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• VCEALA091

  Initiate and maintain simple conversations with others

  Elaborations

  • understanding and responding to simple English expressions related to personal or familiar topics, for example answering simple questions by giving basic information about self
  • borrowing words from questions asked, for example ‘What is your hobby?’, ‘My hobby is …’
  • negotiating meaning through use of gestures, modified speech, simple questions and clarifications
  • initiating exchanges in social and learning context, for example by asking a question

  VCEALA091 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALC004

  Question to check meaning so as to clarify or confirm

  Elaborations

  • checking understanding of simple, familiar instructions and routines, for example Teacher: ‘It’s playtime.’ Student: ‘Go outside?’
  • using learnt social formulas, such as ‘please’ and ‘thank you’, when asking questions
  • using simple formulaic expressions to make requests or ask questions, for example ‘Please say again’, ‘What is that?’
  • listening to and using speaker’s key words when asking for clarification, for example Teacher: ‘Paste it in your book.’ Student: ‘Language book?’
  • supplementing spoken requests with gesture and mime

  VCEALC004 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC084

  Respond appropriately in a range of common social and classroom situations

  Elaborations

  • responding with short extended responses including answering questions, adding to other speakers’ points, giving personal opinions
  • expressing ideas, humour and simple opinions, and describing feelings, for example ‘I am very happy’
  • giving a short presentation to a group on a familiar topic, such as sharing or recounting a personal experience
  • borrowing key topic words and question structures to help formulate responses

  VCEALC084 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC007

  Participate in simple and familiar songs, rhymes and chants

  Elaborations

  • reciting familiar rhymes, songs with actions or lists of words such as days of the week or colours of the rainbow
  • rehearsing formulas or short exchanges based on models, such as ‘Hello, what is your name?’, ‘My name is … What is your name?’, ‘Pleased to meet you’
  • role-playing popular stories or songs, for example ‘Little pig, little pig, let me in’

  VCEALC007 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC241

  Interact and respond appropriately verbally and non-verbally in simple conversations with teacher or peers

  Elaborations

  • indicating agreement or non-agreement through body language such as nodding or shaking the head, or formulaic speech such as ‘I agree’, ‘I don’t think so’
  • using some culturally appropriate conventions such as ‘Excuse me’, ‘Please …’, ‘Thank you’
  • borrowing words from the question, for example Teacher: ‘What is your hobby?’ Student: ‘My hobby is …’

  VCEALC241 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC088

  Follow a short sequence of instructions related to classroom procedures or learning activities

  Elaborations

  • following a range of classroom instructions, for example book borrowing procedures, rules for using computers
  • ordering information from a short spoken text using visual images
  • identifying key words and phrases that refer to known objects in the classroom or locations in the school
  • understanding common classroom action verbs such as ‘sit’, ‘collect’, ‘open’, ‘stop’
  • using contextual information to clarify or confirm instructions, for example the teacher’s gestures, the actions of peers

  VCEALC088 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALL416

  Use basic and some complex verb forms accurately

  Elaborations

  • applying verb tenses more consistently, for example using most common irregular past tenses, such as ‘came’, ‘gave’, ‘thought’, ‘said’
  • using correct subject–verb agreement with simple and some complex tenses, such as ‘I go’, ‘She goes’, ‘My cousin has come to visit’
  • forming multi-word negatives accurately, for example including auxiliary and modal verbs (‘He did not need to carry that’) or expressing more complex tense (‘She has not started yet’)

  VCEALL416 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL602

  Experiment with different tenses and use some common irregular past tense verbs correctly

  Elaborations

  • using a small number of common irregular past tense verbs accurately, such as ‘went’, ‘bought’, ‘woke’
  • matching simple present and past tense verbs to time words, such as ‘Today I have …’, ‘Last week we went …’, ‘They always sit …’
  • experimenting with more complex tenses, with varied accuracy, for example elaborated tenses (‘I have been to …’), negatives (‘They didn’t had …’)

  VCEALL602 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL176

  Use basic verb forms in context

  Elaborations

  • matching simple verb tense to time words, such as ‘Yesterday we went …’,‘Tomorrow we go …’
  • sometimes using inconsistent tense when describing events in the past, present and future, for example ‘We drove the car and then arrive there’
  • using ‘no’ or ‘not’ with adjectives or nouns to express negative forms, such as ‘No hot today’, ‘Not me’

  VCEALL176 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level BL | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL441

  Understand the cohesion of ideas between and within paragraphs

  Elaborations

  • locating the topic sentence at the beginning of each paragraph, and finding the key words to identify the main idea
  • reordering sentences in a paragraph to follow a logical order of ideas and language
  • sequencing sentences using conjunctions of time (for example ‘then’, ‘next’, ‘first’, ‘after’) to make a cohesive paragraph
  • understanding items referred to by pronouns, and tracing these references through a text

  VCEALL441 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL255

  Use a small range of basic verb forms accurately

  Elaborations

  • matching simple verb tense to time words, such as ‘Yesterday we went …’, ‘Now we can eat lunch’, ‘Tomorrow we will go …’
  • maintaining consistent tense when describing events in the past, present and future, for example ‘I walked to his house and we played games’
  • using ‘no’ or ‘not’ with verbs, adjectives and nouns to express negative forms, such as ‘Not play’, ‘I no sad’, ‘Me no’

  VCEALL255 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL111

  Employ communicative strategies to enhance meaning

  Elaborations

  • developing accurate pronunciation and fluency based on modelling in a range of familiar interactions using personal language and classroom language
  • using stress or intonation appropriately in common utterances, for example using rising intonation when asking questions, stressing key words in short utterances
  • expressing emotions through intonation, for example surprise, frustration
  • using body language, facial expression and gesture to enhance the meaning of speech, for example nodding, pointing

  VCEALL111 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL666

  Write using a range of tenses with varied accuracy

  Elaborations

  • controlling simple and continuous present and past tenses, for example ‘They are waiting’, ‘I was walking’
  • attempting more complex tenses, with varied accuracy, for example multi-word verb groups (‘Was not going to say’), elaborated tenses (‘He had not been told yet’)
  • consistently controlling agreement with common subjects and simple verbs, for example ‘I go’, ‘She goes’, ‘It is’, ‘They are’

  VCEALL666 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL101

  Construct a small range of sentence forms

  Elaborations

  • constructing positive and negative statements using subject plus verb, for example ‘I finished’, ‘The bus didn’t come’
  • beginning questions with question words such as ‘Who’, ‘What’, ‘When’, ‘How’
  • beginning commands with an imperative verb, for example ‘Come over here’, ‘Bring that’
  • constructing subject–verb-–object sentences with accuracy
  • giving some additional detail using short noun groups or adjectival phrases, such as ‘He gave me a new book’, ‘I ran really fast’

  VCEALL101 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL420

  Respond to a sequence of instructions

  Elaborations

  • identifying key words used in the instructions, for example names of classroom items, software functions or action verbs, such as ‘workbook’, ‘paste’, ‘rule’
  • understanding a small number of instructions and following them in sequence, such as ‘Open your book to a new page. Rule up the page and write the date. Then copy the heading from the board’
  • asking for clarification, for example ‘Do I rule it up like this?’

  VCEALL420 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL752

  Use extended topic-related verb groups

  Elaborations

  • choosing from a wide range of action, saying, sensing and relating verbs to express precise meaning, for example ‘construct’, ‘produce’, ‘appreciate’, ‘prefer’
  • using extended verb groups, for example ‘about to start packing up’, ‘would not want to be noticed’
  • expressing more complex verbs using elaborated tenses, for example ‘hadn’t noticed’, ‘we’re getting hungry’
  • expressing modality through words such as ‘may’ and ‘might’

  VCEALL752 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL728

  Use verb forms appropriate to text type

  Elaborations

  • using appropriate verb forms for the purpose and text type, for example past tense for a reflective response, passive voice in a procedural recount
  • controlling a range of more complex verb tenses, such as elaborated tenses (‘They had been waiting’), multi-word verb groups (‘I was not supposed to know’)
  • controlling agreement for singular and plural nouns (for example ‘My brothers go to high school and my sister goes to university’) and countable and non-countable nouns (for example ‘There were clouds but there was no rain’)

  VCEALL728 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL021

  Understand the tense of statements or instructions by using time references

  Elaborations

  • understanding common time references in basic sentences, such as ‘We went yesterday’, ‘Tomorrow we will go’, ‘Now we can eat lunch’
  • matching simple verb tense to time words, such as ‘Yesterday we did …’, ‘Tomorrow we do …’
  • sometimes using inconsistent tense when describing events in the past, present and future, for example ‘We waited and then catch the train’

  VCEALL021 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL644

  Show awareness of how cohesive devices organise ideas

  Elaborations

  • locating in a text a small range of connectives (such as ‘then’, ‘so’), pronouns (such as ‘this’, ‘that’) and articles (such as ‘a’, ‘the’)
  • identifying how the use of related vocabulary (synonyms, antonyms or words related to a particular topic) can make connections between parts of a text
  • following the items referred to by reference items through a long text, for example ‘The movement of electricity through some metals can be converted to heat. This is an easy way to heat people’s homes, and the electricity needed to do this is not too expensive’

  VCEALL644 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL497

  Use basic verb forms in context

  Elaborations

  • matching simple verb tense to time words, such as ‘Yesterday we did …’, ‘Tomorrow we do …’
  • sometimes using inconsistent tense when describing events in the past, present and future, for example ‘We waited and then catch the train’
  • recognising the most common irregular verbs, such as ‘do’, ‘go’, ‘be’
  • using ‘no’ or ‘not’ with adjectives or nouns to express negative forms’, such as ‘No go outside’, ‘Not me’

  VCEALL497 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level CL | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features