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• VCELA062

  Recognise the connection between words, images, sounds and everyday objects

  Elaborations

  • recognising the words associated with classroom activities and actions
  • making choices as a way to explore the connection between an object and its spoken name, image or sign
  • making simple requests

  VCELA062 | Curriculum content | English | Level B | Speaking and Listening | Language

• VCELA110

  Explore connection between words, objects and images in stories and informative texts

  Elaborations

  • learning that text can provide information about an image
  • understanding that words can be used to describe an image
  • learning that words and images can be used to tell a story about an event

  VCELA110 | Curriculum content | English | Level D | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA191

  Recognise and know how to use simple grammatical morphemes in word families

  Elaborations

  • building word families from common morphemes (for example 'play', 'plays', 'playing', 'played', 'playground')
  • using morphemes to read words (for example by recognising the 'stem' in words such as 'walk/ed')

  VCELA191 | Curriculum content | English | Level 1 | Writing | Language

• VCELA333

  Understand that the pronunciation, spelling and meanings of words have histories and change over time

  Elaborations

  • recognising that a knowledge of word origins is not only interesting in its own right, but that it extends students’ knowledge of vocabulary and spelling
  • exploring examples of words in which pronunciation, writing and meaning has changed over time, including words from a range of cultures

  VCELA333 | Curriculum content | English | Level 5 | Speaking and Listening | Language

• VCELA348

  Understand that cohesive links can be made in texts by omitting or replacing words

  Elaborations

  • noting how writers often substitute a general word for a more specific word already mentioned, thus creating a cohesive link between the words (for example, ‘Look at those apples. Can I take these big ones?’, where ‘ones’ substitutes for ‘apples’)
  • noting how writers often substitute a general word for a more specific word already mentioned, thus creating a cohesive link between the words (for example 'Look at those apples. Can I have one?')
  • recognising how cohesion can be developed through repeating key words or by using synonyms or antonyms
  • observing how relationships between concepts can be represented visually through similarity, contrast, juxtaposition, repetition, class-subclass diagrams, part-whole diagrams, cause-and-effect figures, visual continuities and discontinuities

  VCELA348 | Curriculum content | English | Level 6 | Writing | Language

• VCELA145

  Explore the different contribution of words and images to meaning in stories and informative texts

  Elaborations

  • talking about how a ‘different’ story is told if we read only the words, or only the pictures; and the story that words and pictures make when combined
  • exploring how the combination of print and images in texts create meaning

  VCELA145 | Curriculum content | English | Foundation Level | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA094

  Recognise that words, images and actions have the same meaning across environments

  Elaborations

  • recognising and communicating the label for everyday objects
  • showing some of the ways to maintain an interaction between self and others using verbal- vocal exchange, sign or augmentative and alternative communication
  • recognising and following simple multi-word directions

  VCELA094 | Curriculum content | English | Level C | Speaking and Listening | Language

• VCESU124

  Understand that the English and Spanish languages borrow words from each other

  Elaborations

  • recognising words in Spanish that are borrowed from English (email, chat, bacon) and words in English that are borrowed from Spanish (patio, siesta, taco, tango, burrito, mosquito)
  • comparing how Spanish words that are used in everyday life in Australia (poncho, chocolate, tapas, paella, chorizo) are pronounced by speakers of English and Spanish

  VCESU124 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCHPEM028

  Follow basic single word instructions when participating in structured physical activities

  Elaborations

  • waiting for and attending to teacher directions
  • wearing safety equipment during some physical activities
  • responding to single-word safety instructions from a familiar adult, including ‘stop’, ‘wait’, ‘come’
  • learning how to use equipment appropriately

  VCHPEM028 | Health and Physical Education | Level B | Movement and Physical Activity | Learning through movement

• VCHPEP047

  Identify emotional responses and describe their feelings using pictures and/or words

  Elaborations

  • identifying situations when they might feel angry, afraid, happy, sad, lonely, anxious or excited
  • learning to differentiate emotional responses and become aware of the causes of their emotions
  • behaving appropriately in different familiar social settings and adhering to class practices
  • learning and using appropriate language and actions to communicate their feelings in different situations

  VCHPEP047 | Health and Physical Education | Level D | Personal, Social and Community Health | Communicating and interacting for health and wellbeing

• VCITU017

  Recognise that Italian and English borrow words from each other

  Elaborations

  • noticing words in Italian that are the same as in English, for example, computer, sport
  • noticing Italian words and phrases used in everyday life in Australia, for example, in the world of food (gelato, spaghetti), music (opera, forte, piano) and the arts (fresco)
  • observing that some of the Italian words which do not end with a vowel are also used in English, for example, robot, yogurt

  VCITU017 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCJAU193

  Use knowledge of familiar kanji to predict meaning of unknown words

  Elaborations

  • understanding that kanji are used for nouns, stems of verbs and adjectives, and some adverbs, and that the addition of hiragana to the stem of verbs and adjectives is called okurigana
  • recognising that many kanji have multiple readings and that there are two types of readings, that is, on-yomi (音; on ‘reading’ or ‘sound’), Chinese-style pronunciation; and kun-yomi (訓; kun ‘reading’ or ‘explanation’), Japanese-style pronunciation
  • developing strategies to guess the meaning of unknown words that contain unfamiliar kanji, utilising clues such as radicals
  • writing some kanji compound words, for example, 外国語(がいこくご), 日本料理(にほんりょうり)

  VCJAU193 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCKOU131

  Recognise that languages change continuously and borrow words from each other

  Elaborations

  • recognising loan words originating from other languages, for example, 코알라, 캥거루, 펭귄, 초코렛, 아이스크림
  • identifying Korean words used in English contexts, for example, taekwondo, kimchi

  VCKOU131 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCLVU142

  Recognise the function of different word types and understand basic elements of language structures

  Elaborations

  • understanding that words in the language have different functions, for example, words for things, words for actions, and that these functions are also found in other languages, such as English
  • identifying people, places, things and events using:
    • nouns, for example, family, kinship, plants/ animals, items in immediate natural and built environments
    • pronouns, for example, personal, interrogative, kinship, demonstrative
    • verbs for simple actions, states and processes
    • terms to qualify, quantify, classify or compare things, for example, size, colour, number
    • adverbs, for example, of location, time and manner
    • simple forms of negation
  • becoming aware of how word order may differ from English, for example, noun + qualifier vs qualifier + noun, ’child happy’ vs ’happy child’
  • recognising the use of common affixes on nouns, for example, the man’s dog’’, to the river’’, in the sea’’
  • learning the use of common affixes on verbs, for example, to indicate tense or mood
  • understanding and using metalanguage to describe word types, for example, noun, pronoun, verb
  • understanding that some parts of the language may have fallen into disuse and not be known today
  • noticing that new words can be formed from within the language itself, rather than borrowed from other languages
  • noticing that compared to English some words may be left out (ellipsis), or must be included or repeated in phrases and sentences, for example, “(it) went”, “big (dog) ate (it)”

  VCLVU142 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCMMG065

  Follow simple directional words to locate or move an object ‘on’, ‘in’ or ‘under’

  Elaborations

  • following multiple positional directions during everyday situations, for example, chants, songs or rhymes with repeated actions, completing an art, cooking or drawing activity, locating a tool or completing a job
  • developing consistency and fluency in communicating and interpreting directional and positional words
  • using everyday location language to explain where an object is

  VCMMG065 | Mathematics | Level D | Measurement and Geometry | Location and transformation

• VCNRC004

  Identify key words and information with guidance in simple written, spoken and visual texts

  Elaborations

  • listening for key words in stories, rhymes or songs, using intonation and visual cues
  • identifying key words from different written and spoken texts by labelling, matching, clicking and dragging, miming and using actions, for example, on an interactive whiteboard
  • obtaining information from multimodal texts to identify, describe, draw and name a variety of people and objects
  • sorting and categorising information, using graphic representations such as tables, for example, to record likes and dislikes, singular/plural words

  VCNRC004 | Languages | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Informing

• VCNRU063

  Refine pronunciation, spell frequently used words and apply accurate punctuation to writing

  Elaborations

  • identifying differences in tone, intonation and rhythm
  • applying punctuation and spelling rules to own writing
  • experimenting with pronunciation of less familiar texts

  VCNRU063 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCRAU080

  Understand pronunciation and intonation conventions, and apply to new words and a range of complex sentences

  Elaborations

  • recognising the role of stress and rhythm in creating emphasis, for example, recurring patterns, chorus, rhymes and onomatopoeia
  • noticing how tone can convey emotion, such as in colloquial language
  • using elision in informal communication
  • recognising that there may be more than one spelling of loan words
  • knowing when to pause in complex sentences with embedded clauses

  VCRAU080 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCRAU046

  Notice pronunciation of the sounds of the language and the difference in pronunciation of loan words from English

  Elaborations

  • comparing different pronunciation and intonation
  • recognising the pronunciation of loan words from English and applying conventions to unfamiliar loan words
  • understanding how to use emphasis to enhance meaning

  VCRAU046 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCSIS028

  Use pictures and words to describe observations and findings and begin to categorise objects

  Elaborations

  • using pictures, photos, symbols and concrete objects to record observations about the weather
  • beginning to categorise some familiar substances with similar properties related to a sense, for example, hard or soft, rough or smooth

  VCSIS028 | Science | Level C | Science Inquiry Skills | Recording and processing