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• VCEALC430

  Contribute actively to group activities on shared texts

  Elaborations

  • listening to group discussion, contributing appropriate ideas and encouraging the responses of others
  • negotiating the content and form of group responses to the text
  • creating shared responses to the text, for example joint writing or group role-plays

  VCEALC430 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Reading and Viewing | Communication

• VCEALL100

  Combine known formulas, structures and other vocabulary to communicate

  Elaborations

  • creating original utterances by using new words with known sentence structures, for example ‘Yesterday I went to the swim’
  • using a range of question beginnings, such as ‘Who’, ‘Where’, ‘How’, ‘Why’, ‘Do you …?’, ‘Can I …?’

  VCEALL100 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL580

  Demonstrate awareness of basic sentence and question patterns

  Elaborations

  • ordering words and phrases to create grammatical and logical sentences and questions
  • pointing out the subject, verb and object in sentences such as ‘She bought some fruit’
  • identifying question words such as ‘who’, ‘what’, ‘why’

  VCEALL580 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL725

  Use a range of cohesive devices to connect ideas in text

  Elaborations

  • using cohesive devices at the sentence level, for example a range of conjunctions and connectives that show relationships of cause or time
  • using cohesive devices to connect ideas at the word level, such as writing pronouns or synonyms to create chains of ideas

  VCEALL725 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL598

  Attempt paragraphs and topic sentences

  Elaborations

  • grouping related information and sentences together to create a basic paragraph, though ideas may not be sequenced clearly within the paragraph
  • writing a topic sentence making a statement about a key idea, for example ‘Cars are bad for the environment’

  VCEALL598 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL283

  Read sentences that use basic subject, verb and object patterns, where content and vocabulary are familiar

  Elaborations

  • ordering jumbled sentences to create grammatical and logical sentences
  • answering simple questions about sentences, for example Teacher: ‘What did the dog eat?’, Student: ‘The dog ate the bone’

  VCEALL283 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALA144

  Use a range of writing implements and writing styles for different purposes

  Elaborations

  • writing legibly and consistently by hand, using a range of implements such as pens, pencils
  • using basic keyboard functions to create, edit and format texts
  • planning the layout and format of texts, for example ruling margins, writing a first draft, measuring out boxes on a poster

  VCEALA144 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA780

  Understand how writing contexts, audience and purpose influence function and form

  Elaborations

  • choosing from a repertoire of text types to communicate a message clearly, for example writing an analytical essay or creating a short slideshow to explain an issue to the class
  • identifying the context, purpose and audience for a text when planning and drafting
  • choosing and sustaining appropriate language for the audience and purpose, for example using a formal register for an intended academic audience

  VCEALA780 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALC571

  Respond in a personal way to a short, familiar text

  Elaborations

  • expressing a personal response to a text (such as indicating enjoyment, satisfaction, agreement or disagreement) and giving simple reasons
  • comparing events from a text with personal experience
  • transforming part of a text into a new text type, for example creating an illustration or poem from a story

  VCEALC571 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Reading and Viewing | Communication

• VCEALC454

  Use a range of visual material or other cues to support factual texts

  Elaborations

  • adding labelled diagrams or illustrations to an information report or report on a science experiment
  • creating a mind map to summarise the facts in a text, in the introduction or conclusion section
  • writing a dot-point list to outline key ideas in a report, using a simple introductory sentence stem, for example ‘The main effects of air pollution are: …’

  VCEALC454 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Writing | Communication

• VCEALC680

  Prepare and deliver an oral presentation, after modelling and support

  Elaborations

  • using specified criteria to plan, revise, rehearse and deliver a presentation
  • attending to multiple features of speech, including pronunciation, volume, pace, intonation
  • attending to non-verbal aspects of presentation such as maintaining eye contact with the audience or using body language for emphasis
  • creating and using memory aids such as palm cards or slides

  VCEALC680 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC139

  Illustrate texts purposefully

  Elaborations

  • connecting image to sections of a text, for example drawing the body of a frog, its habitat and its life cycle
  • writing a descriptive caption or label for an image
  • drawing images or diagrams to accompany sentences in a narrative or recount
  • using an online storyboarding application to create a simple story map to show the events and characters in a narrative

  VCEALC139 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Writing | Communication

• VCEALL771

  Demonstrate understanding of complex language

  Elaborations

  • understanding sentences containing complex features (such as embedded clauses, noun groups and modality), for example ‘If the temperature rises, the polar caps may melt, resulting in …’
  • connecting and transforming simple sentences using a range of grammatical structures to create extended compound and complex sentences

  VCEALL771 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL397

  Use appropriate layouts to separate ideas and incorporate visual features in texts

  Elaborations

  • separating sections in texts by starting a new idea on a new line, or a new section on a new page
  • locating diagrams or tables close to relevant information in print and digital texts
  • using text layout tools in a software application when creating digital texts, for example to align or resize images

  VCEALL397 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL774

  Demonstrate a broad technical vocabulary across the curriculum areas

  Elaborations

  • reading, with understanding, texts containing new vocabulary, some subject-specific vocabulary and figurative language
  • responding to the use of vocabulary in a text, for example by describing emotions elicited by particular words or phrases
  • creating graphic organisers, for example word clines or word maps, to illustrate the relationships between synonyms and antonyms

  VCEALL774 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL663

  Link ideas using a range of basic cohesive devices

  Elaborations

  • using an expanding range of coordinating conjunctions (such as ‘and’, ‘but’, ‘so’), for example ‘I caught the bus and then walked to the pool so I could go swimming’
  • using a range of common subordinating conjunctions (such as ‘since’, ‘because’, ‘before’), for example ‘Because it was getting dark, we left before the show finished’
  • creating short chains of reference using pronouns, for example ‘The doctor … she ... her patients …’
  • using pronouns in more complex sentences, although sometimes creating ambiguity, for example ‘Dad found my dog and he was so happy’

  VCEALL663 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• English | English as an Additional Language (EAL): Structure

  The English as an Additional Language (EAL) curriculum is organised by pathways, language modes and strands.

  Pathways

  The EAL curriculum is a continuum structured as three EAL pathways (A, B, C). Each pathway describes a different stage of English-language learning (early, mid and late), and...

  Overview material | English as an Additional Language (EAL)

• VCEALL018

  Communicate using short, learnt phrases

  Elaborations

  • using single-word or phrasal responses to questions, such as ‘Yes’, ‘No’, ‘I don’t know’
  • using learnt phrases in play, such as ‘Give me’, ‘Stop it’, ‘I don’t like’
  • creating original utterances by substituting new words in learnt patterns or formulas, such as ‘It’s home time’, ‘It’s go time’
  • using simplified speech patterns, where function words may be omitted or used incorrectly, for example ‘Me go to shopping and buyed many thing’

  VCEALL018 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL151

  Write sustained texts using sentences based on simple repetitive, modelled patterns

  Elaborations

  • writing original sentences with less reliance on copying
  • writing repetitive patterns to produce longer texts, such as ‘I like ..., and I like ...’
  • connecting clauses together to make compound sentences that may run on, for example ‘I came to school and met my friend and then we played handball and then the bell went’
  • using ‘because’ to create dependent clauses, though these may be incomplete sentences, for example ‘We went to the pool. Because it was hot’

  VCEALL151 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL020

  Use a small range of grammatical patterns

  Elaborations

  • expressing simple statements, questions and commands using common words in order, supported by intonation, for example ‘She go’, ‘My book?’, ‘Give me’
  • generalising some grammatical patterns to new contexts, though with some inaccuracies, such as ‘to the farm’, ‘to the Australia’
  • using patterns to create new forms of words, though with some overgeneralisation, such as ‘played’, ‘eated’, ‘goed’

  VCEALL020 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features