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• VCARU016

  Understand that the Arabic language has changed and continues to change through interaction with other languages and cultures

  Elaborations

  • recognising that Arabic has borrowed many words from English, for example,إنترنت؛ كومبيوتر؛ تلفاز؛ , and English has borrowed words from Arabic, such as ‘admiral’, ‘alcohol’, ‘algebra’, ‘coffee’, ‘genie’, ‘hazard’ and ‘sultan’
  • recognising that Arabic as a language has experienced many changes over time and that classical Arabic is only used in ancient literature and religious texts
  • understanding that Arabic, like all languages, is constantly expanding to include new words and expressions through interaction with other languages and cultures, for example,التواصل الإجتماعي؛ دردشة على الإنترنت؛
  • recognising that the Arabic alphabet has similarities with the Aramaic alphabet system (alpha being the first letter, and beta the second), and that the Arabic ordering system أ؛ ب؛ ج؛ د is based on the Aramaic alphabet
  • recognising that many words in Arabic are borrowed from indigenous languages of the Arabic-speaking world such as Aramaic, for example, أب؛ رأس؛ دم؛ أخ؛ أخت؛ شمس؛ لسان؛ أنا؛ أنت؛ هو؛ نحن؛ كلب؛ بيت؛ سمع؛ كتاب , and that many colloquial words, for example,بوظة؛ دولاب؛ دولمة؛ بسطرمة؛ , are borrowed from regional languages such as Persian and Turkish

  VCARU016 | Languages | Arabic | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCARC157

  Locate, interpret and compare information and ideas from a variety of texts relating to topics of interest such as leisure, entertainment and special occasions

  Elaborations

  • identifying context, purpose and audience in a range of texts in print, online or digital formats, such as articles, reports and documentaries
  • gathering information independently and collaboratively about events or people and comparing how various sources, such as magazines, newspapers and websites, use language to convey meaning
  • listening to, viewing and reading texts to extract elements that reflect different aspects of Arabic culture related to topics such as entertainment and special occasions, for example,

    حفلات المطربين؛ البرامج الترفيهية؛ برامج المسابقات

    الأعياد الدينية المختلفة وطرق الإحتفال بها؛ عيد الأم؛عيد الأب؛ أعياد الميلاد الخاصة؛ مناسبات الخطوبة والزواج

  • using concept maps, charts and tables to organise, analyse and summarise information from texts such as television programs, reports and documentaries, and comparing how ideas are conveyed in different texts

    الأفلام العربية الحديثة؛ البرامج النّقدية الساخرة؛ البرامج الحوارية؛ البرامج الوثائقية

  VCARC157 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCARC158

  Present information to describe, compare and report on ideas and experiences in print, digital and multimodal formats selected to suit audience and purpose

  Elaborations

  • conveying information in texts such as notices and newspaper announcements to inform others about an issue of interest or an upcoming event, for example,

    إعلان هام؛ تحتفل الجالية العربية بعيد الأم في إحتفال كبير في الحديقة العامة يوم السبت القادم؛ الدكتورة ريم ستلقي محاضرة عن الشباب والمستقبل في الجامعة

  • presenting views on topics related to personal experiences in texts such as blogs, emails and speeches, for particular purposes and audiences
  • organising information and presenting it to an Arabic-speaking audience, for example, creating a visual presentation comparing cultural aspects of life at school and at home for young Arabic speakers or a video recording of a cooking demonstration for their classmates
  • reporting on own and others’ experiences, such as holiday trips or a school camp, in a text such as a digital presentation, and comparing own experiences with others’, using expressions such as

    بالنسبة لي، الرحلة كانت ممتعة بينما غالبية تلاميذ الصف شعروا بالملل؛ بالرّغم من الساعات الطويلة التي قضيناها في الطريق؛ إلا أنني لم أشعر بالتعب لكنّ أصدقائي كانوا متعبين جداً

  VCARC158 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCARU033

  Explore and reflect on how the Arabic language influences and is influenced by cultural, political and social change

  Elaborations

  • investigating and explaining the influence of globalisation and new technologies such as the internet on Arabic as a dynamic language, and the power and function of regional dialects in both digital and social media
  • researching and reporting on the influence of Arabic language and culture in the local and broader Australian community, for example, the food industry (Lebanese restaurants and bakeries), the entertainment industry and the media (the Arab Film Festival, SBS Arabic radio and television, Arabic films) and education (Arabic bilingual schools)
  • reflecting on changes in their own use of the Arabic language, identifying new terms and behaviours that they have adopted into their everyday language in response to changes in technology and social media
  • discussing how language changes over time, for example, by viewing classical Arabic and contemporary films and comparing how certain messages and concepts are represented through language
  • examining how English is influencing and modifying Arabic language use in particular settings, for example, language used in the entertainment industry, such as in films and television programs, or language used to express global concepts, such as الليبرالية

  VCARU033 | Languages | Arabic | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCARU150

  Explore the structure and language features of spoken and written Arabic texts, such as news reports and conversations, recognising that language choices and the form of Arabic used depend on purpose, context and audience

  Elaborations

  • identifying the purpose, context and audience of a range of familiar texts, for example, fairy tales, songs, poems, short plays and video clips
  • listening to, reading and viewing different types of texts with a common topic and comparing features, for example, examining a print report, a television report and an internet announcement about an accident and discussing how the different features of each text combine to make similar meaning
  • discussing key features, audience and purpose of different types of texts, for example, a shopping list serves as a reminder to self of items to be purchased, whereas a permission note seeks permission from another person to do or have something
  • making connections between the degree of formality of a situation and the form of Arabic used, such as the use of colloquial Arabic in informal spoken texts and of Modern Standard Arabic in formal spoken situations and in written texts
  • analysing how different types of texts create specific effects by using particular aspects of language, for example, superlative adjectives and imperative verb forms in advertisements designed to persuade customers

  VCARU150 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCARC174

  Locate, analyse, interpret and evaluate information from online and digital sources on issues of interest to young people, making connections with own experiences and considering various perspectives

  Elaborations

  • understanding main ideas and evaluating information from texts such as articles, reports, charts, diagrams and news items, on topics such as environmental sustainability, world sports, and youth culture, for example,

    السخرية من وضع معين؛ التنديد بفعل معين؛ تزكية فكرة ما من خلال العبارات اللغوية والصور والتنسيق العام للتقرير

  • distinguishing between fact and opinion in texts such as articles and reports in print and digital form, using critical literacy skills to recognise bias by evaluating textual purpose used, for example,

    التحيّز لفكر ما؛ المبالغة: إن جميع الشباب متهوّر؛ هذا جيل غير مسؤول

    الحياديّة تجاه الأفكار المؤيدة والمعارضة: هناك بعض الشباب المتهور؛ إن غالبية الشّباب غير مسؤول

  • analysing and interpreting information collected from various sources, including digital or online sources, such as concept maps, charts and tables, by summarising, sequencing and prioritising, considering audience, purpose and context and drawing personal conclusions, for example,

    من الواضح أن...؛ في الخاتمة...؛ هذا يؤدي إلى ...؛ خلاصة الكلام...؛ في النهاية ...

  • using information obtained from a range of sources in order to debate issues of interest, such as the generation gap, teenage issues, immigration or parents’ expectations, using persuasive and evaluative language, making connections with own experiences and considering different perspectives, for example,

    الهوّة بين الأهل والأبناء كبيرة وعميقة دون شك؛ يجب على الأهل مساعدة أبنائهم في مرحلة المراهقة؛ أليس كذلك؟ نحن بحاجة إلى تغيير الفكر؛ علينا أن ننظر إلى المسألة بحكمة؛ يجب علينا جميعاً أن ندعم الشباب في إختياراتهم

  VCARC174 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCARC142

  Share responses to a range of imaginative texts, including multimodal and digital texts, such as cartoons, folk tales, fables and films, by expressing opinions on key ideas, characters and actions, and making connections with own experiences and feelings

  Elaborations

  • listening to and viewing imaginative texts in print, digital and multimodal formats, such as cartoons, folk tales and fables, and sharing opinions or feelings about ideas, events and experiences, using expressions such as

    سندباد رجل شجاع؛ علي بابا حرامي ظريف؛ لا أحب قصة علاء الدين والمصباح السحري؛ القصة مملة وغير معقولة؛ القصة فيها خرافات كثيرة؛ قصة المصباح السحري مثيرة لكنها غير واقعية

  • responding to questions about characters in different types of imaginative texts, such as films or cartoons, by listing words or expressions associated with the character’s personality and explaining how they can or cannot relate to them, for example,

    شخصية الولد في الفيلم مثل شخصيتي؛ هو يحب اللعب وأنا كذلك؛ لقد سافر وهو صغير وأنا أيضاً اتيت إلى أستراليا وأنا صغير؛ البنت في الكارتون تحب الثياب الملونة مثلي ولكنها مشاغبة وأنا هادئة وأسمع كلام أمي

  • comparing favourite characters or events in imaginative texts such as cartoons, stories or digital games, using expressions such as

    اللّاعب الأول أقوى من اللّاعب الثاني؛ هذه اللعبة أصعب من اللعبة الأخرى؛ أفضل شخصية في القصة هي صديقة عبير لأنها أكثر واحدة تحب سناء وتساعدها؛ أحب شخصية عندي هي سمير لأنّه مضحك

  • discussing key messages and cultural elements in imaginative texts, such as the moral of a story/fable, an idea or value in a song, or the qualities or behaviour of a character

  VCARC142 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Creating

• VCARU152

  Explore the origins of Arabic and how it has been influenced by and influences other languages

  Elaborations

  • recognising that the Arabic alphabet has similarities with the Aramaic alphabet system (alpha being the first letter, and beta the second), and that the Arabic ordering system أ؛ب؛ج؛د is based on the Aramaic alphabet
  • understanding that many words in Arabic are borrowed from indigenous languages of the Arabic-speaking world, such as Assyrian, Aramaic and Syriac, Phoenician and Berber, for example, أب؛ رأس؛ دم؛ أخ؛ أخت؛ شمس؛ لسان؛ أنا؛ أنت؛ هو؛ نحن؛ كلب؛ بيت؛ سمع؛ كتاب , and regional languages such as Persian, Turkish and Kurdish, for example, بوظة؛ دولاب؛ دولمة؛ بسطرمة؛
  • exploring the meaning of famous names of people and places and reflecting on their origin and on naming systems, such as

    بابل؛ بحرين؛ سوريا؛ بيت لحم؛ موصل؛ لبنان؛ أور؛ بيروت ؛

  • investigating the influence of Arabic on other languages such as Berber, Kurdish, Amharic, Tigrinya, Persian, Pashto, Urdu, Punjabi, Portuguese, Sindhi, Tagalog, Turkish, Spanish, Hindi, Swahili, Somali, Malay and Indonesian, for example, the Arabic word for ‘book’كتاب is used in most of the languages listed
  • identifying languages that were derived from Arabic, for example, Maltese and Nubi

  VCARU152 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCARU166

  Understand and use grammatical forms and structures, such as adjective–noun agreement, adverbial phrases (time, place and manner), and irregular plural, imperative and auxiliary verbs, to expand on spoken and written ideas

  Elaborations

  • using سوف in addition to the present tense to express future plans, for example,

    سوف أدخل إلى الجامعة بعد الثانوية العامة؛ سوف أشتري سيّارة بعد الإمتحانات

  • understanding and describing current, recurring and future actions, using auxiliary verbs, for example,

    ما زال أبي يعمل في المطار؛ ما زالت أختي تدرس الطّب

  • using the conditional mood as a formulaic expression, for example,

    لو نجحت في الأمتحان هذا العام فسوف يشتري لي أبي لعبة إلكترونية جديدة

  • understanding and using the conjunction (بينما) to compare people or actions, and enhance expression, for example,

    رياضة السّباحة ممتعة ومفيدة خاصة هنا في أستراليا؛ بينما لعبة كرة القدم شعبيّة أكثر

  • referring to a date of an event, such as a birthdate, and noticing that names of months vary in different regions of the Arabic-speaking world, for example,

    الخامس من إبريل 1999؛ العاشر من نيسان۲۰۰۱

  • using ordinal numbers to sequence ideas in oral interactions and written texts, for example,

    أوّلاً؛ ثانياً؛ ثالثاً؛ أخيراً

  • using interrogative words and expressions, such as لمَ؛ هل , to ask questions and make requests, for example,

    لمَ تأخّرت اليوم وأنت عندك إمتحان؟ هل فهمت ما قلت لك؟ رجاءً؛ أحضر البحث غداً لأنك لم تقدمه أمس؛ من فضلك هل تستطيع أن تقول لي كيف أذهب إلى البنك؟

  • expanding their knowledge of noun–adjective agreement through understanding and applying the irregular plural form, for example,

    بيت/بيوت كبيرة؛ كرسي/كراسي جديدة؛ كتاب/كتب قيمة؛ يوم/أيام جميلة؛ تلميذ/تلاميذ مجتهدون؛ معلمون ملتزمون

  • using specific structures relating to expressions of praise, encouragement and persuasion, for example,

    ممتاز! أحسنت! عمل رائع؛ ؛ هيّا واصل عملك أنت شخص ذكيّ؛ أكمل الصورة وقدمها للعرض؛ لا تتكاسل واصل الركض؛ إعرض كتاباتك على الصحيفة المحلية؛ أنت كاتب بارع

  • using expressions such as أكبر من؛ الأكبر to indicate preference and compare, for example,

    هذا الملعب أكبر من الملعب القديم؛ إن مدرستنا فيها أدوات حديثة أكثر من المدارس الأخرى؛ بيتنا هو الأجدّ في المنطقة؛ سيارة أبي أقدم سيارة رأيتها في حياتي

  • expressing opinions and feelings using expressions such as

    أشعر بالسّعادة عندما أسافر إلى المناطق الرّيفيّة في أستراليا؛ أعتقد أن أستراليا أجمل دولة في العالم

  • using conjunctions such as بالرّغم من ؛ to show differences and contrasts in ideas, for example,

    بالرّغم من أن الشمس ساطعة إلّا أنّ الطقس بارد؛ بالرّغم من نجاحي في الإمتحان لم يشترِ لي أبي اللّعبة الإلكترونيّة

  VCARU166 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language