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• VCARU114

  Recognise the letters and sounds of the Arabic alphabet and identify how letters are modified so they can be joined to form words

  Elaborations

  • recognising and reproducing the 28 letters of the alphabet and the three short and long vowels
  • recognising that Arabic words are written from right to left, numbers from left to right
  • recognising and producing distinctive Arabic sounds such as guttural sounds ع؛غ؛ق and other sounds such as

    ص؛ ض؛ ط؛ ظ؛ ح؛ خ

  • recognising that making Arabic words requires most letters to be joined, for example

    طار؛ طير؛ ذهب؛ أكل؛ شرب؛ ولد؛ أب؛ ام

  • developing pronunciation, phrasing and intonation skills by singing, reciting and repeating frequently used words and phrases, noticing that statements and questions have different intonation, for example,

    أكلت الطعام كله؟

  VCARU114 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELA147

  Blend sounds associated with letters when reading consonant-vowel-consonant words

  Elaborations

  • blending together common sounds for consonants and vowels to read short words with consonant-vowel-consonant patterns, for example, c-a-t, p-e-g

  VCELA147 | Curriculum content | English | Foundation Level | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA158

  Know how to use onset and rime to spell words where sounds map more directly onto letters

  Elaborations

  • breaking words into onset and rime, for example c/at
  • building word families using onset and rime, for example h/ot, g/ot, n/ot, sh/ot, sp/ot

  VCELA158 | Curriculum content | English | Foundation Level | Writing | Language

• VCNRU012

  Recognise and reproduce the sounds and letters of the alphabet of the language being studied, identifying how they are represented in words

  Elaborations

  • building phonic awareness by pronouncing and writing the target-language alphabet letters with familiar sounds, and building to more unfamiliar sounds
  • experimenting with sounds, rhythms, intonation and stress
  • noticing the number of letters in the alphabet of the language being studied
  • locating and highlighting specific alphabet letters from the language being studied
  • developing pronunciation and intonation skills by singing, reciting and repeating alphabet names in context, for example, songs
  • focusing on those letters that are different from letters in the English alphabet

  VCNRU012 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• English: Foundation Level achievement standards - Writing

  When writing, students use familiar words and phrases and images to convey ideas. Their writing shows evidence of letter and sound knowledge, beginning writing behaviours and experimentation with capital letters and full stops. They correctly form all upper- and lower-case letters.

  Level description | English | Foundation Level | Writing

• VCRAU012

  Reproduce the sound and spelling of the letters and recognise that the language is written using the Roman alphabet

  Elaborations

  • imitating pronunciation
  • noticing that statements, commands and questions have different intonations
  • experimenting with sounds and emphasis such as onomatopoeic words related to animal or human sounds

  VCRAU012 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELY162

  Understand that sounds in English are represented by upper- and lower-case letters that can be written using learned letter formation patterns for each case

  Elaborations

  • adopting correct posture and pencil grip
  • learning to produce simple handwriting movements
  • following clear demonstrations of how to construct each letter (for example where to start; which direction to write)
  • learning to construct lower-case letters and to combine these into words
  • learning to construct some upper-case letters

  VCELY162 | Curriculum content | English | Foundation Level | Writing | Literacy

• VCELU114

  Recognise and reproduce the sounds and letters of the Greek alphabet, identifying how they are represented in words, and read vowel–consonant combinations, including the most common digraphs/diphthongs such as oυ and μπ

  Elaborations

  • building phonic awareness by pronouncing and writing alphabet letters with familiar sounds, for example, Οο, Ιι, Εε, Αα, Κκ, Ττ, Λλ, Ππ, Σσς, Μμ, Νν, Ηη, Υυ, Ωω, Ββ, Ζζ, Φφ, and building to more unfamiliar sounds, for example Γγ, Ρρ, Δδ, Θθ, Ξξ, Ψψ, Χχ
  • experimenting with sounds, rhythms, intonation and stress
  • noticing that there are 24 letters in the Greek alphabet with individual names and that there are upper case and lower case letters, seven vowels and 17 consonants, and that ‘ς’ (τελικό σίγμα) only appears on the ends of words
  • locating and highlighting specific alphabet letters and accent marks in names, and categorising names according to their first consonant
  • developing pronunciation and intonation skills by singing, reciting and repeating alphabet names in context, for example, songs
  • focusing on those letters that are different and initially difficult and correctly pronouncing words starting with the sounds Ψψ and Ξξ (ψάρι, ξύλο), recognising that these two sounds only appear in the middle or at the end of words in English
  • recognising and making simple syllables from vowel–consonant combinations, for example, μα, με, μη, μι, μο, μυ, μω and understanding that syllables can be joined together to make words such as α-λά-τι and μά-τι
  • recognising the most common digraphs, including ου as in μου and μπ as in μπαμπάς

  VCELU114 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELA157

  Understand that spoken sounds and words can be written and know how to write some high-frequency words and other familiar words including their name

  Elaborations

  • recognising the most common sound made by each letter of the alphabet, including consonants and short vowel sounds
  • writing consonant-vowel-consonant words by writing letters to represent the sounds in the spoken words
  • knowing that spoken words are written down by listening to the sounds heard in the word and then writing letters to represent those sounds

  VCELA157 | Curriculum content | English | Foundation Level | Writing | Language

• English: Foundation Level achievement standards - Speaking and Listening

  Students listen to and use appropriate interaction skills to respond to others in a familiar environment. They can identify rhyme, letter patterns and sounds in words. Students understand that their texts can reflect their own experiences. They identify and describe likes and dislikes about familiar...

  Level description | English | Foundation Level | Speaking and Listening

• VCELY163

  Construct texts using software including word processing programs

  Elaborations

  • using simple functions of keyboard and mouse including typing letters, scrolling, selecting icons and drop-down menu

  VCELY163 | Curriculum content | English | Foundation Level | Writing | Literacy

• VCELA168

  Identify rhyming words, alliteration patterns, syllables and some sounds (phonemes) in spoken words

  Elaborations

  • listening to the sounds a student hears in the word, and writing letters to represent those sounds
  • identifying rhyme and syllables in spoken words
  • identifying and manipulating sounds (phonemes) in spoken words
  • identifying onset and rime in one-syllable spoken words

  VCELA168 | Curriculum content | English | Foundation Level | Speaking and Listening | Language

• VCIDU012

  Reproduce the sound and spelling of the vowels and the letters c (ch) and trilled r, and recognise that Indonesian is written using the Roman alphabet

  Elaborations

  • imitating Indonesian pronunciation, for example, vowels, trilled r, c (ch) and the unaspirated sounds p, t and k
  • noticing that statements, commands and questions have different intonations
  • experimenting with sounds and emphasis such as onomatopoeic words related to animal or human sounds, for example, meong or ngeong (meowing), cit-cit (tweeting), gong-gong (barking) and hacciihh (sneezing)

  VCIDU012 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• Indonesian - F–10 Sequence: Foundation to Level 2 description

  Students learn the sounds and written form of Indonesian. They notice similarities and differences between Indonesian and English, such as similar vocabulary and word order and differences in the position of adjectives and possessive pronouns. Students ask questions in English about Indonesia...

  Level description | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence

• Arabic - F–10 Sequence: Foundation to Level 2 description

  Students become familiar with how the sounds of the Arabic language are represented in letters and words. They practise pronunciation and intonation through activities such as reciting rhymes and singing songs, and experiment with sounds, short and long vowels, phonemes, words, simple phrases...

  Level description | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence

• VCVIU117

  Recognise the sounds and tones of spoken Vietnamese, and notice how they are represented in words and symbols

  Elaborations

  • identifying the 29 letters of the Vietnamese alphabet by their names and sounds as well as the five tone markers
  • building phonic awareness by recognising and experimenting with sounds and rhythms, focusing on letters that are similar in the English alphabet but produce different sounds in Vietnamese, for example, e and i, d and đ
  • developing pronunciation, phrasing and intonation skills by singing, reciting and repeating words and phrases
  • noticing that Vietnamese is a tonal language, and that pitch changes affect the meaning of words
  • understanding that although Vietnamese and English use the same alphabet there are additional symbols/markers that create more letters in Vietnamese
  • developing familiarity with similarities and differences in Vietnamese sound–letter correspondence, such as a, ă, â; e, ê; o, ô, ơ; u, ư; as well as c and k, i and y, s and x, and ch and tr
  • noticing that the same word with different tone markers has different meanings, for example, ma, mà, má, mả, mã and mạ
  • exploring Vietnamese spelling strategies such as grouping words according to initial letters that represent particular sounds, for example, h (hoa hồng, hát, học) or m (mẹ, má, mèo)
  • using single and consonant clusters, vowels and vowel clusters with tone markers to form and spell words, for example, ta, la, tha, nga
  • recognising and using lower and upper case letters

  VCVIU117 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELA146

  Recognise all upper- and lower-case letters and the most common sound that each letter represents

  Elaborations

  • recognising and saying the name and most common sound made by each upper and lower case letter of the alphabet, including consonants and short vowel sounds, such as /a/ in cat
  • using familiar and common letters in handwritten and digital communications

  VCELA146 | Curriculum content | English | Foundation Level | Reading and Viewing | Language

• Roman Alphabet Languages - F–10 Sequence: Foundation to Level 2 description

  In these levels there is an emphasis on developing students’ oral language to enable them to participate in class activities. They repeat sounds, particularly of vowels, as modelled by the teacher and aural texts. Students use formulaic language and single-idea phrases. They recognise the...

  Level description | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence

• VCELA156

  Understand that punctuation is a feature of written text different from letters and recognise how capital letters are used for names, and that capital letters and full stops signal the beginning and end of sentences

  Elaborations

  • pointing to the letters and the punctuation in a text
  • commenting on punctuation encountered in the everyday texts, for example ‘That’s the letter that starts my name’, ‘The name of my family and my town has a capital letter’

  VCELA156 | Curriculum content | English | Foundation Level | Writing | Language

• VCJAU120

  Recognise sounds and rhythms of spoken Japanese, and learn how sounds are produced and represented in the three different scripts

  Elaborations

  • recognising the concept of the basic unit of sound in Japanese (‘mora’: モーラ or 拍(はく)), for example, いいえ has three moras
  • understanding that the independent nasal sound ‘n’ (ん) has a mora of its own, for example, こんにちは
  • understanding that when pronouncing Japanese it is important to keep the length of each mora even
  • noticing that statements and questions have different intonation patterns

  VCJAU120 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language