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• VCHIU012

  Recognise the relationship between the sounds and patterns of pronunciation and elements of the Devanagari script, including the representation of long and short vowels, consonants and conjuncts

  Elaborations

  • recognising and reproducing the sounds and letters of spoken and written Hindi
  • building phonic awareness by recognising and experimenting with sounds and focusing on those that are new and initially difficult, such as त, थ, ग, घ, ट, द, ध।
  • learning how the Hindi sound system is conventionally represented in the Devanagari system by the use of 13 letters classified as vowels (अ-अः) and 33 consonants (क-ह and ड़-ढ़)
  • developing pronunciation skills by singing, reciting, reproducing and mimicking alphabetic elements in context
  • understanding how vowels are pronounced without any obstruction of air coming out of the mouth and consonants are pronounced with obstruction of air by different parts of the mouth
  • recognising that a line on the top of written letters joins them to make words and establishes spaces between words बस, घर। अब घर चल।
  • practising the writing of Devangari letters ‘hanging’ from a line, noticing the difference between this and English, where letters are written above the line क ख ग - a, b, c
  • recognising the matra form of vowels, such as ि, ी, and distinguishing long and short vowel sounds, such as ि, ी
  • identifying and practising pronunciation of vowel sounds with consonants, for example, कइ/कि, कई/की
  • understanding the formation of conjunct consonants such as क्ष, त्र, ज्ञ

  VCHIU012 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCITU015

  Understand that language is organised as texts

  Elaborations

  • joining words or phrases using conjunctions, for example, e
  • recognising features of text types such as stories and letters

  VCITU015 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• Hindi - F–10 Sequence: Foundation to Level 2 description

  Students' familiarity with the spoken form of Hindi supports their introduction to the written form of the language. They make connections between speech and writing, and are introduced to the Devanagari script, recognising and reproducing written forms of the 13 sounds classified as vowels and...

  Level description | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence

• VCRAU013

  Recognise questions, commands and simple sentences, and develop vocabulary for people, places and things in their personal world

  Elaborations

  • identifying people using pronouns
  • describing possession in familiar phrases
  • greeting and farewelling others
  • specifying location
  • describing actions using simple verbs
  • understanding different question words and the anticipated answer
  • using imperatives to tell others to do something
  • referring to numbers of things using cardinal numbers
  • describing the colour, size, shape and character of a person, place or thing
  • joining words or phrases using conjunctions
  • using negation

  VCRAU013 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU013

  Understand elements of grammar such as those related to questions, commands and short sentences and develop vocabulary to describe self, friends and family

  Elaborations

  • recognising the order of words in phrases and sentences
  • using adverbs to indicate where, for example, inside, outside, here, there, under
  • using simple adverbs to enhance sentences
  • using verbs in the first person to describe aspects of self, for example, I am six, I have a cat
  • recognising terms for common everyday nouns, for example, the door, the chair, the house,
  • responding to and issuing commands, for example, come here please, sit down
  • responding to questions such as ‘how old are you?’ and ‘how are you?’
  • developing number knowledge for numbers up to 29 and using them in sentences
  • beginning to use conjunctions such as ‘and’

  VCNRU013 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• Hindi - F–10 Sequence: Foundation to Level 2 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 2, students interact with the teacher and peers to exchange greetings and talk about themselves and their families, for example, नमस्ते, आप कैसे हैं?, मेरा नाम गीता है, आप का क्या नाम है? मेरे घर में चार लोग हैं। मेरा एक भाई है। मेरी एक बहन है। ये मेरे पिताजी हैं। ये बहुत अच्छे...

  Level description | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2

• VCELU115

  Understand elements of grammar such as word order, verb forms and personal pronouns related to questions, commands and short sentences, and develop vocabulary to describe self, friends and family

  Elaborations

  • recognising the order of words in phrases and sentences, for example, η μαμά μου, Δεν κάνει κρύο, Nα η θεία μου
  • observing that the accent mark indicates emphasis, for example, το βιβλίο, η γάτα, ο σκύλος
  • recognising that all nouns, in particular names in Greek, have an article and gender, for example, η Άννα, το σκυλί, ο μπαμπάς
  • understanding that adjectives have gender, for example, κόκκινος, κόκκινη, κόκκινο, μεγάλος, μεγάλη, μεγάλο, καλός, καλή, καλό
  • using adverbs to show where, for example, έξω, μέσα, εδώ, εκεί, πάνω, κάτω, γύρω
  • using simple adjectives and adverbs to enhance sentences, for example, Κάνει λίγο κρύο, Σ’ αγαπώ πολύ μαμά! Το σπίτι είναι πολύ μεγάλο
  • using verbs in the first person to describe aspects of self, for example, Είμαι αγόρι, είμαι έξι, έχω γάτα
  • recognising terms for common everyday nouns, for example, η πόρτα, η καρέκλα, το σπίτι, ο μπαμπάς
  • responding to and issuing commands, for example, έλα εδώ, κάτσε κάτω
  • responding to questions which include verbs in the second person, singular or plural, such as Πόσω(ν) χρονών είσαι; Τι κάνετε;
  • developing number knowledge for numbers up to 29 and using them in sentences such as Είμαι έξι
  • beginning to use conjunctions such as και

  VCELU115 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCTRU013

  Recognise parts of speech and frequently used words in familiar contexts and understand the basic rules of word order in simple sentences

  Elaborations

  • recognising the basic word order, subject–object–verb, and applying it in simple statements, imperatives and questions, for example, Ali gel. Ali okula gel. Ali okula geldi. Ali okula geldi mi?
  • describing colour (mavi), size (büyük/küçük) and shape (üçgen), and recognising that adjectives come before nouns
  • describing quantity, using cardinal numbers such as bir-yüz and ordinal numbers such as birinci, ikinci
  • using the ending -ler/-lar to express plurality, mainly with countable nouns, such as çocuklar, ördekler
  • recognising question words and anticipating likely answers, for example, Kim? Ne? Nerede? Nereye? Kimle? Ne kadar? Ne zaman? Nasıl? Hangisi?
  • expressing affirmative and negative responses, such as evet, hayır, değil, doğru, yanlış
  • learning how to use simple suffixes and subject and possessive pronouns, for example, ben/benim, sen/senin, o/onun and evim/evimiz, evin/eviniz, evi/evleri
  • building vocabulary related to familiar environments, such as anne, kitap, kedi, and using cognates, such as ev, okul, aile, hayvanlar
  • using prepositions to specify locations, for example, üstünde, altında, yanında, arkasında, önünde, arasında, sağında, solunda
  • describing actions using imperatives and simple verbs, such as otur, kalk, elini kaldır, koş, yürü, gel, git, oku, yaz
  • linking ideas using simple conjunctions, for example, ve, ile, ama

  VCTRU013 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCARU115

  Recognise parts of speech and frequently used words in familiar contexts, and understand the basic rules of word order in simple sentences, such as the role of verbs in a sentence; the masculine and feminine forms of nouns, verbs and adjectives; and simple possessive forms

  Elaborations

  • identifying and using high-frequency words and expressions related to home and school environments in interactions, for example,

    بيت؛ عائلة؛ أب؛ إخوة؛ معلمة؛ مدرسة؛ حصة؛ صف؛ كتاب؛ دراسة؛ فرصة؛ وقت فراغ؛ أيام الأسبوع

  • recognising word order in simple phrases and sentences, for example,

    الجملة الفعلية: نام سليم؛ قام الولد؛ أكل سامي التفاحة؛ شربت سحر الحليب

  • identifying different parts of speech, for example,

    الاسم؛ الفعل؛ الصفة؛ الحرف

  • recognising that nouns have definite and indefinite articles and gender, for example,

    تلميذ/التلميذ؛ معملة العلوم؛ المعلمة

  • using masculine and feminine forms of singular nouns and adjectives, for example,

    الأب الحنون؛ الأم الجميلة ؛ كرسي كبير؛ الطاولة الصغيرة؛ أسد شرس؛ قطة أليفة

  • using simple present tense verbs to describe aspects of own daily activities, for example,

    إستيقظ في الصباح؛ أتناول الفطور؛ أركب الباص؛ أدخل الصف؛ أكمل الواجب؛ ألبس ثيابي

  • using simple verbs to express likes and dislikes, for example,

    أحب طعام أمي؛ لا أحب الأكل السريع؛ أحب الرياضة ولا أحب الرسم

  • understanding and responding to imperative verb forms in familiar instructions, for example,

    إفتح الباب؛ إجلس في مكانك؛ لا تتكلم دون إذن؛ نظّف غرفتك؛ اكمل طعامك

  • using singular possessive adjectives related to self, for example,

    بيتي؛ سريري؛ معلمتي؛ غرفتكَ؛ كتابكِ؛ حقيبتها؛ دفتره

  • understanding that adjectives follow nouns and their gender, for example, كتاب كبير؛ طاولة كبيرة
  • using singular personal pronouns, both masculine and feminine, with appropriate simple present tense verbs to describe aspects of home or school life, for example,

    أمي تحب العمل؛ هي نشيطة؛ أبي يحب الطبخ؛ هو ماهر؛ صديقي سليم شاطر؛ هو ذكي؛ هي تكتب القصص

  • developing knowledge of cardinal numbers
  • beginning to use simple conjunctions to link words and expressions, such as و؛ أو؛ أيضا

  VCARU115 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCIDU013

  Recognise questions, commands and simple subject-focus sentences, and develop vocabulary for people, places and things in their personal world

  Elaborations

  • identifying people using pronouns (ibu, ayah, bapak, adik, kakak), referring to pets (anjing, kucing), and using concrete nouns for objects (buku, tas, pintu)
  • describing possession using word order in familiar phrases, for example, nama saya…, ibu saya…
  • greetings and farewelling others, for example, Selamat pagi/siang/sore/ malam, sampai jumpa
  • specifying location using prepositions, for example, di atas, di bawah, di dalam, di belakang
  • describing actions using simple verbs, for example, makan, duduk, minum, suka, tidur
  • interacting using auxiliary verbs, for example, ada, mau, tahu, boleh, bisa
  • understanding different question words and the anticipated answer, for example, siapa? (people), apa? (objects, actions), di mana? (location), berapa? (quantity)
  • using imperatives to tell others to do something, for example, Duduklah, Lipat tangan, Tepuk tangan
  • referring to numbers of things using cardinal numbers (nol-sepuluh puluh, belas)
  • describing the colour, size, shape and character of a person, place or thing using noun–adjective phrases, for example, buku merah, anjing besar, kucing kecil, bapak tinggi, saya pendek, adik lucu
  • joining words or phrases using conjunctions, for example, dan, tetapi
  • referring to things using demonstratives ini and itu, for example, Ini buku merah
  • negating verbs and adjectives using tidak
  • expressing modality, for example, mau, ingin, boleh, bisa

  VCIDU013 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language