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• VCVIU117

  Recognise the sounds and tones of spoken Vietnamese, and notice how they are represented in words and symbols

  Elaborations

  • identifying the 29 letters of the Vietnamese alphabet by their names and sounds as well as the five tone markers
  • building phonic awareness by recognising and experimenting with sounds and rhythms, focusing on letters that are similar in the English alphabet but produce different sounds in Vietnamese, for example, e and i, d and đ
  • developing pronunciation, phrasing and intonation skills by singing, reciting and repeating words and phrases
  • noticing that Vietnamese is a tonal language, and that pitch changes affect the meaning of words
  • understanding that although Vietnamese and English use the same alphabet there are additional symbols/markers that create more letters in Vietnamese
  • developing familiarity with similarities and differences in Vietnamese sound–letter correspondence, such as a, ă, â; e, ê; o, ô, ơ; u, ư; as well as c and k, i and y, s and x, and ch and tr
  • noticing that the same word with different tone markers has different meanings, for example, ma, mà, má, mả, mã and mạ
  • exploring Vietnamese spelling strategies such as grouping words according to initial letters that represent particular sounds, for example, h (hoa hồng, hát, học) or m (mẹ, má, mèo)
  • using single and consonant clusters, vowels and vowel clusters with tone markers to form and spell words, for example, ta, la, tha, nga
  • recognising and using lower and upper case letters

  VCVIU117 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• Vietnamese - F–10 Sequence: Foundation to Level 2 description

  Students become familiar with how the sounds and tones of the Vietnamese language are represented in words and symbols. They practise pronunciation through activities such as singing Vietnamese folk songs (đồng dao, ca dao), and experiment with sounds, single vowels, consonants, syllables, simple...

  Level description | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence

• VCVIC113

  Translate and interpret familiar Vietnamese words, phrases and expressions

  Elaborations

  • interpreting/translating greetings and other learnt words and phrases from Vietnamese into English, for example, cảm ơn (thanks), tạm biệt (goodbye), chào (hello), xin lỗi (sorry)
  • sharing familiar Vietnamese phrases and expressions with friends and interpreting their meaning, for example, Ngày mai gặp lại. Em tên gì? Em tên (là) Nam. Em bao nhiêu tuổi? Em bảy tuổi. Không có chi/gì
  • using Vietnamese and English to name familiar objects and conduct simple conversations, translating when necessary to help others understand
  • playing matching games with Vietnamese and English words from Big Books and picture books in print or digital form

  VCVIC113 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Translating

• VCVIC130

  Translate and interpret words and expressions in simple Vietnamese and English texts, noticing similarities and differences or non-equivalence of words and expressions

  Elaborations

  • identifying words and expressions in Vietnamese and English that do not readily translate, for example, phở, bánh chưng, áo dài, ‘bushwalking’, ‘the outback’
  • examining texts, including digital and multimodal texts, to identify how the meaning of words changes according to context, for example, a common Vietnamese homonym such as đá, which may mean ‘to kick’, ‘stone’ or ‘ice’ (as in trà đá); or the personal pronouns ‘I’ and ‘you’ in English, which can be translated as ông, bà, cô, chú, anh, chị, em, con or cháu in Vietnamese
  • noticing the diverse ways in which meaning is conveyed in Vietnamese and English, and differentiating between word-by-word translation and intended meaning, for example, Chúc (ông bà) sống lâu trăm tuổi (‘I wish you long life’) and Chúc cháu bé ngoan ăn, chóng lớn (‘I hope the baby eats well and grows fast’)
  • translating signs or phrases in familiar contexts from Vietnamese into English, for example, street signs, addresses and food labels, noting that some signs or symbols are universal, for example, the ‘Stop’ and ‘Peace’ signs, and the wi-fi and Olympic symbols

  VCVIC130 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• Vietnamese - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students use written and spoken Vietnamese to interact with peers and the teacher to exchange personal information (for example, Em tên Nam. Em mười hai tuổi. Em sinh ở Úc), describe feelings (for example, Em vui/hạnh phúc) and express preferences (for example

  Level description | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8

• VCVIC109

  Identify key words and specific information related to their personal world in simple spoken, written, digital and visual texts

  Elaborations

  • identifying familiar words or concepts related to familiar people, for example, Ðây là ba. Ðây là mẹ và chị, or everyday objects, for example, Đây là cái nhà. Đây là cái cổng. Đây là chiếc xe
  • viewing and/or listening to familiar texts such as posters, songs and short films to locate key words, for example, bìa tranh minh họa, truyện tranh, từ điển bằng hình, trò chơi xếp hình, học vần tiếng Việt
  • demonstrating comprehension of words and short sentences in familiar texts by pointing, labelling, matching, clicking and dragging, drawing and miming
  • using contextual and visual cues to identify main points when participating in shared reading of print and digital texts

  VCVIC109 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Informing

• VCVIC147

  Translate and interpret texts from Vietnamese into English and vice versa, noticing which words or concepts are easy or difficult to translate

  Elaborations

  • identifying words or phrases that are hard to translate, for example, food items (bánh chưng, bánh tét, bánh xèo, phở) or traditional customs (cúng ông bà, xin xăm, coi ngày, coi tuổi), and explaining possible reasons for difficulty of translation
  • translating and interpreting a range of simple texts, including idioms, from Vietnamese into English and vice versa, and developing strategies to deal with words that are difficult to translate, for example, tiên học lễ, hậu học văn, gần mực thì đen, gần đèn thì rạng/sáng, ăn vóc học hay
  • translating words and expressions in familiar texts, including multimodal and digital texts, such as greeting cards, menus, road signs or story titles, and considering how meaning may be interpreted from a different cultural perspective
  • comparing own translations of simple texts with peers’, commenting on differences between versions and collaborating to develop a whole-class version
  • exploring diverse ways in which meaning is conveyed in Vietnamese and English, such as multiple meanings of words, for example, ‘old’ may be translated as già or cũ, ngon as ‘tasty’, ‘delicious’, ‘mouthwatering’, ‘scrumptious’ or ‘rich’, and comparing synonyms for verbs, for example, ‘running’, ‘sprinting’, ‘dashing’, ‘jogging’ and chạy nhanh, chạy vụt, chạy bộ
  • examining the risks of literal (word-for-word) translation when translating expressions, idioms and proverbs, for example, ‘An eye for an eye’ should not be translated as Một con mắt cho một con mắt but as Ăn miếng trả miếng

  VCVIC147 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCVIC131

  Create simple bilingual texts such as signs or notices, digital picture dictionaries and word banks for the classroom and the school community

  Elaborations

  • creating bilingual resources for use in the classroom or school, for example, digital picture dictionaries and word lists, glossaries, or signs for the school environment
  • creating simple Vietnamese captions to accompany storybooks in English, such as Chú sâu đói bụng (The Very Hungry Caterpillar), and reading them to younger students
  • alternating between Vietnamese and English versions of games such as Mấy giờ rồi ông sói ơi?/What Time is it, Mr Wolf? and Oẳn tù tì, ra cái gì, ra cái này/Rock, Paper, Scissors
  • creating hand-made or digital greeting cards in both Vietnamese and English for different celebrations and traditions

  VCVIC131 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCVIC008

  Translate and interpret short texts from Vietnamese into English and vice versa, identifying aspects that are similar or different and words or phrases that translate easily or with difficulty

  Elaborations

  • translating information collaboratively and with teacher support, for example, menus, school timetables, directions, and school and public signs or notices, and recognising and explaining similarities and differences in language structures, for example, ga xe lửa/‘train station’, Ngày Làm Sạch Nước Úc/‘Clean Up Australia Day’, quẹo trái/‘turn left’, đi thẳng phía trước/‘go straight ahead’, Em không thích cái nón này, phải không? - Dạ, em không thích or Không, em thích mà/‘You don’t like this hat, do you?’ – ‘No, I don’t’ or ‘Yes, I do’
  • identifying words or phrases that are difficult to translate, for example, food items (bánh chưng, bánh tét, bánh xèo, phở) or traditional customs (cúng ông bà, xin xăm, coi ngày, coi tuổi), and explaining reasons for difficulty, such as lack of equivalent concepts or practices in either language
  • recognising changes required to sentence structure or word use in English–Vietnamese translation, for example, ‘This lesson is too hard to understand’ = Bài học này khó quá, tôi không hiểu được; ‘I can’t help laughing’ = Tôi không thể nhịn cười được
  • learning to use bilingual dictionaries and electronic translation tools, and identifying issues such as multiple meanings of words and the need to consider context or grammatical aspects to select relevant meaning, for example, giấy khen (‘merit certificate’) and hôn thú (‘marriage certificate’); chảy nước mắt (‘to shed tears’) but Hãy xé tờ giấy này đi! (‘Tear this paper off!’); Tôi biết chơi khúc côn cầu (‘I can play cricket’) and Tôi thấy một con dế trong vườn (‘I have seen a cricket in the garden’)

  VCVIC008 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCVIU118

  Understand some first elements of Vietnamese grammar, such as personal pronouns, frequently used nouns, adjectives, verbs and prepositions, and basic rules of word order in simple sentences

  Elaborations

  • noticing that there are multiple forms of personal pronouns in Vietnamese compared to English, for example, con, cháu, em, tôi, mình, anh, chị versus ‘I’ and ‘you’
  • using common adjectives such as to, nhỏ, cũ, mới, ngắn and dài to describe people, animals and objects, noticing that nouns come before adjectives, for example, áo xanh
  • using common verb forms, for example, ăn, uống, chơi, ngủ, đọc, nghe, viết, hỏi, trả lời, nói, thích
  • recognising common prepositions relating to location, for example, trong, ngoài, trên, dưới, ở giữa
  • using vocabulary relating to time, such as days of the week (thứ Hai, thứ Ba, thứ Tư), months of the year (tháng Giêng/tháng Một, tháng Hai, tháng Tư, tháng Chạp/Mười hai) and ‘o’clock time’ (một giờ, hai giờ)
  • developing vocabulary knowledge relating to the school context, for example, cái bảng, lớp học, giờ ra chơi, ăn trưa, sân chơi, cổng trường, thư viện
  • recognising basic structures of closed and open-ended questions, for example, Em thích nghe truyện cổ tích không? Tại sao em thích truyện ‘Cô bé quàng khăn đỏ’?
  • using some question words in familiar contexts, for example, ai, cái gì, ở đâu, bao nhiêu
  • recognising word order in simple sentences, noticing that the subject is placed before the predicate, for example, Em + đi học

  VCVIU118 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCVIU155

  Explore how the Vietnamese language has changed over time and how it has been influenced by dialects and accents across regions of Vietnam

  Elaborations

  • recognising ways in which the Vietnamese language has changed over time, for example, the romanisation of the writing system, the declining use of Sino-Vietnamese words such as quốc kỳ and sư phụ, and the increasing use of English words such as ‘OK’, ‘jeans’, ‘shopping’ and ‘hello’
  • recognising and understanding new and borrowed words, phrases and concepts that have been created or incorporated as a result of contact with other cultures, for example, kimono, koala, sushi, pizza, mì Ý (pasta), bánh mì kẹp thịt (hamburger), thức ăn nhanh (fast food)
  • understanding that Vietnamese has different dialects, such as Southern, Central and Northern Vietnamese, for example, má/mẹ (mother), ba/bố (father), dứa/thơm, khóm (pineapple)
  • distinguishing between the three main dialects in Vietnamese, for example, noticing that the Southern and Central Vietnamese dialects have fewer tone markers in spoken language than the Northern Vietnamese dialect
  • exploring the expansion of vocabulary in the Vietnamese language due to the influence of regional dialects, for example, Southerners have adopted some Northern words (ba mẹ) and vice versa (cù lần)

  VCVIU155 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCVIU186

  Understand and use compound sentence structures, conjunctions, and a range of language features, such as similes or rhetorical questions, and combine them with knowledge of Sino-Vietnamese words and abstract vocabulary to enhance communication and achieve particular effects

  Elaborations

  • using compound sentence structures to elaborate on ideas and clarify or justify opinions, for example, Con thích đi ăn ở nhà hàng mà mẹ tổ chức sinh nhật cho bà nội lúc bà qua Úc năm rồi vì chỗ đó thức ăn ngon mà lại rẻ nữa
  • sequencing and adding ideas, events and actions using a variety of high-level cohesive devices such as ngoài ra, hơn nữa, tuy nhiên and bên cạnh đó
  • comparing the meaning and use of Vietnamese and English conjunctions, such as càng … càng = ‘the more … the more …’ or ‘more and more’, vừa … vừa … = ‘both … and’, chẳng những … mà còn = ‘not only … but also’, không … mà cũng không = ‘neither … nor’, and using them in own speech and writing
  • using a range of sentence endings to soften commands, for example, Học bài đi chứ! Học bài đi nha!
  • using a range of words and expressions to express different levels of certainty in opinions, for example, Tôi đoán/nghĩ/tin/chắc chắn rằng …
  • expressing levels of possibility and certainty using lẽ ra, có thể là, chắc là, ắt hẳn là
  • explaining the effect of stylistic devices used in Vietnamese texts and using them to enhance communication, for example, Chẳng lẽ mình là người Việt mà lại không biết nói tiếng Việt sao? (rhetorical question); đi nhanh, ăn nhanh, nói nhanh (repetition); đẹp như tiên (simile); Hôm nay lạnh mặt trời đi ngủ sớm (personification)
  • understanding and using onomatopoeic words such as ầm ầm, ào ào, rào rào, rì rào, róc rách, tí tách, đì đùng in own spoken and written texts, for example, sấm chớp ầm ầm, mưa rơi tí tách, gió thổi rì rào, suối chảy róc rách, pháo nổ đì đùng
  • exploring the meaning of Sino-Vietnamese words and providing their equivalents in modern Vietnamese, for example, tổ quốc = đất nước, phụ mẫu = cha mẹ, phụ nữ = đàn bà, huynh đệ = anh em, phi trường= sân bay, lương thực = đồ ăn
  • understanding and using common Sino-Vietnamese words as appropriate to context (such as for formal occasions), for example, hội phụ nữ, not hội đàn bà; viện dưỡng lão, not nhà người già
  • understanding and using abstract nouns, adjectives and verbs to express abstract or sophisticated concepts and attitudes, for example, Không gì có thể sánh bằng công ơn và tình thương của cha mẹ đối với con cái. Phụ nữ Việt Nam hết lòng tận tụy, hy sinh cho gia đình
  • using specialised vocabulary to discuss a range of topics of interest, for example, the environment (ô nhiễm môi trường, tái chế, năng lượng sạch), technology (an toàn trên mạng, nhật ký điện tử, mạng lưới toàn cầu), and migration (tỵ nạn, di dân, định cư, hội nhập, thường trú nhân, quốc tịch)
  • using sympathetic language to signal empathy, restraint or indirect disagreement, for example, Tôi hiểu/rất thông cảm với bạn …, Thôi bạn đừng buồn nữa …, Thôi được rồi, khoan đã

  VCVIU186 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCVIU029

  Apply knowledge of sounds, tones and spelling to spoken and written Vietnamese, inferring the meaning of unfamiliar words encountered in a range of contexts, and explore intonation patterns and pauses in a range of sentences

  Elaborations

  • applying Vietnamese phonic and spelling knowledge to pronounce and infer spelling of unfamiliar words, for example, words containing consonant clusters kh, ng, ngh, nh, diphthongs and triphthongs such as ôi, ơi, oe, oai, ươi, ương, uyên, or new words encountered in interactions and texts in Vietnamese, for example, determining the spelling of the unfamiliar word người from that of the known word mười
  • understanding and applying Vietnamese spelling and pronunciation with increasing accuracy in own speech and writing
  • recognising the differences in intonation between statements (Con không đi chơi đâu.), questions (Con không đi chơi đâu à?) and exclamations (Con không đi chơi đâu!)
  • recognising and using appropriate rhythm in complex sentences, using pauses and intonation to signal clause boundaries and emphasis, for example, Con thích cái áo mà mẹ tặng cho con hôm sinh nhật vừa rồi
  • comparing own Vietnamese speech with standard Vietnamese pronunciation and making adjustments to their pronunciation of certain sounds or tones as necessary
  • recognising regional variations in pronunciation (from different regions such as the North, the Central and the South), for example, different ways of pronouncing dấu hỏi and dấu ngã, s and x, ch as tr, v/gi and d, and final consonants such as -t and -c (khuôn mặt and mặc áo), and developing strategies to understand meaning when listening to diverse regional Vietnamese accents, for example, inferring meaning from the context of communication
  • understanding that spelling follows standardised rules even though there are variations in Vietnamese pronunciation across different regions of Vietnam

  VCVIU029 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCVIU013

  Develop knowledge of common grammatical elements and structures such as nouns, personal pronouns, adjectives, verbs, compound words, adverbs of frequency, conjunctions, statements, negations and questions, to describe events, actions and qualities of people and objects, and to express courtesy...

  Elaborations

  • recognising that Vietnamese has multiple words for personal pronouns, for example, con, cháu, em and tôi can be used to indicate both first and second person depending on relationships
  • using appropriate terms of address for diverse speakers in different contexts, for example, ông, bà, anh, chị, em
  • understanding that personal pronouns in Vietnamese do not change according to their grammatical function as in English, for example, Anh ta biết tôi nhưng tôi không biết anh ta (‘He knows me but I don’t know him’)
  • exploring and using pluralisation of nouns, for example, hai cái áo (‘two shirts’), những/nhiều/các ngôi nhà (‘houses’), making connections and comparisons between Vietnamese and English
  • understanding the position of nouns and adjectives in Vietnamese compared to English, for example, một học sinh giỏi versus ‘a good student’
  • using concrete nouns related to self, family, home, school and the local environment, including loan words from other languages, for example, thức ăn, quần áo, gia đình, cha mẹ, trường học, học sinh, thầy cô, bạn bè, chợ, nhà hàng, trạm xe lửa, tivi, game, internet, email, canteen, gara sale, online shopping, sushi, pizza, McDonald, chocolate, cà rốt, ya-ua, nhẩm xà/yumcha
  • using adjectives to describe the appearance and personality of people, places, events, actions and objects, for example, già, trẻ, rộng lớn, chật hẹp, quan trọng, thú vị, anh hùng, mắc, rẻ, tốt, xấu
  • exploring and using synonyms, for example, chăm chỉ = siêng năng; ngăn nắp = gọn gàng, and antonyms, for example, tốt ≠ xấu; mới ≠ cũ; ngày ≠ đêm; nóng ≠ lạnh
  • recognising and using Vietnamese prefixes such as vô and bất to form antonyms, for example, lễ phép ≠ vô phép; có duyên ≠ vô duyên; lịch sự ≠ bất lịch sự; cẩn thận ≠ bất cẩn
  • using adverbs to modify verbs and adjectives, and to indicate time, for example, chạy nhanh, học giỏi, hát hay, đẹp lắm, hay quá, hôm qua, ngày mai, tuần rồi, tháng tới
  • experimenting with the use of prepositions (trên, dưới, trong, ngoài, ở giữa), for example, ở trên trời, ở trên bàn, ở dưới đất, ở nhà, ở thành phố, ở ngoài đường
  • recognising possessive cases using formation of noun + pronoun/noun or của, for example, ba mẹ (của) tôi, anh/chị (của) tôi, nhà/trường/lớp (của) tôi
  • using some honorific words to express courtesy, for example, dạ, dạ thưa, kính thưa, kính chào
  • joining words, phrases and sentences using common simple conjunctions, for example, Tôi và bạn, Cuối tuần bạn thường đi bơi hay đi xem phim? Tôi thích ăn phở nhưng chị tôi thích ăn mì
  • understanding that Vietnamese does not conjugate verbs according to number, gender and/or tense, for example, Tôi/Bạn tôi thích phim hoạt họa
  • understanding and describing past, current and future events using appropriate terms for time expressions such as đã, sẽ, đang, chưa, rồi, for example, Tôi ăn rồi. Tôi đã sống ở đây hai năm. Ngày mai tôi sẽ đi coi phim
  • using simple sentence structures (subject + predicate) to construct affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences, including closed and open-ended questions with ai, cái gì, gì, nào, ở đâu, thế nào, tại sao, for example, Tôi thích ăn cơm. Tôi không thích ăn cháo. Bạn thích ăn cơm không? Bạn thích ăn món gì? Tại sao bạn thích bộ phim này? Bạn thích ca sĩ nào?
  • understanding word order in questions, noticing that question words are placed at the end of sentences in Vietnamese, for example, Tên em là gì? Nhà em ở đâu?
  • understanding and using a range of Vietnamese comparative and superlative forms, for example, đẹp, đẹp hơn, đẹp nhất
  • understanding and applying the rules of compound word formation, for example, trường + học = trường học; học + hành = học hành, to generate words for enhancing conversations
  • understanding the use of appropriate punctuation in writing, for example, full stops, commas and exclamation marks

  VCVIU013 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCVIU134

  Experiment with pronunciation and spelling of Vietnamese vowels, consonants and tone markers

  Elaborations

  • identifying similarities and differences between Vietnamese and English pronunciation, and adapting learnt spelling strategies from one language to the other
  • exploring the Vietnamese sound system and making connections between letters, sounds and tone markers in words, for example, adding or changing tone markers to form new words (co, cò, có, cỏ, cọ)
  • recognising common Vietnamese sounds in words, for example, nguyên âm đôi, and using spelling strategies to identify and produce words that have the same sounds, for example, ao: áo, táo, vào and ơi: chơi, với, tới
  • analysing sounds such as diphthongs and triphthongs (nguyên âm đôi và nguyên âm ba) and rhyming patterns (vần điệu) when listening to Vietnamese songs, and grouping words according to their pronunciation and sounds, for example, uơi: cười, tươi, người and iên: liền, miền, điền, tiền
  • developing and applying spelling strategies when writing frequently used words and more difficult words, for example, ưa, mưa, đưa, chưa, and forming new words, for example, cái, mái, lái, thái, trái

  VCVIU134 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCVIU012

  Recognise the features of the Vietnamese sound and writing system, including tones and tone markers, and explore Vietnamese pronunciation and spelling rules

  Elaborations

  • exploring the Vietnamese alphabet, identifying letters that have no equivalent in the English alphabet, such as ă, â, ê, ô, ơ, ư and đ, and vice versa (f, w, z)
  • reading, listening to and reproducing Vietnamese words with different tone markers, recognising that Vietnamese is a tonal language, and understanding that pitch changes affect the meaning of a word, for example, ma (‘ghost’), mà (‘but’/‘that’), má (‘mother’), mả (‘grave’), mã (‘horse’), mạ (‘rice seedling’)
  • listening to, reading and reproducing Vietnamese words with the same monophthongs or diphthongs, for example, đi thi, bà già, mai, nai, vài bài, developing awareness of sound–letter relationships to establish concepts of Vietnamese spelling rules
  • identifying words with the same syllables, including monophthongs, diphthongs and triphthongs, for example, nho nhỏ, đo đỏ, ngày nay, máy may, người người cười tươi, when listening to songs and reading poems
  • differentiating between consonant blends that are pronounced similarly such as ch and tr, d and gi, s and x, for example, che chở versus cây tre; hung dữ versus giữ nhà; cá sấu versus xấu quá
  • understanding and applying spelling rules for special cases such as the initial consonant k and consonant clusters kh, gh, ngh can go with the vowels i, e, ê only, for example, kể, khi, nghỉ, ghe, nghe, nghề, and rules relating to middle tone markers dấu hỏi and dấu ngã for Vietnamese alliterations (ngang, sắc, hỏi and huyền, ngã, nặng), such as in mát mẻ, vui vẻ; bẽ bàng, hờ hững
  • applying Vietnamese spelling rules, including adding or changing initial consonants, vowels or tone markers, to form new words, for example, đi thi, bà già, hai tai, mười người, ba và bà, no nê, thủ thỉ, nho nhỏ, nho đỏ, gió to, tươi cười
  • identifying similarities in the Vietnamese pronunciation of Chinese, French and English loan words such as sư phụ, toilet, gara, tivi, video

  VCVIU012 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCVIU151

  Recognise and apply features of intonation and pronunciation and writing conventions used in different types of texts and contexts

  Elaborations

  • applying basic pronunciation rules, including adding or changing tone markers, initial consonants or vowels to form new words, for example, buổi, cuối, đuổi, tuổi, chuối
  • understanding and reproducing Vietnamese words with different tone markers, and understanding that pitch changes affect the meaning of a word, for example, thương, thường, thưởng, thượng
  • understanding the variability of sound–letter matches and distinguishing between similar sounds such as ch and tr, s and x (chai/trai or song/xong)
  • exploring Vietnamese sounds such as heterographs, for example, giai and dai, dây and giây, and homonyms, for example, bàn (bàn bạc) or bàn (cái bàn)
  • analysing Vietnamese pronunciation and intonation, for example, Anh ăn trưa chưa? Anh chưa ăn trưa? and Anh chưa ăn trưa
  • applying Vietnamese spelling rules, for example, k, gh and ngh only go with i, e, and ê (kiến, kẻ, kể, ghi, ghe, ghế, nghỉ, nghe, nghệ)
  • comparing Vietnamese words that end with i and y, and identifying words that are commonly misspelled, such as tai and tay, mai and may, ngài and ngày
  • using appropriate punctuation in writing, including commas, full stops, question marks, semicolons, colons, inverted commas and exclamation marks

  VCVIU151 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• Vietnamese - F–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 description

  Students use appropriate pronunciation, accent and intonation patterns and spelling in a range of sentences, such as statements, questions and exclamations. By building their language knowledge, students are able to develop and express more complex concepts in Vietnamese. They use a range of grammatical...

  Level description | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence

• Vietnamese - F–10 Sequence: Levels 3 and 4 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 4, students use Vietnamese to interact with the teacher and peers to exchange information and experiences relating to themselves, their family and friends. They use formulaic expressions to participate in simple transactional exchanges and collaborative activities, and to seek...

  Level description | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4

• Vietnamese - F–10 Sequence: Levels 5 and 6 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 6, students use spoken and written Vietnamese for classroom interactions and to share ideas and opinions and express feelings. They exchange information about aspects of their daily life, school, friends and leisure activities. They make shared decisions and arrangements, organise...

  Level description | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6