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• VCLVU145

  Recognise that different words and language forms are used to address and communicate with people according to relationship and context

  Elaborations

  • noticing that different forms of address and kinship terms are used depending on the relationship between participants
  • recognising that the way someone is related to others affects how he or she speaks to them
  • recognising that ways of speaking vary according to context and situation, for example, language used when interacting with peers during playground games is different to that used with the teaching team and with visiting respected community members
  • recognising that language used in particular interactions can vary between cultural contexts, for example, the use of titles in English compared to kin categories in the language

  VCLVU145 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCMNA162

  Solve word problems by using number sentences involving multiplication or division where there is no remainder

  Elaborations

  • representing a word problem as a number sentence
  • writing a word problem using a given number sentence

  VCMNA162 | Mathematics | Level 4 | Number and Algebra | Patterns and algebra

• VCNRC027

  Share own experiences of communicating in the language being studied, recognising how it involves behaviours as well as words

  Elaborations

  • identifying elements of the language and culture that feel different to own language and culture, including pronunciation of some sounds, gestures and facial expressions
  • discussing ways of communicating and their appropriateness in different language contexts
  • describing to peers what they are confident about when using the language, what they feel unsure of and what they most enjoy
  • discussing how Australian terms and expressions might be understood from a target-language speaker’s perspective, for example, ‘bushwalking’, ‘kick a footy’ or ‘lamington’

  VCNRC027 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCNRC007

  Create captions to images for individual presentations and participate in shared performances and imaginative activities using familiar words, phrases and language patterns

  Elaborations

  • creating and presenting Big Books, storyboards or digital texts based on imaginary scenarios in familiar contexts, using images and captions
  • creating a puppet play or dramatic performance based on an experience or aspect of a story, song, poem or cartoon
  • creating rhymes, nonsense phrases and songs using rehearsed language
  • performing chants, rap, rhymes and songs, and using music and actions to support meaning

  VCNRC007 | Languages | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Creating

• VCNRU046

  Identify and reproduce, orally and in writing, key features of intonation and pronunciation, experiment with the spelling of common words and apply basic punctuation rules

  Elaborations

  • applying, if applicable, different intonation for statements, questions, exclamations and commands
  • reading simple texts
  • applying and using, if applicable, accent marks
  • experimenting with spelling simple words
  • applying phonic and grammatical knowledge to spell and write unfamiliar words
  • understanding and applying punctuation marks in writing, for example, full stop, comma, exclamation mark, apostrophe, speech marks and question mark

  VCNRU046 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU030

  Recognise and use elements of the language's grammar, such as word order, gender and singular/plural forms, to describe people, objects or events

  Elaborations

  • beginning to describe and explain features of the target language using metalanguage
  • creating simple sentences
  • experimenting with compound sentences
  • recognising the differences or similarities in word order in simple sentences
  • expressing negation in simple sentences
  • expanding number knowledge up to 100

  VCNRU030 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCPSCSO079

  Demonstrate some understanding that negative words and actions are hurtful and that their behaviour can impact on others

  Elaborations

  • using peer behaviour as a cue for own behaviour showing both positive and negative reactions
  • demonstrating an understanding that their behaviour can impact on others
  • regulate own behaviour and emotional expression in familiar contexts
  • sharing how it feels when other people use negative words or actions

  VCPSCSO079 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Level D | Social Awareness and Management | Collaboration

• VCPSCSO013

  Describe ways of making and keeping friends, including how actions and words can help or hurt others, and the effects of modifying their behaviour

  Elaborations

  • creating a list of strategies, including words and actions, which students have used to make friends in their life
  • discussing what friendships require to be maintained such as kindness, support, acceptance, respect
  • providing examples of respect to one another showing both words and actions and discussing how negative words and actions can hurt and making suggestions about how to modify behaviours

  VCPSCSO013 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 1 and 2 | Social Awareness and Management | Relationships and diversity

• VCRAC004

  Locate specific words and familiar phrases in texts such as charts, lists and songs, and use information to complete guided oral and written tasks

  Elaborations

  • demonstrating early literacy skills by labelling, matching, clicking and dragging, drawing, miming and using actions
  • locating and using information to describe, name, draw and trace
  • classifying and categorising information gained from others, such as about family members and favourite foods, toys and games
  • using contextual and visual cues while reading with the teacher, for example, using illustrations and printed/audio narrations when reading big books or digital books
  • expressing factual information about qualities such as colour, number, size and shape through interactive play with objects, such as water play, colour mixing and play dough
  • expressing sensory responses

  VCRAC004 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Informing

• VCRAC007

  Use familiar words, phrases and patterns to create captions and participate in shared performances and games

  Elaborations

  • creating students' version of a story by sequencing a series of pictures with captions or by creating a storyboard with labels using modelled language
  • creating a new part of a text such as changing a character or adding an extra verse in a song by, for example, matching pictures and captions
  • making a big book based on an event, experience or shared text

  VCRAC007 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Creating

• VCRAU098

  Develop knowledge of structures and vocabulary for describing people, places and things, such as pronouns, verbs, adjectives, word order and other elements of grammar

  Elaborations

  • identifying people using, for example, terms of address, pronouns and some nouns
  • identifying things and animals using concrete nouns describing the qualities of people, for example, adjectives of character and appearance
  • describing qualities of objects and animals using adjectives
  • indicating quantity using plurals
  • referring to numbers of things using cardinal numbers and things in a sequence using ordinal numbers
  • greeting and farewelling
  • telling others to do something using imperatives
  • indicating possession
  • describing simple actions
  • negating
  • specifying place and location
  • referring to existence/presence
  • giving directions and information about place using prepositions
  • locating events in time and referring to the past and future seeking information and assistance using interrogatives
  • joining ideas using cohesive devices
  • expressing emotion
  • expressing modality
  • comparing things using comparatives and superlatives

  VCRAU098 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCRAU029

  Recognise and reproduce pronunciation conventions, including loan words from English and intonation for questions, statements and commands

  Elaborations

  • making connections between the sounds of the language and English sounds
  • recognising intonation for statements, questions and commands
  • identifying onomatopoeic words in the language compared with some in English such as the 'hum' of bees or the 'pop' of a balloon

  VCRAU029 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCRAU102

  Notice connections between language and culture in intercultural language use, recognising how words and expressions may be culture-specific

  Elaborations

  • noticing that some words are culture-specific such as language associated with particular artefacts and the physical environment
  • recognising that some expressions are related to cultural practices such as eating or celebrations
  • comparing how languages reflect values such as those related to personal attributes, physical appearance and behaviour
  • recognising interconnections between own language and culture such as vocabulary and expressions related to people, lifestyle and environment, for example, ‘barbecue’, ‘thongs’, ‘bathers/togs/swimmers’, ‘no worries’

  VCRAU102 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCSIS038

  Use pictures, words and provided simple graphic organisers to record observations and findings and sort objects into groups based on particular characteristics

  Elaborations

  • using photos , pictures and words to represent and record their observations, for example, the life cycle of living things, parts of different plants
  • sorting objects or living things based on set characteristics, for example, number of legs, type of body covering

  VCSIS038 | Science | Level D | Science Inquiry Skills | Recording and processing

• VCSIS030

  Use pictures, symbols, concrete objects and/or simple familiar words to facilitate communication

  Elaborations

  • recognising and beginning to use words that describe the characteristics of substances, for example, ‘red’, ‘soft’, ‘hard’, ‘light’, ‘heavy’
  • learning to use words that describe simple forces, for example, ‘fast’, ‘slow’, ‘push’ and ‘pull’

  VCSIS030 | Science | Level C | Science Inquiry Skills | Communicating

• VCTRC094

  Create shared bilingual texts and learning resources such as word banks, glossaries, displays and digital presentations

  Elaborations

  • creating bilingual signs or menus for the school or local environment, for example, kütüphane/library, revir/sickbay, hastahane/hospital, doktor/doctor, preparing bilingual captions for texts such as digital presentations or photographic displays for the school or local Turkish-speaking community, discussing how to convey particular concepts in the two languages
  • creating bilingual resources to support their language learning, such as glossaries for personal Turkish–English dictionaries, with examples and explanations of terms that have cultural associations and do not readily translate from one language to the other
  • designing a flyer for a class event or performance which uses Turkish and English, considering how to convey information and ideas in each language
  • developing bilingual instructional texts or directions that cater for Turkish- and English-speaking friends, family members or participants, for example, computer game instructions or information for an extended-family event
  • creating a short bilingual documentary about a local community event or locale, with narration in one language and subtitles in the other
  • creating menus or programs for Turkish-themed events, with key items/information in Turkish and explanatory footnotes/glossaries in English

  VCTRC094 | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCTRU015

  Recognise that different words, expressions and gestures are used by speakers of Turkish to address and greet people in different contexts and situations

  Elaborations

  • identifying different relationships between people by noticing how they speak to each other, for example, in storybooks, real life conversations, puppet plays or video clips
  • understanding that different forms of Turkish are used by people in different contexts and relationships, for example, the appropriate use of pronouns, sen and siz, and honorifics, Orhan Bey, Ayla Hanım, Sayın, Hakan Ağabey, Cengiz Amca, Ayşe Teyze
  • understanding that interactions such as greetings vary according to time of day, occasion,degree of familiarity and age of people involved, for example, günaydın, merhaba, iyi akşamlar, Nasılsın? or Nasılsınız? Ne haber? Ne var, ne yok? Selam!
  • understanding that gestures used in greetings vary according to degrees of familiarity and relationship, for example, kissing hands of elders and placing hands on the forehead
  • recognising the importance of using either formal or informal language in any context, for example, never using first names when addressing elders, such as teachers or parents

  VCTRU015 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCTRU016

  Recognise that different languages, including Turkish, borrow words and expressions from each other

  Elaborations

  • recognising that languages continuously change and borrow from one another
  • recognising that Turkish uses loan words from English, such as internet, TV, ceket, film and futbol, and that English uses words from Turkish, such as yoghurt, coffee, horde, kiosk, turquoise
  • creating a class record of Turkish words used in English, such as doner kebab, shish kebab, yoghurt, dolma, cacik, comparing how these words are pronounced in the two languages
  • noticing words that come from different languages that students use in their everyday lives

  VCTRU016 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCVIC109

  Identify key words and specific information related to their personal world in simple spoken, written, digital and visual texts

  Elaborations

  • identifying familiar words or concepts related to familiar people, for example, Ðây là ba. Ðây là mẹ và chị, or everyday objects, for example, Đây là cái nhà. Đây là cái cổng. Đây là chiếc xe
  • viewing and/or listening to familiar texts such as posters, songs and short films to locate key words, for example, bìa tranh minh họa, truyện tranh, từ điển bằng hình, trò chơi xếp hình, học vần tiếng Việt
  • demonstrating comprehension of words and short sentences in familiar texts by pointing, labelling, matching, clicking and dragging, drawing and miming
  • using contextual and visual cues to identify main points when participating in shared reading of print and digital texts

  VCVIC109 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Informing

• VCVIC147

  Translate and interpret texts from Vietnamese into English and vice versa, noticing which words or concepts are easy or difficult to translate

  Elaborations

  • identifying words or phrases that are hard to translate, for example, food items (bánh chưng, bánh tét, bánh xèo, phở) or traditional customs (cúng ông bà, xin xăm, coi ngày, coi tuổi), and explaining possible reasons for difficulty of translation
  • translating and interpreting a range of simple texts, including idioms, from Vietnamese into English and vice versa, and developing strategies to deal with words that are difficult to translate, for example, tiên học lễ, hậu học văn, gần mực thì đen, gần đèn thì rạng/sáng, ăn vóc học hay
  • translating words and expressions in familiar texts, including multimodal and digital texts, such as greeting cards, menus, road signs or story titles, and considering how meaning may be interpreted from a different cultural perspective
  • comparing own translations of simple texts with peers’, commenting on differences between versions and collaborating to develop a whole-class version
  • exploring diverse ways in which meaning is conveyed in Vietnamese and English, such as multiple meanings of words, for example, ‘old’ may be translated as già or cũ, ngon as ‘tasty’, ‘delicious’, ‘mouthwatering’, ‘scrumptious’ or ‘rich’, and comparing synonyms for verbs, for example, ‘running’, ‘sprinting’, ‘dashing’, ‘jogging’ and chạy nhanh, chạy vụt, chạy bộ
  • examining the risks of literal (word-for-word) translation when translating expressions, idioms and proverbs, for example, ‘An eye for an eye’ should not be translated as Một con mắt cho một con mắt but as Ăn miếng trả miếng

  VCVIC147 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating