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• Hindi - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 description

  Students develop explicit knowledge of the forms and functions of language elements that some may already use fluently in their spoken language. Literacy development provides the opportunity not only to read and write the language but also to understand how it is formed and how it works. Students...

  Level description | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence

• Languages | Hindi: Learning in Hindi

  Hindi language learning

  Hindi is an official language of India and Fiji. It is the most widely spoken language of the Indian subcontinent and is also widely spoken throughout the world in countries that include the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Mauritius, the Gulf countries and Australia.

  Overview material | Hindi

• VCHIU030

  Build phonic awareness and pronunciation skills through singing, reciting and experimenting with sounds; develop familiarity with the use of the under-dotted characters representing loan sounds in Hindi and conventions governing punctuation marks in written script

  Elaborations

  • creating an alphabet bank, collecting words beginning with each letter, for example, कमल, कसरत, कोयल।
  • imitating the discrimination of unaspirated and aspirated sounds, for example, क-ख, द-ध।
  • understanding that the sound and letter correspondence is the same in written and spoken Hindi, that there are no silent letters or more than one sound for any one letter, apart from the letters ह, य and व, whose pronunciation is influenced by their context
  • understanding that Hindi vowels can be pronounced with a nasal quality added to them which is represented by either a चंद्रबिंदु or a small dot (बिंदु) above the headstroke, for example, हाँ, मैं
  • recognising how to distinguish between nasal vowel sounds and nasal consonants, and the rules that govern how to represent nasal consonant combinations in words such as गंगा, पंजाब, ठंड/ठण्ड, बंद/बन्द and तुम्हारा
  • recognising that there are loan words in Hindi from languages such as English, Persian, Arabic, Turkish and Portuguese, and learning how the underdotted characters क़, ख़, ग़, ज़, फ़ are used to represent such loan sounds
  • recognising how pitch, stress and rhythm help to convey meaning even when individual words are unfamiliar

  VCHIU030 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCHIU012

  Recognise the relationship between the sounds and patterns of pronunciation and elements of the Devanagari script, including the representation of long and short vowels, consonants and conjuncts

  Elaborations

  • recognising and reproducing the sounds and letters of spoken and written Hindi
  • building phonic awareness by recognising and experimenting with sounds and focusing on those that are new and initially difficult, such as त, थ, ग, घ, ट, द, ध।
  • learning how the Hindi sound system is conventionally represented in the Devanagari system by the use of 13 letters classified as vowels (अ-अः) and 33 consonants (क-ह and ड़-ढ़)
  • developing pronunciation skills by singing, reciting, reproducing and mimicking alphabetic elements in context
  • understanding how vowels are pronounced without any obstruction of air coming out of the mouth and consonants are pronounced with obstruction of air by different parts of the mouth
  • recognising that a line on the top of written letters joins them to make words and establishes spaces between words बस, घर। अब घर चल।
  • practising the writing of Devangari letters ‘hanging’ from a line, noticing the difference between this and English, where letters are written above the line क ख ग - a, b, c
  • recognising the matra form of vowels, such as ि, ी, and distinguishing long and short vowel sounds, such as ि, ी
  • identifying and practising pronunciation of vowel sounds with consonants, for example, कइ/कि, कई/की
  • understanding the formation of conjunct consonants such as क्ष, त्र, ज्ञ

  VCHIU012 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCHIC045

  Create bilingual texts such as websites, posters, games and word banks to support their own and others’ learning

  Elaborations

  • creating bilingual learning resources for shared use in the classroom, for example, glossaries of Hindi terms that have no direct translation in English
  • creating bilingual texts for specific audiences, for example, a Big Book or interactive digital game for younger learners of Hindi
  • creating short animations in Hindi with subtitles in English
  • creating bilingual brochures or posters to promote school or community events
  • creating and performing short bilingual chants, songs or raps that move between Hindi and English

  VCHIC045 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCHIC008

  Explain the meaning of simple Hindi words, phrases and gestures, noticing similarities or differences with English or other known languages

  Elaborations

  • recognising that every language has its own words, sounds and gestures that it uses to make meaning
  • translating and explaining the meaning of Hindi words and expressions often used by children of their age, for example, अच्छा!, comparing with expressions they use in similar situations in English
  • translating simple classroom texts, such as captions, signs, word lists, charts
  • demonstrating body language, gestures or facial expressions that they use with families and friends when speaking Hindi, such as moving the head in different ways to mean different things
  • explaining why particular forms of behaviour accompany interactions such as greetings in Hindi, for example, touching the feet of elders while saying प्रणाम to show respect, and receiving blessings

  VCHIC008 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Translating

• VCHIC026

  Translate simple texts such as rhymes, captions, story books or familiar social interactions, noticing words and expressions that are difficult to translate

  Elaborations

  • translating popular children’s rhymes into English, for example, चूँ-चूँ करती आई चिड़िया; चंदा मामा, noticing words that are difficult to translate or explain
  • identifying Hindi words or expressions that do not easily translate into English, for example, आँखों का तारा
  • translating exchanges between characters in favourite stories from Hindi into English
  • discussing the meaning of traditional Hindi phrases used on special occasions, comparing how similar wishes are expressed in English, for example, जीते रहो
  • translating lines from cartoon or comic-strip characters such as पिंकी और बबली, noticing how meanings sometimes get changed or confused when translated into another language

  VCHIC026 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCHIC010

  Notice and describe ways in which they use Hindi and English and how these involve different words and behaviours according to the context

  Elaborations

  • noticing differences in ways they communicate with friends and family in Hindi and English, such as using different forms of address in Hindi for relatives on a father’s or mother’s side of the family, for example, बुआ जी for a father’s sister and मौसी जी for a mother’s sister; and using first names in English when addressing parents of their friends
  • noticing which language they choose to use in which contexts, and when they mix or switch between Hindi, English or other languages, for example, when playing with friends, interacting with grandparents or reciting prayers
  • noticing aspects of Hindi that relate to culture, such as using terms like दीदी when speaking to a woman who is older but not yet old enough to be addressed as माताजी
  • describing how it feels to use Hindi in the classroom compared to using it at home or in their community
  • developing language for talking about language and culture, for example, using terms such as ‘difference’, ‘behaviour’ and ‘culture’, and considering questions such as लोग ऐसा क्यों/किसलिए करते हैं?

  VCHIC010 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCHIU085

  Investigate, demonstrate and explain how elements of grammar and word formation allow for complex expression of ideas and meaning

  Elaborations

  • expanding vocabulary related to more complex concepts to compose richer descriptions and expression of ideas
  • using conjunctions to create more complex and elaborated sentences, for example, मैं पहले दिल्ली जाऊँगा और अपना काम पूरा करने के बाद कोलकता पहुँचूँगा।
  • extending knowledge of text cohesion and basic joining (सन्धि) rules, for example, word ending in अ plus word starting in उ becomes the सन्धि sound ओ as in पूर्वोत्तर. आ+ओ=औ, क्+द्=ग्
  • using the active and passive voice to establish distinctions of agency, for example, राम उर्दू लिख रहा है।, उर्दू लिखी जा रही है ।
  • understanding the function and use of case (कारक), for example, ने, को, से, के लिए, में, पर
  • using participles (पदबंध): imperfect – डूबती हुई नाव, perfect – डूबी हुई नाव, adverbial present – रोते हुए, लिखते हुए, adverbial past – वह लड़की का हाथ पकड़े हुए था, वाला as participle – सब्जी वाला, डिब्बे वाला
  • expanding metalanguage to describe additional grammatical concepts and the relationship between form, function and meaning
  • using a range of tenses in complex sentences to move between events and personal experiences across time, for example, पिछले वर्ष जैसे हमने होली का त्योहार मनाया था, उसी प्रकार इस वर्ष भी हम होली का त्योहार धूमधाम से मनाएंगे।

  VCHIU085 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCHIU048

  Understand how the conventions of written script determine the structure and organisation of written language, and understand the relationship between word formation and pronunciation

  Elaborations

  • understanding that the Hindi language varies from region to region as it is influenced by local culture, practices and customs, and that this variation impacts on pronunciation but is not represented in written Hindi; for example, the word for ‘much/many’ is pronounced by many speakers as बहौत but is spelled according to its standard spelling as बहुत
  • recognising the Hindi pronunciation and Devanagari spelling of old loan words from English into Hindi, such as -अस्पताल/हस्पताल; अफ़सर; पलस्तर
  • understanding the conventions by which new loan words are written in Hindi, for example, the way in which English ‘t’ and ‘d’ sounds are represented normally as ट and ड, the replacement of English ‘th’ sounds by थ and ways in which English vowels such as short ‘a’ sounds are replaced by Hindi vowel sounds, as in डॉलर versus डालर
  • recognising and practising the spelling of words in Devanagari script that involve combinations of pronouns and postpositions that lose the inherent ‘a’ inside a word such as उसका, and understanding how the loss of the inherent ‘a’ at the end of a verb stem is not represented in Devanagari, for example, सुनना/सुनता

  VCHIU048 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCHIU015

  Recognise that different words, expressions and gestures are used by Hindi speakers to interact with different people in different situations

  Elaborations

  • recognising that language they use at home or when playing with friends is sometimes different to language they use in school, for example, addressing each other as तू/ तुम rather than the more respectful form of आप, or using the informal pronunciation of ये/वो rather than the formal pronunciation यह/वह
  • recognising that children in their class may use different words and expressions that come from different dialects and languages
  • understanding that different forms of address are used to greet different people, for example, addressing elders as आप, equal or younger people as तुम and being addressed by older relatives as जीते रहो
  • understanding that different greetings are used with people from different community and religious groups, for example, नमस्ते/नमस्कार to a Hindu, अस्सलाम अलैकुम to a Muslim and सत् श्री अकाल to a Sikh

  VCHIU015 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCHIU016

  Recognise that all languages change over time and borrow words and expressions from each other

  Elaborations

  • recognising that languages borrow words and expressions from each other and that Hindi includes many words that originated in languages such as Persian, Arabic and English
  • identifying loan words and expressions from English used in Hindi, understanding that they may be pronounced differently in the two languages, for example, phone is pronounced as फ़ोन, dollar is pronounced as डालर
  • finding examples of Hindi words that are used in other languages, for example, ‘yoga’ (योग), ‘sari’ (साड़ी), ‘khaki’ (खाकी), ‘pyjama’ (पायजामा)
  • noticing words that they use in their everyday lives that come from different languages

  VCHIU016 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCHIC044

  Translate simple school, community or media texts from Hindi to English and vice versa, explaining words or phrases that need to be interpreted or explained

  Elaborations

  • translating simple texts such as signs, menu items or public announcements from Hindi to English and vice versa, comparing which words they chose to convey the closest equivalent meaning
  • explaining Hindi words or expressions that they find difficult or amusing to explain to non-Hindi-speaking friends, for example, पेट में चूहे दौड़ रहे हैं।
  • identifying and working out the meaning of unfamiliar English words used in other curriculum areas, such as erosion, fraction, consumer, discussing how they would translate or explain them in Hindi
  • collecting proverbs used in their families, such as दूर के ढोल सुहावने, considering how to explain their meaning to non-Hindi-speaking friends
  • providing a literal translation of commonly-used expressions such as the greeting नमस्ते, and comparing with greetings used in English
  • learning to use bilingual print and digital dictionaries, identifying issues such as multiple meanings for words and the fact that meaning is not always literal

  VCHIC044 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCHIC099

  Create shared bilingual texts and learning resources such as word banks, databases, promotional materials or hyperlinks for digital presentations for the classroom and wider school or local community

  Elaborations

  • designing a flyer for a class event or performance which uses Hindi and English, considering how to convey information and ideas in each language
  • creating bilingual captions or hyperlinks for a photographic or digital display to show parents and other student groups key elements of their learning experiences
  • contributing reviews, reports or recipes to a shared bilingual or multilingual website, using Hindi, English and other languages as appropriate to different domains of language use
  • creating a bilingual blog, wiki or contribution to an online discussion forum that shares examples of challenges associated with translating and interpreting
  • developing bilingual instructional texts or directions that cater for Hindi- and English-speaking friends, family members or participants, for example, computer game instructions or information for an extended-family event
  • creating a short documentary about a local community event or locale that uses both Hindi and English, for example, with narration in one language and subtitles in the other
  • designing bilingual signage for the school campus, including names of facilities, directions to locations or advice on expected behaviours, noting differences in phrasing or expression, as in ‘Silence Please’: ‘कृपया शांति बनाए रखें’
  • composing menus or programs for school or community events/celebrations that include footnotes in English to explain key terms or items

  VCHIC099 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCHIC080

  Compare translations and interpretations of literary, community and social media texts, including those that mix Hindi and English words, expressions and sentence structures

  Elaborations

  • identifying and translating texts produced within the media and entertainment industry that use ‘Hinglish’ for different purposes, for example, Life ho to aisi!, Youngistaan ka wow!
  • exploring the language of Bollywood by translating short excerpts that include code-mixing and code-switching between languages and dialects
  • critically evaluating the accuracy and effectiveness of subtitles used in movies, video clips and documentaries, identifying examples of ‘meaning lost in translation’
  • translating parts of conversations recorded between family and friends that involve the mixing of Hindi and English, discussing the relationship between code switching and domains of use
  • considering challenges involved in translating texts by contemporary poets and songwriters who incorporate English words or stylistic features into their texts
  • identifying how translation sometimes involves literal exchange of word-for-word meaning, sometimes involves interpreting and expressing meaning in appropriate forms, and sometimes involves cultural meaning that cannot be translated

  VCHIC080 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCHIU121

  Extend knowledge of and use more complex features and patterns of the Hindi grammatical system, such as the use of passive voice, compound words and phrases and variations in register

  Elaborations

  • indicating situations and events by using past, present and future tense forms, for example, जाता था, जाता हूँ, जाऊँगा
  • creating simple sentences using conjunctions such as राम ने खाना खाया और सो गया।
  • creating compound and complex sentences such as मैं पहले दिल्ली जाऊँगा और अपना काम पूरा करने के बाद कोलकता पहुँचूँगा।
  • expanding vocabulary related to personal, social, environmental and global worlds
  • recognising and using idiomatic expressions such as आँख का तारा and दाल में कुछ काला
  • using numbers in fraction, multiple and collective forms, for example, आधा, चौथाई, एक तिहाई, सैंकड़ों, हज़ारों, तीन गुणा
  • continuing to build and expand metalanguage to describe grammatical concepts and to organise learning resources such as verb charts, vocabulary lists and groups of pronouns, adverbs and adjectives
  • understanding and extending knowledge of basic joining (सन्धि) rules, such as इ+आ = ए
  • extending knowledge of the use of the active and passive voice according to context, for example, राम उर्दू लिख रहा है। उर्दू लिखी जा रही है।
  • understanding the function and use of case (कारक), for example, ने, को, से, के लिए, में, पर
  • using participles (पदबंध): imperfect – डूबती हुई नाव, perfect – डूबी हुई नाव, adverbial present – रोते हुए, लिखते हुए, adverbial past – वह लड़की का हाथ पकड़े हुए था, वाला as participle – सब्जी वाला, डिब्बे वाला
  • using a range of tenses in complex sentences to describe events and personal experiences, for example, पिछले वर्ष जैसे हमने होली का त्योहार मनाया था, उसी प्रकार इस वर्ष भी हम होली का त्योहार धूमधाम से मनाएंगे।
  • understanding that in different contexts words from different registers are used for related concepts, such as इंसाफ़ and न्याय

  VCHIU121 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCHIU066

  Identify correspondence between individual and combined elements of spoken and written Hindi, such as pronunciation of consonant clusters or the pronunciation and spelling of English words used in Hindi

  Elaborations

  • recognising individual elements of spoken and written words, phrases and non-verbal forms of expression and noticing how they combine to make or to change meaning
  • recognising how words can be formed from base words, and understanding how prefixes and suffixes change the meaning of words, for example, जीव, सजीव, जीवंत, understanding the impact this has on pronunciation
  • recognising and identifying how to pronounce and spell loan words commonly used in Hindi from Persian and Arabic, such as क़ानून, फ़ालतू, and from English, such as ट्रेन, स्टेशन, स्कूल
  • recognising and understanding the impact on Hindi pronunciation and spelling in Devanagari of Sanskrit words (tatsam words) and of derived forms (tadbhav words), understanding that both forms can be used in different contexts; for example, क्षेत्र for ‘field’ in an abstract sense and खेत for a field for farming

  VCHIU066 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCHIC098

  Translate and interpret short texts such as public signs, proverbs or menus from Hindi to English and vice versa, noticing which words or phrases translate easily and which do not

  Elaborations

  • translating short community texts such as public signs, menu items or public announcements from Hindi to English and vice versa, comparing choices they each made to arrive at the closest equivalent meaning
  • translating and explaining proverbs or colloquial expressions used in their families, for example, दूर के ढोल सुहावने; पेट में चूहे दौड़ रहे हैं, discussing how they would explain them to non-Hindi speaking friends
  • translating short media texts such as appeals or slogans from Hindi to English or vice versa, noticing how the two languages convey meaning in similar or different ways, for example, by using imperative verb moods or emotive language: ‘Never refuse to re-use!’; ‘Don’t be trashy - recycle!’; सारी धरती की यह पुकार, पर्यावरण का करो सुधार
  • translating excerpts from traditional fables and legends, identifying words and expressions that reference cultural values, history and beliefs and are difficult to translate into English
  • evaluating the effectiveness of print and digital dictionaries and electronic translators, for example, by comparing each other’s translations of a text, back-translating or swapping references, considering issues such as alternative or multiple meanings of words and the importance of context to meaning
  • considering the significance of naming practices in Hindi, for example, by translating popular names such as पवन, माला, दीपक, आशा, comparing with naming practices in Australian English
  • classifying commonly used informal expressions in Hindi, including colloquialisms and proverbs, into those that are easily understood when translated into English and those that require interpretation and explanation

  VCHIC098 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCHIU067

  Apply grammatical and lexical knowledge to work out the meaning of unfamiliar words, to form and spell new ones, to create compound sentences, to recognise and use prefixes and suffixes and to develop metalanguage

  Elaborations

  • strengthening vocabulary resources related to personal, social and educational worlds
  • applying phonic and grammatical knowledge to the spelling and writing of unfamiliar words such as वाक्यविन्यास
  • creating compound and complex sentences by using conjunctions such as मैं अभी लिखूँगा ताकि समय पूरा होने से पहले लेख खत्म कर लूँ।
  • recognising the function and form of commonly used suffixes and prefixes, for example, by collecting groups of words that share a base word, such as बुद्धि, सुबुद्धि, बुद्धिमान, बुद्धिमती
  • recognising and using idiomatic expressions such as आँख का तारा
  • using numbers in fraction, multiple and collective forms, such as आधा, चौथाई, एक तिहाई, सैंकड़ों, हज़ारों, तीन गुणा
  • continuing to build metalanguage to describe grammatical concepts and to organise learning resources such as verb charts, vocabulary lists, groups of pronouns, adverbs and adjectives
  • understanding and using basic joining (सन्धि) rules such as इ+आ = ए to achieve text cohesion
  • understanding the use of the active and passive voice according to context, for example, मैंने आपको बुलाया है। आपको बुलाया गया है।
  • using a range of tenses to describe routines and actions, for example, मैं दिल्ली जा रहा हूँ। मैं दिल्ली गया था। मैं दिल्ली जाऊँगा।
  • using adjectives in comparative structures such as राम थोड़ा लम्बा है। राधा हेमा से अधिक चतुर है।

  VCHIU067 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCHIU102

  Understand the relationship between the sounds of spoken Hindi and elements of the Devanagari script, such as the writing of conjunct characters and the combinations of consonants and matras

  Elaborations

  • building phonic awareness by recognising and experimenting with sounds and focusing on those that are new and initially difficult, for example, त, थ, ग, घ, ट, द, ध।
  • learning how the Hindi sound system is conventionally represented in the Devanagari sound system by the use of 13 letters classified as vowels (अ-अः) and 33 consonants (क-ह and ड़-ढ़)
  • recognising that a line on the top joins letters to make words in addition to leaving spaces between words बस, घर। अब घर चल।
  • recognising the matra form of vowels, such as ि, ी, and distinguishing long and short vowel sounds such as ि, ी
  • identifying and practising pronunciation of vowel sounds in conjunction with consonants कइ/कि, कई/की
  • understanding the formation of conjunct consonants such as क्ष, त्र, ज्ञ
  • imitating discrimination of unaspirated and aspirated sounds such as क-ख, द-ध।
  • understanding that Hindi vowels can be pronounced with a nasal quality added to them which is represented by either a (चँद्रबिंदु) or (बिंदु) above the headstroke, for example, हाँ, मैं
  • learning how the under-dotted characters क़, ख़, ग़, ज़, फ़ are used to represent loan sounds in Hindi from other languages such as English, Persian, Arabic, Turkish and Portuguese
  • understanding conventions by which new loan words are written in Hindi, for example, the way in which English ‘t’ and ‘d’ sounds are represented normally as ट and ड, the replacement of English ‘th’ sounds by थ and the ways in which English vowels such as short ‘a’ sounds are replaced by Hindi vowel sounds such as in डॉलर versus डालर

  VCHIU102 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language