns to create new forms of words, though with some overgeneralisation, such as ‘played’, ‘eated’, ‘goed’

  VCEALL020 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL073

  Write sentences or phrases that reflect own oral structures

  Elaborations

  • writing simple strings of words that approximate sentences, such as ‘Go to school’, ‘Go home’, ‘Come from’
  • using the most common coordinating conjunctions (‘and’, ‘but’) to connect clauses, sometimes writing run-on sentences, such as ‘At school teacher teach us and we work and we play’
  • writing with some errors in word order, such as ‘I saw a car blue’

  VCEALL073 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALA009

  Use non-verbal language to sustain interaction with others

  Elaborations

  • demonstrating attention through non-verbal behaviours such as body orientation, eye contact, nodding, smiling, laughing, gesturing
  • interacting appropriately by copying the actions of peers
  • recognising that some particular words, gestures and intonations may be appropriate or inappropriate in certain contexts

  VCEALA009 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALL015

  Recognise familiar spoken texts

  Elaborations

  • recognising common functions of speech, such as questions, statements, commands
  • recognising a small number of familiar texts used frequently in class, such as songs, rhymes, stories
  • listening to and reproducing the sequence of ideas in a short spoken story or recount
  • recognising familiar words in spoken texts

  VCEALL015 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL027

  Imitate pronunciation, stress and intonation patterns

  Elaborations

  • imitating and rehearsing pronunciation, stress and intonation patterns used by the teacher and peers, such as in stories, songs, rhymes
  • developing accurate pronunciation, stress and intonation for a small range of familiar and commonly used words and phrases, including personal language, classroom language, social formulas

  VCEALL027 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALC004

  Question to check meaning so as to clarify or confirm

  Elaborations

  • checking understanding of simple, familiar instructions and routines, for example Teacher: ‘It’s playtime.’ Student: ‘Go outside?’
  • using learnt social formulas, such as ‘please’ and ‘thank you’, when asking questions
  • using simple formulaic expressions to make requests or ask questions, for example ‘Please say again’, ‘What is that?’
  • listening to and using speaker’s key words when asking for clarification, for example Teacher: ‘Paste it in your book.’ Student: ‘Language book?’
  • supplementing spoken requests with gesture and mime

  VCEALC004 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC007

  Participate in simple and familiar songs, rhymes and chants

  Elaborations

  • reciting familiar rhymes, songs with actions or lists of words such as days of the week or colours of the rainbow
  • rehearsing formulas or short exchanges based on models, such as ‘Hello, what is your name?’, ‘My name is … What is your name?’, ‘Pleased to meet you’
  • role-playing popular stories or songs, for example ‘Little pig, little pig, let me in’

  VCEALC007 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALL021

  Understand the tense of statements or instructions by using time references

  Elaborations

  • understanding common time references in basic sentences, such as ‘We went yesterday’, ‘Tomorrow we will go’, ‘Now we can eat lunch’
  • matching simple verb tense to time words, such as ‘Yesterday we did …’, ‘Tomorrow we do …’
  • sometimes using inconsistent tense when describing events in the past, present and future, for example ‘We waited and then catch the train’

  VCEALL021 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features