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• VCZHC039

  Interpret and translate simple texts used for everyday purposes, identifying actions, words and phrases that do not readily translate into English

  Elaborations

  • identifying how best to interpret key words when translating English texts into Chinese, for example, the use of 是 after first-, second- and third-person pronouns; numbers with measure words; possessives with 的; plurals
  • viewing spoken interactions in Chinese between peers or in texts (for example, viewing a segment of a movie), and interpreting the meaning of the dialogue as well as comparing and discussing culturally determined manners or behaviour displayed in the interaction
  • differentiating between word-by-word meaning and intended meaning when translating from Chinese into English, for example, the word-by-word translation of 我喜欢一个人看书 is ‘I like one person to read’, but it means ‘I like to read alone’
  • comparing own translation of short texts (such as brand names, signs, slogans and billboard advertisements) to others’, and evaluating the effectiveness of own translation
  • recognising the role that gesture plays in oral interaction, including emblematic (hand) gestures, gesturing for emphasis and encouragement, and taboos within Chinese communication, such as pointing directly at someone
  • identifying Chinese symbols in print and digital texts (for example, the longevity symbol), and developing ways to convey the culturally attached value when expressing the meaning of these symbols in English

  VCZHC039 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCZHU042

  Discriminate between similar or related syllables and words by listening with attention to intonation, stress and phrasing

  Elaborations

  • recognising familiar language spoken by different voices
  • recognising and discriminating between homonyms in Chinese (for example, shì—是 and 室), relying on contextual cues to assist understanding, and differentiating syllables with different tones, for example, shì (是) and shí (十)
  • connecting the sound of spoken Chinese with the spelling and tone marks of Pinyin, for example, reading out words written in Pinyin with attention to Chinese pronunciation and tone; using Pinyin to record the sound of words or sentences encountered

  VCZHU042 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU092

  Identify and use the characteristics of Chinese word order and explain the use of Chinese-specific grammatical features

  Elaborations

  • analysing the variety of verb types found in Chinese — for example, adjectival verbs (高、大) and modal verbs (会、可以) — and the placement and use of adverbs, for example, 都 to indicate inclusion; 就 to indicate sequence
  • identifying the placement of time and place phrases; the use of conjunctions (for example, 和 to add information; 还是/或者 to offer or indicate choices); and the role of measure words, for example, 个、只
  • exploring the clauses of a sentence in Chinese and noticing how they are linked coherently, for example, 他叫王晓明，(他) 是我的朋友 (zero subject/pronoun)
  • explaining the concept of ‘tense’ across languages, for example, asking: What tense is used in English to share ideas about a future activity? Can you exemplify how future tense is used in English? How is future tense expressed in Chinese? (我明天去北京，下个星期去上海)
  • applying processes of discourse development by joining, contrasting and sequencing using 也、和、但是、就, and exploring the use of cohesive devices and ways of extending, sequencing and elaborating ideas, for example, through the use of connectives, conjunctions and subject pronouns

  VCZHU092 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHC038

  Create written imaginative texts, describing characters and sequencing events, using scaffolded models of texts, learnt characters or word lists for support

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with storytelling techniques by following provided models of narrative texts, for example rewriting 她有七色花，红色，蓝色，白色… and replacing 花 with 气球 and writing 她有七色气球，红色，蓝色，白色
  • using digital media to create an imaginative story to share with peers and Chinese-speaking contacts, using both language and images to achieve particular effects, for example, using 重复（很大很大的球; 走啊走啊走啊)
  • plotting a storyline, considering: Who is the main character? How can I make this character interesting to readers? How can I sequence my story to grab the reader’s attention?
  • collaborating to create alternative endings to well-known stories using learnt sequences and word lists for support

  VCZHC038 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Creating

• VCZHC136

  Translate simple English texts into Chinese and vice versa, using strategies for building vocabulary and interpreting intended meaning of words in English and Chinese

  Elaborations

  • considering alternative ways of interpreting ideas, such as giving examples, looking for synonyms (近义词), and elaborating on details
  • creating bilingual texts to share with others, for example, adding English to a Chinese New Year poster or couplet, adding Chinese headings to an Australian tourism promotion brochure, adding Chinese to a class weekly timetable

  VCZHC136 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCZHC019

  Obtain and process information about significant people, places and events from spoken and visual sources, and convey this information using learnt phrases and key words

  Elaborations

  • identifying commonly used terms for daily activities such as 你几点睡觉？ to contribute in an online discussion with sister-school friends
  • describing people, places and things using actions and gestures, for example, to create a video clip to describe the school
  • planning and presenting short reports about holidays, special events and places using photos, illustrations, captions, diagrams
  • listening to short spoken texts containing some unfamiliar language, identifying key information, for example, name and phone number of speaker in a voicemail message, or the names, year level and age of Chinese children in a short interview

  VCZHC019 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Informing

• VCZHU170

  Identify changes in tone that occur when words or tones are combined, recognise atonality in rapid connected speech, and use this knowledge to aid in interpreting meaning

  Elaborations

  • comparing ways they pronounce and use spoken Chinese with peers and other Chinese speakers, and determining the influences on their own language use, such as TV, parents, dialects spoken
  • developing tone discrimination and identifying subtle differences in pronunciation, including variations in regional accents, for example, distinguishing between ‘qing’ and ‘qin’, ‘lou’ and ‘rou’, ‘liang’ and ‘lang’, ‘shi’ and ‘si’, and ‘lan’ and ‘nan’ when listening to interactions between speakers in diverse contexts

  VCZHU170 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHC087

  Translate simple texts from Chinese to English and vice versa, identifying words and phrases in Chinese that do not readily translate into English, using contextual cues, action and gesture to assist translation

  Elaborations

  • translating English texts into Chinese, focusing on overall meaning, and identifying how best to interpret key words, for example, the use of 是 after first-, second- and third-person pronouns; numbers with measure words; possessives with 的; plurals
  • identifying Chinese symbols in print and digital texts (for example, the longevity symbol), and developing ways to include the culturally attached value when expressing the meaning of these symbols in English
  • learning how to look up unfamiliar characters and words in bilingual dictionaries, and experimenting with different online dictionaries and translation tools to investigate how specific meanings are rendered into English
  • translating public texts in Chinese (for example, signs in shops and restaurants) into English and explaining their possible meaning and purpose, for example, translating the sign 休息中 on an unlit shop window to mean ‘closed’ instead of its literal translation, ‘resting’
  • using etiquette phrases within appropriate contexts and discussing whether the translation of 对不起 is the same across contexts, for example comparing its meaning in 对不起，让一让 and 对不起，我错了

  VCZHC087 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• Chinese - Second Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 description

  Students engage in cross-cultural communication and reflect on their own experiences in Chinese. They exchange information and ideas and share their life experiences. They use creative and expressive language in narratives to express their imagination.

  Students use Chinese for self-expression,...

  Level description | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence

• VCZHU091

  Identify how character structure, position and component sequences relate the form of a character to its particular sound and meaning

  Elaborations

  • learning the number, nature and sequence of strokes; exploring the range of stroke types used in characters; learning to write with a focus on stroke direction and order, and on balance and proportion within the square
  • comparing writing across languages, recognising differences in stroke sequences and word formation (letter strings versus character squares), word spacing, punctuation and text direction
  • learning the origins and features of components encountered in characters, and analysing the formation of characters, including recognising the frequency and positioning of common components (for example, 人、女、日、月) and their function or relationship to a compound character, for example, 人 in 他、认、从
  • decoding characters by analysing their structure and the number of components, and recognising familiar components
  • applying their knowledge of characters to learn to read and write new characters, and developing strategies for learning, for example, making connections between characters with a common component (你、他、们)
  • identifying contextual meanings of key morphemes in diverse contexts, for example, 天，日，二/两，你好 versus 好玩
  • identifying the relationships between the meaning of individual morphemes in words and exploring how these morphemes apply in a wider range of word contexts
  • explaining the use of common suffixes (子、里、面) and key morphemes (电、家、物、机)
  • understanding how new concepts are interpreted in Chinese by analysing the nature of technology-related terms expressed in Chinese, for example, 电脑、短信、博客

  VCZHU091 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU221

  Analyse textual features of formal genres and apply these in their own speech and writing

  Elaborations

  • analysing features of texts in formal domains, for example, comparing aspects of formal and personal letters such as salutations or level of politeness; examining features of articles such as the use of headings, placement of author name, organisation into introduction, body and conclusion
  • comparing how statistical data (such as census information or surveys) are collated and referred to in Chinese and English texts, including consideration of the levels of in-text referencing required across both languages
  • analysing linguistic, stylistic and textual features of diverse samples of the same genre to compare the choices made by authors and the impact of these choices, for example, comparing 这位老人已经七十多岁了， 他每天要一上一下地打扫一千八百多级石阶， 该是多么辛苦啊！ and 这位老人年纪大了，要打扫很多石阶，这些石阶大概有一千八百多级，非常辛苦
  • analysing stylistic/literary devices used in knowledge-based texts, for example, technical terms and concise formulaic expressions used in newspaper articles
  • appreciating and applying the use of literary devices, for example, direct and indirect historical and cultural references; features of intertextuality such as classical allusions (歇后语)
  • analysing the layout of magazines and online texts to identify how images, fonts and words have been chosen to enhance understanding of key ideas and author positioning
  • examining the language of newspapers, identifying commonly encountered linguistic terms and considering the concise ways in which world events are reported in Chinese media

  VCZHU221 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• Chinese - Second Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Levels 3 and 4 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 4, students use spoken and written Chinese in simple personal interactions with familiar participants about self, family, people, places, routine, school life, and their own interests and preferences, for example, 你叫什么名字？ 你上几年级？ 你有狗吗？ 你喜欢什么运动？ They use appropriate pronunciation...

  Level description | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4

• Chinese - Background Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Levels 3 and 4 description

  Students use oral language to build their capacity to describe and explore topics and concepts in Chinese. Students use Chinese to share everyday experiences with each other. They develop literacy skills through a range of reading and writing activities. Pinyin is used as a tool to develop students...

  Level description | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence

• Chinese - Background Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Levels 3 and 4 achievement standards

  By the end of Levels 4, students use spoken and written Chinese to initiate interactions. They participate in short exchanges, for example, 你晚饭吃什么？，我学汉语和英语,站起来， 大家听老师说. They organise and convey factual information and share experiences in formal and informal situations, making appropriate choices...

  Level description | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4

• Chinese - Second Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Levels 5 and 6 description

  Students engage with oral language by active listening, observing interactions between speakers in everyday contexts, and using the spoken language in a range of forms. They speak with attention to the sounds and tones of words, using formulaic language and applying their knowledge of familiar...

  Level description | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence

• Chinese - Second Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Foundation to Level 2 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 2, students use spoken and written Chinese to communicate with teachers and peers. They participate in structured and routine interactions, such as using 谢谢， 再见， 请, using learnt sounds, formulaic phrases, and verbal and non-verbal responses. They respond to and receive information...

  Level description | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2

• Languages | Chinese: Structure

  Sequences of learning

  The Chinese curriculum takes account of different entry points into language learning across F–10, which reflects current practice in language teaching.

  There are two possible learning sequences:

  • F–10 sequence for students who begin to learn the language in primary...

  Overview material | Chinese

• Chinese - Background Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 description

  Students extend their writing skills to include more persuasive language and more formal genres. They participate in presentations on topics studied, and initiate discussion through enquiry. Students begin to compare their own pronunciation to modern standard spoken Chinese. They also explore...

  Level description | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence

• Chinese - Background Language Learner - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 description

  Students participate in discussions, debates and presentations on a range of issues. They extend their writing skills to include more informative and objective language and write in more formal genres. They develop their skills in analysing characters and recognising word and clause boundaries...

  Level description | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence

• Chinese - Second Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 description

  Students extend their knowledge of the grammatical system and its use through spoken and written communication. Students experiment with language, exploring how cultural meanings are expressed. They analyse how messages are conveyed across languages, and apply their skills in moving between Chinese...

  Level description | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence