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• VCNRU012

  Recognise and reproduce the sounds and letters of the alphabet of the language being studied, identifying how they are represented in words

  Elaborations

  • building phonic awareness by pronouncing and writing the target-language alphabet letters with familiar sounds, and building to more unfamiliar sounds
  • experimenting with sounds, rhythms, intonation and stress
  • noticing the number of letters in the alphabet of the language being studied
  • locating and highlighting specific alphabet letters from the language being studied
  • developing pronunciation and intonation skills by singing, reciting and repeating alphabet names in context, for example, songs
  • focusing on those letters that are different from letters in the English alphabet

  VCNRU012 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU016

  Recognise that Australia has speakers of many different languages, including the language being studied, and that languages borrow words from each other and sometimes use the same alphabet symbols and vocabulary

  Elaborations

  • understanding and recognising, where applicable, the similar order of letters and comparing the lower and uppercase alphabet in the language and English-alphabet letters
  • understanding that there are many everyday words and names in English that have origins in other languages, for example, alphabet, telephone, echidna, eucalyptus, disco, hippopotamus, Zoe

  VCNRU016 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCCCTR004

  Examine words that show reasons and words that show conclusions

  Elaborations

  • asking what happened or was decided ‘in the end’ to show what a conclusion is
  • listening to sentences that show a conclusion and a reason and identifying which words or phrases show each

  VCCCTR004 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Reasoning

• Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking: Structure

  Critical and Creative Thinking is organised into three interrelated strands: Questions and Possibilities, Reasoning and Meta-Cognition.

  Strands	Questions and Possibilities	Reasoning	Meta-Cognition
  	Explore the nature of questioning and a range of processes and techniques to develop ideas	Explore...

  Overview material | Critical and Creative Thinking

• VCNRC042

  Translate simple texts from the language being studied to English and vice versa, identifying words and expressions that do not always translate literally and may have more than one meaning

  Elaborations

  • comparing translations of written texts such as advertisements, websites, food packaging and menus, and considering how meanings may be interpreted from a different cultural perspective
  • translating simple sentences, noticing that there is not always word-for-word equivalence
  • recognising that some words cannot be translated into English without losing some of the meaning, or cannot be translated using only one word
  • identifying and explaining expressions and idioms that do not make sense when translated word-for-word
  • explaining to the teacher, peers and family how some words may have many different meanings

  VCNRC042 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• Critical and Creative Thinking: Foundation to Level 2 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 2, students use and give examples of different kinds of questions. Students generate ideas that are new to them and make choices after considering personal preferences.

  Students identify words that indicate components of a point of view. They use reasons and examples for different...

  Level description | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2

• VCCCTM007

  Consider ways to express and describe thinking activity, including the expression of feelings about learning, both to others and self

  Elaborations

  • identifying words to describe learning experiences, for example ‘learning looks like/sounds like/feels like’
  • drawing and displaying pictures or symbols to represent the meaning of words associated with thinking activities such as ‘watching, wondering, finding, trying’

  VCCCTM007 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Meta-Cognition

• VCCCTM008

  Explore some learning strategies, including planning, repetition, rewording, memorisation and use of mnemonics

  Elaborations

  • composing a simple song or rhyme to assist learning new words, such as greetings in another language
  • practising an oral presentation by intentionally rehearsing small parts of the presentation often

  VCCCTM008 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Meta-Cognition

• VCCCTR084

  Explore reasons and conclusions through investigation

  Elaborations

  • recording their understanding through images and words
  • beginning to explain the reasons for their choice, conclusion or decision
  • exploring and investigating and establishing ideas and understandings during and at the conclusion of this process

  VCCCTR084 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Level D | Reasoning

• VCNRC043

  Create bilingual texts and learning resources for the school community

  Elaborations

  • creating simple bilingual texts in print or digital form for specific audiences, such as school signs for visitors, invitations to parents for class or school events, posters for the school community to advertise an upcoming event, online bilingual story books including text and images for a younger audience, or a bilingual game, such as Snap, using words only
  • creating and posting versions of existing school signs or notices into the language, for example, staffroom, canteen, recognising difference in word order
  • constructing and maintaining a bilingual website for a sister school or a contact group of young learners of English in a target language-speaking community
  • creating a word bank which includes words, phrases and common expressions, as a classroom resource to reinforce learning

  VCNRC043 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCCCTR057

  Exposed to the application of reasoning and conclusions

  Elaborations

  • sharing words that show a conclusion has been reached
  • exposed to the reasoning by adults as they make choices between two options
  • adults explain everyday events and occurrences to show reasoning

  VCCCTR057 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Level A | Reasoning

• VCNRC040

  Listen to, read and view imaginative texts and respond by expressing feelings and opinions about the storyline, themes and characters

  Elaborations

  • responding to stories, myths, fables and films, using modelled language to describe themes, characters and actions
  • producing storyboards to represent key events in different types of imaginative texts, including captions or word bubbles to capture moods or feelings
  • introducing and comparing favourite characters in stories, myths, fables and films, listing associated key words or expressions
  • commenting on elements of humour and drama, and the use of sound effects and facial expressions relating to the characters depicted in stories, myths and fables

  VCNRC040 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Creating

• VCCCTR049

  Consider ambiguity and equivocation and how they affect the strength of arguments

  Elaborations

  • identifying phrases or words in an argument that are misleading because they do not contain a single meaning and discussing which meaning serves the argument better
  • discussing why ambiguity and/or equivocation might be deliberately used in a point of view, for example to express humour
  • examining strategies to resolve ambiguities such as declaring a definition or making context clearer

  VCCCTR049 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 9 and 10 | Reasoning

• VCCCTM009

  Investigate ways to problem-solve, using egocentric and experiential language

  Elaborations

  • discussing sequencing of steps as a problem-solving approach in response to a ‘how do I…?’ problem, and experimenting with different sequences
  • using number sentences as a problem-solving approach to solve a worded problem involving quantities, and thinking out loud to a partner while constructing these sentences, for example ‘I want to know how many farm animals have escaped. I can see that…’

  VCCCTM009 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Meta-Cognition

• VCNRC041

  Create and perform imaginative texts such as stories, skits or rap, using familiar language

  Elaborations

  • producing short scripted plays with teacher support, to perform to class, younger students or the school community
  • creating and performing simple songs, rhymes and rap to teach vocabulary and word patterns to younger language classes
  • creating and using own texts, such as storyboards, digital stories, booklets or board games, based on characters, settings and events from a myth or commonly told story

  VCNRC041 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Creating

• VCNRU017

  Recognise that the languages people use reflect their culture, such as who they are, where and how they live, and find examples of similarities and differences between the language being studied and their own ways of communicating

  Elaborations

  • exploring the meaning of ‘culture’, considering different lifestyles and symbols such as flags, including the Aboriginal flag and the Torres Strait Islander flag
  • exploring the significance of different cultural practices, activities and games
  • recognising words that reflect aspects of the culture of the language
  • understanding that particular Australian English terms and expressions have no equivalent in the language, for example, billabong, corroboree, the bush
  • recognising features of the target language interactions which may be similar or different to own ways of communicating

  VCNRU017 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCCCTQ034

  Synthesise information from multiple sources and use lateral thinking techniques to draw parallels between known and new solutions and ideas when creating original proposals and artefacts

  Elaborations

  • identifying how scientists collaborate and may use natural forms as an inspiration to solve a problem, for example using the structure of humpback whale fins to develop and improve wind turbines
  • creating a set of words and images of simple objects that can be shuffled, selected at random and linked to the problem at hand, to stimulate thinking when experiencing a creativity block
  • discussing how acquiring data from a range of sources can improve the range of proposed digital solutions
  • investigating the similarities between algorithms used for different purposes, and synthesising this information into a more general algorithm for broader applications

  VCCCTQ034 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 7 and 8 | Questions and Possibilities

• VCNRU013

  Understand elements of grammar such as those related to questions, commands and short sentences and develop vocabulary to describe self, friends and family

  Elaborations

  • recognising the order of words in phrases and sentences
  • using adverbs to indicate where, for example, inside, outside, here, there, under
  • using simple adverbs to enhance sentences
  • using verbs in the first person to describe aspects of self, for example, I am six, I have a cat
  • recognising terms for common everyday nouns, for example, the door, the chair, the house,
  • responding to and issuing commands, for example, come here please, sit down
  • responding to questions such as ‘how old are you?’ and ‘how are you?’
  • developing number knowledge for numbers up to 29 and using them in sentences
  • beginning to use conjunctions such as ‘and’

  VCNRU013 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRC045

  Share experiences of learning and using the language being studied, and reflect on the effect of language learning on own identity

  Elaborations

  • preparing a class profile to exchange with students who speak the language being studied, showing language backgrounds and interests represented in the class, using captions and symbols such as flags and words from different languages
  • exploring the idea of stereotypes associated with languages and identities, and discussing how stereotypes affect attitudes and communication and can be inaccurate
  • exploring how their linguistic and cultural background, for example, languages spoken, key relationships and intercultural experiences, influence their sense of who they are
  • connecting various personal experiences of learning the language, and describing how learning the language has influenced own everyday behaviour and language use, for example, using the language outside the language classroom
  • considering whether learning and using the language impacts on their sense of identity either in or out of the classroom

  VCNRC045 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting