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• VCELA263

  Understand how to use letter–sound relationships and less common letter combinations to spell words

  Elaborations

  • using spelling strategies such as: phonological knowledge (for example diphthongs and other ambiguous vowel sounds in more complex words); three-letter clusters (for example 'thr', 'shr', 'squ'); visual knowledge (for example more complex single-syllable homophones such as 'break/brake', 'ate/eight'); morphemic knowledge (for example inflectional endings in single-syllable words, plural and past tense); generalisations (for example to make a word plural when it ends in 's', 'sh', 'ch', or 'z' add 'es'); and using knowledge of how different letters and combinations of letters represent different sounds, including less common combinations, for example, 'dge' after a short vowel as in 'badge', to write words in independent writing

  VCELA263 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Writing | Language

• VCELA182

  Understand how to spell one and two syllable words with common letter patterns

  Elaborations

  • investigating one and two syllable words containing common consonant blends and vowel sounds, for example ‘tree’, ‘star’ and 'about', 'begin', identified in shared texts
  • learning an increasing number of high-frequency sight words recognised in shared texts and in texts being read independently (for example 'one', 'have', 'them', 'about')

  VCELA182 | Curriculum content | English | Level 1 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA147

  Blend sounds associated with letters when reading consonant-vowel-consonant words

  Elaborations

  • blending together common sounds for consonants and vowels to read short words with consonant-vowel-consonant patterns, for example, c-a-t, p-e-g

  VCELA147 | Curriculum content | English | Foundation Level | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA112

  Identify and make sounds associated with the beginning letter of words or images

  Elaborations

  • identifying the beginning sound of a word
  • identifying familiar words or image which start with the same sound

  VCELA112 | Curriculum content | English | Level D | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA122

  Use, communicate or articulate high-frequency words and reproduce familiar sounds and their letters

  Elaborations

  • identifying the beginning sound of own names and other familiar words
  • using and articulating a range of familiar words
  • repeating short refrains from texts, for example ‘I think I can’, ‘I’m not scared’, ‘Where are you?’
  • identifying some words with the same onset, for example objects that start with the same letter as their name
  • learning to recognize some letter-sound relationships

  VCELA122 | Curriculum content | English | Level D | Writing | Language

• VCELY125

  Use symbols, letters and words to create a simple statement about an idea or event

  Elaborations

  • creating a drawing and simple statement (of own ‘writing’) about an event
  • participating in the construction of class texts by selecting images and suggesting simple sentences to accompany the image

  VCELY125 | Curriculum content | English | Level D | Writing | Literacy

• VCELA226

  Understand how to use digraphs, long vowels, blends, silent letters and syllabification to spell simple words including compound words

  Elaborations

  • drawing on knowledge of high-frequency sight words
  • drawing on knowledge of sound–letter relationships (for example breaking words into syllables and phonemes)
  • using known words in writing and spelling unknown words using developing visual, graphophonic and morphemic knowledge

  VCELA226 | Curriculum content | English | Level 2 | Writing | Language

• VCELA295

  Understand how to use spelling patterns and generalisations including syllabification, letter combinations including double letters, and morphemic knowledge to build word families

  Elaborations

  • using phonological knowledge (for example long vowel patterns in multi-syllabic words) and consonant clusters (for example 'straight', 'throat', 'screen', 'squawk')
  • using visual knowledge (for example diphthongs in more complex words and other ambiguous vowel sounds, as in 'oy', 'oi', 'ou', 'ow', 'ould', 'u', 'ough', 'au', 'aw'), silent beginning consonant patterns (for example 'gn' and 'kn')
  • applying generalisations, such as doubling (for example 'running') and 'e'-drop (for example 'hoping')

  VCELA295 | Curriculum content | English | Level 4 | Writing | Language

• VCELA260

  Know that word contractions are a feature of informal language and that apostrophes of contraction are used to signal missing letters

  Elaborations

  • recognising both grammatically accurate and inaccurate usage of the apostrophe in everyday texts such as signs in the community and newspaper advertisements

  VCELA260 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Writing | Language

• VCELA326

  Recognise and write less familiar words that share common letter patterns but have different pronunciations

  Elaborations

  • spelling words that share common letter patterns but have different pronunciations, for example the 'ou' in 'journey', 'your', 'tour', 'sour'

  VCELA326 | Curriculum content | English | Level 5 | Writing | Language

• VCELA158

  Know how to use onset and rime to spell words where sounds map more directly onto letters

  Elaborations

  • breaking words into onset and rime, for example c/at
  • building word families using onset and rime, for example h/ot, g/ot, n/ot, sh/ot, sp/ot

  VCELA158 | Curriculum content | English | Foundation Level | Writing | Language

• VCELA294

  Understand how to use phonic generalisations to identify and write words with more complex letter combinations

  Elaborations

  • using knowledge of complex spelling patterns to read and write words, for example 'bought'

  VCELA294 | Curriculum content | English | Level 4 | Writing | Language

• VCELA041

  Explore the concept of difference through matching letters, images, shapes and familiar words and sounds

  Elaborations

  • matching pictures and shapes that are the same
  • learning to match letters of the alphabet that are the same

  VCELA041 | Curriculum content | English | Level B | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELY268

  Understand the conventions for writing words and sentences using joined letters that are clearly formed and consistent in size

  Elaborations

  • practising how to join letters to construct a fluent handwriting style

  VCELY268 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Writing | Literacy

• VCELA353

  Understand how to use phonic knowledge and accumulated understandings about blending, letter–sound relationships, common and uncommon letter patterns and phonic generalisations to recognise and write increasingly complex words

  Elaborations

  • spelling increasingly complex words using understanding of common letter patterns, for example 'pneumonia'

  VCELA353 | Curriculum content | English | Level 6 | Writing | Language

• English: Foundation Level achievement standards - Writing

  When writing, students use familiar words and phrases and images to convey ideas. Their writing shows evidence of letter and sound knowledge, beginning writing behaviours and experimentation with capital letters and full stops. They correctly form all upper- and lower-case letters.

  Level description | English | Foundation Level | Writing

• VCELY162

  Understand that sounds in English are represented by upper- and lower-case letters that can be written using learned letter formation patterns for each case

  Elaborations

  • adopting correct posture and pencil grip
  • learning to produce simple handwriting movements
  • following clear demonstrations of how to construct each letter (for example where to start; which direction to write)
  • learning to construct lower-case letters and to combine these into words
  • learning to construct some upper-case letters

  VCELY162 | Curriculum content | English | Foundation Level | Writing | Literacy

• VCELA133

  Identify the sounds within familiar words

  Elaborations

  • identifying the beginning sound of their own name, and in familiar everyday words
  • tapping out a beat to represent the syllables in two and three syllable words including their own name

  VCELA133 | Curriculum content | English | Level D | Speaking and Listening | Language

• VCELA249

  Understand how to apply knowledge of letter–sound relationships, and blending and segmenting to read and use more complex words with less common consonant and vowel clusters

  Elaborations

  • using strategies such as sounding out, chunking and blending of uncommon consonant and vowel clusters to problem solve words, for example 'machine' and 'spoil', in shared or guided reading

  VCELA249 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELY196

  Understand how to use learned formation patterns to represent sounds and write words using combinations of unjoined upper- and lower-case letters

  Elaborations

  • using correct posture and pencil grip
  • learning how each letter is constructed including where to start and the direction to follow
  • writing words legibly using unjoined print script of consistent size

  VCELY196 | Curriculum content | English | Level 1 | Writing | Literacy