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• VCELA156

  Understand that punctuation is a feature of written text different from letters and recognise how capital letters are used for names, and that capital letters and full stops signal the beginning and end of sentences

  Elaborations

  • pointing to the letters and the punctuation in a text
  • commenting on punctuation encountered in the everyday texts, for example ‘That’s the letter that starts my name’, ‘The name of my family and my town has a capital letter’

  VCELA156 | Curriculum content | English | Foundation Level | Writing | Language

• VCELA143

  Recognise that sentences are key units for expressing ideas

  Elaborations

  • learning that word order in sentences is important for meaning (for example 'The boy sat on the dog', 'The dog sat on the boy')
  • creating students' own written texts and reading aloud to the teacher and others

  VCELA143 | Curriculum content | English | Foundation Level | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCZHU012

  Understand that Chinese sentences have a particular word order

  Elaborations

  • replacing words in modelled sentences to express a personal meaning, for example, replacing 弟弟 in 我有弟弟 with 妹妹 to say 我有妹妹
  • stating the subject of a sentence, for example, 我爱妈妈 is about ‘I’, and 妈妈爱我 is about ‘Mum’
  • recognising that simple statements in Chinese tend to follow English word order, but that questions do not, for example, ‘Do you have a cat?’ versus 你有猫吗？
  • recognising that sometimes the verb ‘to be’ is left out in Chinese sentences, for example, 我五岁 rather than 我是五岁

  VCZHU012 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU124

  Recognise parts of speech and understand basic rules of word order in simple sentences

  Elaborations

  • learning about meta-terms for word types, for example, exploring what is considered a verb in English and in Chinese (for example, adjectival verbs in Chinese)
  • categorising words into word types common across languages, for example, 家人 as noun, 四 as number
  • understanding that as for English there are basic rules of word order in Chinese (subject-verb-object)

  VCZHU124 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCARU115

  Recognise parts of speech and frequently used words in familiar contexts, and understand the basic rules of word order in simple sentences, such as the role of verbs in a sentence; the masculine and feminine forms of nouns, verbs and adjectives; and simple possessive forms

  Elaborations

  • identifying and using high-frequency words and expressions related to home and school environments in interactions, for example,

    بيت؛ عائلة؛ أب؛ إخوة؛ معلمة؛ مدرسة؛ حصة؛ صف؛ كتاب؛ دراسة؛ فرصة؛ وقت فراغ؛ أيام الأسبوع

  • recognising word order in simple phrases and sentences, for example,

    الجملة الفعلية: نام سليم؛ قام الولد؛ أكل سامي التفاحة؛ شربت سحر الحليب

  • identifying different parts of speech, for example,

    الاسم؛ الفعل؛ الصفة؛ الحرف

  • recognising that nouns have definite and indefinite articles and gender, for example,

    تلميذ/التلميذ؛ معملة العلوم؛ المعلمة

  • using masculine and feminine forms of singular nouns and adjectives, for example,

    الأب الحنون؛ الأم الجميلة ؛ كرسي كبير؛ الطاولة الصغيرة؛ أسد شرس؛ قطة أليفة

  • using simple present tense verbs to describe aspects of own daily activities, for example,

    إستيقظ في الصباح؛ أتناول الفطور؛ أركب الباص؛ أدخل الصف؛ أكمل الواجب؛ ألبس ثيابي

  • using simple verbs to express likes and dislikes, for example,

    أحب طعام أمي؛ لا أحب الأكل السريع؛ أحب الرياضة ولا أحب الرسم

  • understanding and responding to imperative verb forms in familiar instructions, for example,

    إفتح الباب؛ إجلس في مكانك؛ لا تتكلم دون إذن؛ نظّف غرفتك؛ اكمل طعامك

  • using singular possessive adjectives related to self, for example,

    بيتي؛ سريري؛ معلمتي؛ غرفتكَ؛ كتابكِ؛ حقيبتها؛ دفتره

  • understanding that adjectives follow nouns and their gender, for example, كتاب كبير؛ طاولة كبيرة
  • using singular personal pronouns, both masculine and feminine, with appropriate simple present tense verbs to describe aspects of home or school life, for example,

    أمي تحب العمل؛ هي نشيطة؛ أبي يحب الطبخ؛ هو ماهر؛ صديقي سليم شاطر؛ هو ذكي؛ هي تكتب القصص

  • developing knowledge of cardinal numbers
  • beginning to use simple conjunctions to link words and expressions, such as و؛ أو؛ أيضا

  VCARU115 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCKOU127

  Recognise some basic features of the Korean grammatical system, such as the verb- final rule, the sentence-final –요, and notice chunks in which a noun or pronoun is combined with a case marker as part of a sentence

  Elaborations

  • recognising –요 at the end of a sentence through its repetitive use in sentences such as 따라하세요 and 안녕하세요?
  • noticing that the Korean copula alternates between two forms (–이에요 and –예요) and using it with own names, for example, 마이클이에요/매튜예요
  • understanding that 저 is used to refer to the self
  • identifying a structure where a noun ora pronoun is followed by a basic case marker such as –은/는, –이/가 and –을/를 (for example, 저는) as a chunk which has a syntactic function in a sentence
  • understanding how to make a simple question using a basic question word, for example, 뭐 좋아해요?

  VCKOU127 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCIDU013

  Recognise questions, commands and simple subject-focus sentences, and develop vocabulary for people, places and things in their personal world

  Elaborations

  • identifying people using pronouns (ibu, ayah, bapak, adik, kakak), referring to pets (anjing, kucing), and using concrete nouns for objects (buku, tas, pintu)
  • describing possession using word order in familiar phrases, for example, nama saya…, ibu saya…
  • greetings and farewelling others, for example, Selamat pagi/siang/sore/ malam, sampai jumpa
  • specifying location using prepositions, for example, di atas, di bawah, di dalam, di belakang
  • describing actions using simple verbs, for example, makan, duduk, minum, suka, tidur
  • interacting using auxiliary verbs, for example, ada, mau, tahu, boleh, bisa
  • understanding different question words and the anticipated answer, for example, siapa? (people), apa? (objects, actions), di mana? (location), berapa? (quantity)
  • using imperatives to tell others to do something, for example, Duduklah, Lipat tangan, Tepuk tangan
  • referring to numbers of things using cardinal numbers (nol-sepuluh puluh, belas)
  • describing the colour, size, shape and character of a person, place or thing using noun–adjective phrases, for example, buku merah, anjing besar, kucing kecil, bapak tinggi, saya pendek, adik lucu
  • joining words or phrases using conjunctions, for example, dan, tetapi
  • referring to things using demonstratives ini and itu, for example, Ini buku merah
  • negating verbs and adjectives using tidak
  • expressing modality, for example, mau, ingin, boleh, bisa

  VCIDU013 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCITU014

  Notice and use some aspects of the Italian language system, including gender forms, simple sentence structures and the placement of adjectives

  Elaborations

  • noticing definite and indefinite articles with nouns, for example, la casa, una casa; il giardino, un giardino
  • noticing that Italian words end mostly with vowels to mark gender and number; observing that some words which do not end with a vowel are the same in English, for example, computer, robot, yogurt, sport
  • noticing that adjectives are used to describe people, objects or places and are usually placed after the noun, for example, la penna rossa
  • observing gender in patterns of naming, for example, Paolo/Paola, Alessandro/Alessandra
  • exploring how to use singular and plural forms
  • understanding different words for asking questions, for example, Chi? Quando? Quanti?
  • identifying people using pronouns, for example, io, tu, lui, lei
  • noticing that the verbs essere and avere are used when giving personal information about state or identity, for example, Ho due fratelli, sono basso, Ho 6 anni, Ho gli occhi verdi, sono alto
  • learning simple verbs to describe actions and using them in formulaic expressions, for example, Mi piace cantare/giocare; Ti piace questo giocattolo?
  • understanding and responding to imperatives, for example, Vieni qui!
  • learning the structure of simple statements and questions based on models, for example, lo sono Anna. Non sto bene. È un gatto? Sìcomptue è un gatto
  • expressing negation, for example, Non mi piace, Non ho un cane.

  VCITU014 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCJAU122

  Understand the structure of basic sentences in Japanese and recognise some key elements of Japanese grammar

  Elaborations

  • knowing common forms of greetings, for example, おはようございます、おはよう, and noticing the different levels of formality
  • identifying gender-specific pronouns わたし and ぼく
  • understanding the use of common suffixes such as さん or くん or titles such as せんせい to address and refer to other people, for example, Luke くん and White せんせい
  • understanding basic word order in simple sentences, for example, noun　が　すき です。りんご　が　すき　です。, adjective + noun　です。 おおきい　いぬ　です。
  • understanding how to specify items using the possessive particle の, for example, わたし　 の　 かぞく、 Sarah さん　の　ほん、おばあさん　 の　いえ
  • referring to numbers of things using cardinal numbers 0–100: 一(いち)、二(に)、三(さん) …百(ひゃく)
  • learning to describe the colour あお　です。size おおきい　です。 and shape まる　です。of things
  • understanding different question words such as だれ、なに、どこ and the sentence-ending particle か
  • recognising and responding to a request using verb 　ください, for example, きいて　ください。and すわって　ください。
  • indicating affirmative and negative responses using はい and いいえ
  • using some culturally specific parallel phrases related to giving and receiving, for example, どうぞ and ありがとう
  • learning to use common onomatopoeia such as ぺこぺこ and わんわん
  • building vocabulary to describe and label familiar and immediate objects and environments

  VCJAU122 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU013

  Understand elements of grammar such as those related to questions, commands and short sentences and develop vocabulary to describe self, friends and family

  Elaborations

  • recognising the order of words in phrases and sentences
  • using adverbs to indicate where, for example, inside, outside, here, there, under
  • using simple adverbs to enhance sentences
  • using verbs in the first person to describe aspects of self, for example, I am six, I have a cat
  • recognising terms for common everyday nouns, for example, the door, the chair, the house,
  • responding to and issuing commands, for example, come here please, sit down
  • responding to questions such as ‘how old are you?’ and ‘how are you?’
  • developing number knowledge for numbers up to 29 and using them in sentences
  • beginning to use conjunctions such as ‘and’

  VCNRU013 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCRAU013

  Recognise questions, commands and simple sentences, and develop vocabulary for people, places and things in their personal world

  Elaborations

  • identifying people using pronouns
  • describing possession in familiar phrases
  • greeting and farewelling others
  • specifying location
  • describing actions using simple verbs
  • understanding different question words and the anticipated answer
  • using imperatives to tell others to do something
  • referring to numbers of things using cardinal numbers
  • describing the colour, size, shape and character of a person, place or thing
  • joining words or phrases using conjunctions
  • using negation

  VCRAU013 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCTRU013

  Recognise parts of speech and frequently used words in familiar contexts and understand the basic rules of word order in simple sentences

  Elaborations

  • recognising the basic word order, subject–object–verb, and applying it in simple statements, imperatives and questions, for example, Ali gel. Ali okula gel. Ali okula geldi. Ali okula geldi mi?
  • describing colour (mavi), size (büyük/küçük) and shape (üçgen), and recognising that adjectives come before nouns
  • describing quantity, using cardinal numbers such as bir-yüz and ordinal numbers such as birinci, ikinci
  • using the ending -ler/-lar to express plurality, mainly with countable nouns, such as çocuklar, ördekler
  • recognising question words and anticipating likely answers, for example, Kim? Ne? Nerede? Nereye? Kimle? Ne kadar? Ne zaman? Nasıl? Hangisi?
  • expressing affirmative and negative responses, such as evet, hayır, değil, doğru, yanlış
  • learning how to use simple suffixes and subject and possessive pronouns, for example, ben/benim, sen/senin, o/onun and evim/evimiz, evin/eviniz, evi/evleri
  • building vocabulary related to familiar environments, such as anne, kitap, kedi, and using cognates, such as ev, okul, aile, hayvanlar
  • using prepositions to specify locations, for example, üstünde, altında, yanında, arkasında, önünde, arasında, sağında, solunda
  • describing actions using imperatives and simple verbs, such as otur, kalk, elini kaldır, koş, yürü, gel, git, oku, yaz
  • linking ideas using simple conjunctions, for example, ve, ile, ama

  VCTRU013 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCVIC110

  Share information about self, family, school and friends, using modelled sentence structures and illustrations to support meaning

  Elaborations

  • labelling or naming classroom items and resources or personal possessions
  • describing self and the immediate environment, such as by writing or reading aloud captions to own photos, using simple sentences, familiar vocabulary and visual, concreate and digital supports, for example, Đây là tôi. Tôi là con trai. Đây là gia đình tôi. Đây là bạn thân của tôi
  • annotating pictures or photos using digital technologies and modelled language to describe people and objects, for example, Cái nhà cũ. Cái áo mới
  • conveying aspects of their knowledge of their Vietnamese heritage, for example, by sharing a family story, photo or object from Vietnam

  VCVIC110 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Informing

• VCASFU015

  Understand that texts are made up of units of meaning, such as words, gestures or sentences/clauses and that different types of texts have particular features that help serve their purpose

  Elaborations

  • recognising that texts are made up of one or more clauses which together make meaning
  • recognising that different signed texts serve different purposes, and discussing and comparing these purposes (for example, the text genre procedure is to explain how, a narrative is to narrate, tell or entertain)
  • identifying characteristic structures and features of particular types of Auslan texts and noticing how they suit the intended purpose, for example, the expression of emotions in a recount compared to presenting facts in an information report
  • identifying different signs used by a signer to refer to the same person in a text, considering how this helps to maintain interest and understanding

  VCASFU015 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCASFU141

  Understand that texts are made up of units of meaning such as groups of words or sentences and that different types of texts have different features that help serve their purpose

  Elaborations

  • recognising that texts are created to achieve different purposes, for example some texts tell stories or entertain while others give information
  • noticing differences in facial expressions of a signer when presenting different types of text, for example a procedure versus a narrative

  VCASFU141 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELU115

  Understand elements of grammar such as word order, verb forms and personal pronouns related to questions, commands and short sentences, and develop vocabulary to describe self, friends and family

  Elaborations

  • recognising the order of words in phrases and sentences, for example, η μαμά μου, Δεν κάνει κρύο, Nα η θεία μου
  • observing that the accent mark indicates emphasis, for example, το βιβλίο, η γάτα, ο σκύλος
  • recognising that all nouns, in particular names in Greek, have an article and gender, for example, η Άννα, το σκυλί, ο μπαμπάς
  • understanding that adjectives have gender, for example, κόκκινος, κόκκινη, κόκκινο, μεγάλος, μεγάλη, μεγάλο, καλός, καλή, καλό
  • using adverbs to show where, for example, έξω, μέσα, εδώ, εκεί, πάνω, κάτω, γύρω
  • using simple adjectives and adverbs to enhance sentences, for example, Κάνει λίγο κρύο, Σ’ αγαπώ πολύ μαμά! Το σπίτι είναι πολύ μεγάλο
  • using verbs in the first person to describe aspects of self, for example, Είμαι αγόρι, είμαι έξι, έχω γάτα
  • recognising terms for common everyday nouns, for example, η πόρτα, η καρέκλα, το σπίτι, ο μπαμπάς
  • responding to and issuing commands, for example, έλα εδώ, κάτσε κάτω
  • responding to questions which include verbs in the second person, singular or plural, such as Πόσω(ν) χρονών είσαι; Τι κάνετε;
  • developing number knowledge for numbers up to 29 and using them in sentences such as Είμαι έξι
  • beginning to use conjunctions such as και

  VCELU115 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCVIU118

  Understand some first elements of Vietnamese grammar, such as personal pronouns, frequently used nouns, adjectives, verbs and prepositions, and basic rules of word order in simple sentences

  Elaborations

  • noticing that there are multiple forms of personal pronouns in Vietnamese compared to English, for example, con, cháu, em, tôi, mình, anh, chị versus ‘I’ and ‘you’
  • using common adjectives such as to, nhỏ, cũ, mới, ngắn and dài to describe people, animals and objects, noticing that nouns come before adjectives, for example, áo xanh
  • using common verb forms, for example, ăn, uống, chơi, ngủ, đọc, nghe, viết, hỏi, trả lời, nói, thích
  • recognising common prepositions relating to location, for example, trong, ngoài, trên, dưới, ở giữa
  • using vocabulary relating to time, such as days of the week (thứ Hai, thứ Ba, thứ Tư), months of the year (tháng Giêng/tháng Một, tháng Hai, tháng Tư, tháng Chạp/Mười hai) and ‘o’clock time’ (một giờ, hai giờ)
  • developing vocabulary knowledge relating to the school context, for example, cái bảng, lớp học, giờ ra chơi, ăn trưa, sân chơi, cổng trường, thư viện
  • recognising basic structures of closed and open-ended questions, for example, Em thích nghe truyện cổ tích không? Tại sao em thích truyện ‘Cô bé quàng khăn đỏ’?
  • using some question words in familiar contexts, for example, ai, cái gì, ở đâu, bao nhiêu
  • recognising word order in simple sentences, noticing that the subject is placed before the predicate, for example, Em + đi học

  VCVIU118 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCESU120

  Recognise and reproduce the sounds and rhythms of simple spoken Spanish, noticing how they are produced and how they are represented in writing

  Elaborations

  • becoming familiar with the Spanish alphabet, noticing that there is an additional letter as compared to English, ñ
  • imitating Spanish sounds such as j in viaje, ñ in niño, b and v (vaca y boca), ll in calle, and rr in carro
  • noticing that statements and questions have different intonations, for example, Fernando no está. ¿Fernando no está?
  • developing pronunciation, phrasing and intonation skills by singing, reciting and repeating words and phrases in context
  • experimenting with sounds in onomatopoeic words such as those related to animal sounds`, for example, pío, (pájaro), quiquiriquí (gallo), miau (gato), guau (perro)
  • noticing differences in punctuation between Spanish and English, such as inverted exclamation and question marks at the beginning of sentences

  VCESU120 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCHIU013

  Understand elements of Hindi grammar, such as the subject-object-verb sentence structure, question, answer and statement forms, agreement for gender and number, the use of pronouns and postpositions and of verbs in relation to actions and commands

  Elaborations

  • identifying people by using pronouns, such as तुम, तू, आप, मैं, मेरा, तुम्हारा।
  • understanding and responding to imperative verb forms, such as बैठ जाओ, यहाँ आओ, मेरी बात सुनो।
  • exploring how to use singular and plural forms, such as मैं, हम, मेरा, तुम्हारा
  • referring to objects using cardinal numbers, for example, एक, दो, पाँच, सात
  • noticing that adjectives are used to describe people, objects or places and are usually placed before the noun, for example, सुंदर लड़की, छोटा बच्चा, रंग-बिरंगी तितली
  • understanding the role of different words for asking questions, such as कहाँ? कौन? कब? क्या?
  • expressing negation, for example, नहीं, मत, ना
  • learning the structure of simple statements and questions, based on models such as तुम मेरे साथ चलो। तुम कैसे हो?
  • understanding that verb forms change according to gender and number, for example, लड़का गाता है। लड़की गाती है। लड़के गाते हैं।
  • describing actions using simple verbs, such as गाना, खाना, खेलना, दौड़ना
  • understanding the use of commands and post positions as in मुझको दीजिए। राम से लीजिए। वहाँ पर रखो।

  VCHIU013 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• English: Foundation Level description

  In the Foundation level, students communicate with peers, teachers, known adults, and students from other classes.

  Students engage with a variety of texts for enjoyment. They listen to, read and view spoken, written and multimodal texts in which the primary purpose is to entertain, as well as some...

  Level description | English