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• VCELA324

  Understand how noun groups/phrases and adjective groups/phrases can be expanded in a variety of ways to provide a fuller description of the person, place, thing or idea

  Elaborations

  • learning how to expand a description by combining a related set of nouns and adjectives – ‘Two old brown cattle dogs sat on the ruined front veranda of the deserted house’
  • observing how descriptive details can be built up around a noun or an adjective, forming a group/phrase (for example, ‘this very smelly cleaning cloth in the sink’ is a noun group/phrase and ‘as pretty as the flowers in May’ is an adjective group/phrase)

  VCELA324 | Curriculum content | English | Level 5 | Writing | Language

• VCESU121

  Notice and apply grammatical rules such as those relating to gender, simple verb forms and definite articles when describing people, places, things and relationships

  Elaborations

  • learning the structure of simple affirmative/negative statements and questions based on models, for example, No tengo perro. Gloria come verduras. ¿María tiene cinco años?
  • recognising definite and indefinite articles with nouns, for example, la mesa, una mesa; el niño, un niño
  • noticing that adjectives usually follow nouns and are used to describe the colour, size, shape or characteristics of a person, place or object, for example, la casa grande, el balón gris, la silla amarilla, un auto azul, una mesa cuadrada, una niña alta
  • noticing and using singular masculine or feminine forms of nouns and adjectives, for example, el plátano delicioso, la canción chilena
  • understanding and responding to basic familiar instructions and imperatives, for example, siéntate, escucha, cierra la puerta, silencio
  • observing gender in patterns of naming, for example, Julio/Julia, Patricio/Patricia
  • using subject pronouns to identify people, objects or animals, for example, Yo, tú, él, ella
  • building vocabulary related to familiar environments (lápiz, casa, mamá, papá), and using cognates such as animal, color, triángulo, familia…
  • learning simple verbs to express likes and dislikes, for example, comer, bailar, hablar, correr, jugar and caminar, and using them in modelled and formulaic expressions such as No me gusta correr/caminar; ¿Te gusta este juguete?
  • using singular possessive adjectives, for example, mi casa, mi hermano, tu amiga

  VCESU121 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCITC001

  Interact with the teacher and peers to greet, to introduce themselves, and to name and describe favourite things, friends, family members and special talents, through action-related talk and play

  Elaborations

  • using simple greetings relevant to the time of day, the celebration or event, and their relationship to the person, for example, Ciao! Buongiorno! Arrivederci! Tanti auguri! Buona Pasqua. Buon Natale
  • introducing themselves, for example, Come ti chiami? Mi chiamo …, e tu? Quanti anni hai? Ho sette anni, e tu? Come stai?
  • naming family members and friends, for example, mio fratello Carlo; il papà Tom
  • understanding single words and simple phrases, and indicating comprehension through actions such as pointing to an object, selecting a picture card or flashcard to demonstrate the phrase heard, and matching games in digital form, for example, personal objects: la cartella, la bambola, la palla; school objects: il quaderno, la matita, i colori, il banco; toys and games: il treno, la bicicletta
  • indicating possession (as set phrases), for example, la mia penna, il mio cane, il mio papà, la mia mamma
  • answering simple questions with short spoken and written responses and using flashcards, word lists, posters, photos and multimedia slides, for example, Quanti anni hai? Hai un animale?
  • talking about and describing people and belongings, using familiar formulaic expressions, for example, Questo/a è,. Ecco il mio pallone
  • talking about simple actions in the present tense, for example, Gioco a football, Mangio la pizza
  • using formulaic phrases, for example, Grazie! Prego. Scusa. Per favore. Bene. Molto bene. Perché? Buon appetito!
  • expressing satisfaction/dissatisfaction, for example, Sì; no; mi piace; non mi piace
  • copying words and reading them aloud, matching pictures and words, or choosing from sentences provided to express ideas, for example, È Marco. È grande. È bravo
  • imitating Italian speech, using Italian patterns of intonation, pronunciation and stress, and incorporating appropriate gestures and body language

  VCITC001 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCJAC127

  Interact with the teacher and peers to exchange information about self, family, friends and favourite things, and likes and dislikes, and to express praise, support and respect for others

  Elaborations

  • introducing self using formal spoken language and appropriate non-verbal language such as bowing, for example, はじめまして、 Julie　です、九(きゅう)さい　です、おんがく　が　すき　です、どうぞ　よろしく
  • exchanging information and building vocabulary to communicate about self, friends or family, using simple statements such as かぞく　は　六人　です。おとうさん　と　おかあさん　と　おねえさん　と　ぼく　と　いもうと　と　あかちゃん　です。いもうと　 は　五さい　 です。おかあさん　は　やさしい　です。
  • asking and answering factual questions relating to concepts such as time, place or number, using formulaic structures and familiar expressions, for example, かぞく　は　なんにん　です　か。3 人　です。いつ　です　か。五月(ごがつ)　です。なんじ　です　か。三じ　です。どこ　です　か。
  • showing interest in and respect for others, such as by expressing praise or encouragement, using formulaic expressions, for example, だいじょうぶ？たいへん？むずかしい？すごい（です）ね、やさしいね、おもしろいね、じょうずですね、かっこいいね、たのしかった？
  • communicating about activities and shared experiences, for example, place　に　いきました。 food を　たべました。 drink　を　のみます。 activity/sports　を　しましょう/しました。おいしかった　 です。

  VCJAC127 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCLVC153

  Participate in guided tasks that involve following instructions, making things, cooperating with peers, planning for and conducting shared events, activities or school performances

  Elaborations

  • participating in excursions with respected community members to experience story places or keeping places, listening to associated stories
  • visiting community centres, art centres or language centres and recording the experiences, for example, by developing a digital presentation or photo-story
  • working with respected community members to develop a short ‘Welcome to Country/Place’ and/or ‘Acknowledgment of Country/Place’ to use at formal school functions or community events
  • working together on collaborative tasks, such as designing posters, menus or invitations for special events, designing class bush tucker or a garden, creating picture books for buddy classes
  • interacting with respected community members/community speakers, following instructions, for example when making an artefact, creating an art work or preparing bush tucker, using hand signs as appropriate
  • participating in and sharing responses to local cultural events and celebrations
  • participating in national celebrations and significant events, for example, NAIDOC Week, Reconciliation Week, Harmony Day, labelling and captioning photos for a class display and sharing responses through class discussion
  • creating a skit, performance or action game to introduce a buddy class to aspects of the language and associated culture, for example, individual words, gestures or expressions associated with common exchanges such as introductions, items and artefacts
  • engaging in shared tasks which involve planning and collaborating, for example, preparing, rehearsing and conducting public presentations and performances, such as an item for a school assembly or a digital presentation about a significant event
  • giving directions, for example, to guide others to specific locations

  VCLVC153 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCNRU015

  Recognise that the greetings and forms of address in the language being studied may vary according to such things as the time of day, age, gender and relationship of participants

  Elaborations

  • using appropriate form of address or greeting with peers when speaking to adults and appropriate greeting depending on the time of day
  • recognising that there can be different forms of address for the same person, for example, mum, mother

  VCNRU015 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCSSU128

  Global systems, including the carbon cycle, rely on interactions involving the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere

  Elaborations

  • modelling a nutrient cycle within the biosphere, for example, the carbon, nitrogen or phosphorus cycle
  • investigating how human activity affects global systems
  • distinguishing between 'natural' and 'enhanced' greenhouse effects
  • investigating the effect of climate change on sea levels and biodiversity

  VCSSU128 | Science | Levels 9 and 10 | Science Understanding | Earth and space sciences

• Intercultural Capability: Levels 7 and 8 description

  In Levels 7 and 8, the curriculum focus is on developing the knowledge, skills and understandings to reflect on how cultural practices and beliefs contributes to individual, group and national identities. This includes religious beliefs, traditional celebrations and customs, social relationships...

  Level description | Capabilities | Intercultural Capability

• VCECU019

  Investigate the connections and distinctions between and the relative value of concepts including fairness and equality, and respect and tolerance

  Elaborations

  • discussing whether fairness and equality are the same thing, and if not, which is more important, using examples such as affirmative action, concessions for those with special needs, or differences in tax rates
  • discussing whether there are distinctions in attitudes of respect and tolerance, in relation to, for example, different views on child vaccination
  • discussing why punishments may be unequal and whether this is fair, for example, if applied to the same case in court or in a sporting tribunal

  VCECU019 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding Concepts

• VCARU118

  Recognise that Australia has speakers of many different languages, including Arabic, and that languages borrow words from one another

  Elaborations

  • understanding that the world contains many different languages and that many people around the world speak more than one language
  • recognising that Arabic has borrowed many words from English, for example, إنترنت؛ كومبيوتر؛ تلفاز , and that English has borrowed words from Arabic, such as ‘admiral’, ‘candy’, ‘coffee’, ‘cotton’, ‘genie’, ‘sugar’ and ‘sultan’
  • exploring the range of languages spoken in Australia, including Aboriginal languages and Torres Strait Islander languages

  VCARU118 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• Classical Greek: Levels 9 and 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 10, students analyse a range of Classical Greek texts to obtain information and ideas about ancient Greek society and culture. They use vocabulary, grammar and textual cues to analyse and interpret language use and cultural references in Classical Greek texts, such as poetry...

  Level description | Languages | Classical Greek | Levels 9 and 10

• German - F–10 Sequence: Levels 5 and 6 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 6, students use written and spoken German for classroom interactions, to carry out transactions, and to share ideas and opinions, relate experiences and express feelings. They use complete sentences in familiar contexts to ask questions such as, Bist du fertig? Was machst du...

  Level description | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6

• The Arts | Music: Learning in Music

  In Music, students listen to, compose and perform music in a wide range of styles from diverse cultures, times and locations. Listening underpins all music learning. Students compose and perform music using the voice, body, instruments, found sound sources, and digital technologies. As composers...

  Overview material | Music

• Hindi - F–10 Sequence: Levels 3 and 4 description

  Students recognise and apply elements of Hindi grammar, such as the use of tenses, गया था, जाऊँगा, जा रहा हूँ, खाया था, खा रहा हूँ, खाऊँगा, possessive adjectives, मेरी पुस्तक, तुम्हारा बस्ता, and pronouns for places and objects, यहाँ, वहाँ, यह, वह. They understand the use of constructions related...

  Level description | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence

• VCSIS027

  Supported to use the senses to identify some characteristics

  Elaborations

  • using the senses to identify some characteristics of familiar living things, for example, colour, texture, smell and sound
  • using objects and materials in a more purposeful way, for example, intentionally using an object to cause an effect, bouncing a ball

  VCSIS027 | Science | Level C | Science Inquiry Skills | Planning and conducting

• History: Levels 7 and 8 description

  The Ancient World to the Modern World

  In Levels 7 and 8, students study history from the time of the earliest human communities to the end of the ancient period, approximately 60 000 BC (BCE) – c.650 AD (CE). It also covers the period from the end of the ancient period to the beginning of...

  Level description | The Humanities | History

• Economics and Business: Levels 9 and 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 10, students describe how resources are allocated and distributed in the Australian economy and the way economic performance is measured. They provide explanations for variations in economic performance and standards of living within and between economies. Students explain...

  Level description | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 9 and 10

• Geography: Level D description

  The Level D curriculum focuses on the features of places where students live focusing on developing student’s awareness, understanding and purpose of a place. Students are encouraged to be curious about a place and explore its local area. They use their senses to explore the tangible characteristics...

  Level description | The Humanities | Geography

• VCGRCU026

  Understand that Greek became the dominant language of the ancient Mediterranean world and facilitated the spread of Greek civilisation and culture, and that Classical Greek continues to enrich English through specialist vocabulary and abstract concepts embodied in the language

  Elaborations

  • recognising that, from the Hellenistic period onwards, Koine Greek developed from Classical Greek to become the lingua franca of Eastern Mediterranean lands and the language of the New Testament
  • discussing the spread of Greek influence across the Mediterranean and Black Sea, including the use of Greek as the common language for government, trade, commerce, education and law
  • investigating how the Greek language allowed the spread of innovative Greek ideas in the areas of science, medicine, mathematics, historiography, geography and philosophy, for example, μαθηματικά, γεωγραφία, ἱστορία, φιλοσοφία
  • recognising that there were many dialects of Greek spoken in antiquity, such as Doric, Aeolic, Arcado–Cypriot
  • exploring famous centres of Greek learning and culture such as Alexandria, Antioch and Ephesus
  • recognising the spread of Greek ideas in the Roman world, shown by the use of borrowed Greek vocabulary in Latin to denote such concepts as stadium, palaestra, rhetor theatrum, comedia, stoica, philosophia
  • exploring abstract concepts derived from Classical Greek, such as philanthropy, idol, autonomy, paradox, aesthetics, nostalgia, agony
  • exploring and discussing the meaning of Classical Greek sayings used in literature, such as μηδὲν ἄγαν, γνῶθι σαυτόν, μολὼν λαβέ
  • recognising words in English that are a hybrid of Classical Greek and Latin, for example, metalanguage, quantum physics, teleconference, television, automobile
  • discussing Classical Greek derivatives that are used in fields such as business and education, for example, macroeconomics, monopoly, pedagogy, syllabus
  • examining the Classical Greek roots of English words in subjects across the school curriculum, such as theorem, metaphor, photosynthesis, chlorine, atom, planet, geophysical, ecosystem, orchestra, music, scene, dialogue, chorus, athletics
  • identifying Classical Greek roots in English scientific, technical and medical terminology, for example, catalyst, aerodynamic, pathogen, bacteria, atherosclerosis, acne, asthma, chromatography, symmetry, thermometer, seismic
  • exploring how Classical Greek is used to coin terms for new technology and new discoveries in science and medicine in the modern world, such as gigabyte, nanotechnology, antioxidant, polymer, genotype, triglyceride
  • applying knowledge of Classical Greek to form plurals of borrowed English words, for example, criterion/criteria, phenomenon/phenomena, crisis/crises, thesis/theses, stigma/stigmata
  • discussing the enduring use of Classical Greek in religious contexts, for example, κύριε ἐλέησον, Χριστὀς, ἐκκλησία, βάπτισμα, συναγωγή, κλῆρος, ἄγγελος, πρεσβύτερος, ὕμνος, βίβλος, εὐαγγέλιον

  VCGRCU026 | Languages | Classical Greek | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | The powerful influence of language and culture

• Languages | Latin: Rationale and Aims

  Rationale

  The study of Latin allows students to enter and explore ancient worlds that have shaped contemporary life and societies. Authentic engagement with seminal works of great literature and antiquities gives direct access to ancient ways of living in and viewing the world, and an appreciation...

  Overview material | Latin