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• VCIDU017

  Notice that the languages people use and the way they use them relate to who they are and where and how they live

  Elaborations

  • recognising that Indonesian is the language spoken in Indonesia, a country that is one of Australia’s neighbours in a region known as ‘Asia’
  • noticing similarities and differences between Indonesian and Australian lifestyles and language use, for example, tidur siang, bantal guling, bringing hands to forehead when greeting the teacher
  • exploring different cultural practices and related language use through games, for example, suten/suwitan, Semut, gajah, orang, and Hom Pim Pah
  • recognising words that reflect aspects of culture, for example, the names and sounds of distinctive flora and fauna such as orangutan, komodo and cicak, and artefacts such as the flag (sang merah-putih) and national emblem (garuda)
  • noticing that particular Australian-English terms and expressions have no equivalent in Indonesian, for example, ‘koala’, ‘meat pie’, ‘farm’

  VCIDU017 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCITC007

  Participate in shared reading/viewing of short imaginative texts and respond by drawing, miming, performing and other forms of expression

  Elaborations

  • participating in shared reading of books and digital texts, and deciphering the meaning of a story using illustrations, sounds and animation
  • making predictions about characters and plot from the cover and illustrations, and at various points in the text before reading on
  • illustrating a shared class big book, for example, È un uccello. È verde. L’uccello vola. La farfalla è gialla. La rana è verde. La zebra è bianca e nera
  • sharing feelings about a book/video clip by participating in simple ‘reviews’, writing their names under one of the following statements: Mi piace; Mi piace molto; Non mi piace
  • taking on the persona of a character through play
  • reciting and performing chants, rhymes and songs, adding music and actions to support meaning of their own performances, for example, the farfallina counting rhyme: Farfallina bella bianca, vola vola e mai si stanca, vola vola sempre in su, farfallina non c’è più; resti fuori proprio tu

  VCITC007 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Creating

• VCITU037

  Understand that Italian is spoken in a variety of forms within and outside of Italy

  Elaborations

  • recognising that Italian is one of the most widely used languages among the many languages spoken in the Australian community
  • recognising that there is the standard language called ‘Italian’ as well as a number of different dialects spoken throughout Italy and the Italian diaspora, and that these may be used in hybrid ways
  • discussing the influence of English words on the Italian language and considering why word borrowing occurs, for example, English words incorporated into Italian (il tennis, i jeans, fare lo shopping, l’email) and Italian words incorporated into English (espresso, bellissimo)
  • identifying cognates, for example, nouns such as cioccolata, cinema, pera, parco and stazione; adjectives such as intelligente and interessante; and verbs such as arrivare, studiare, telefonare and visitare

  VCITU037 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCJAC173

  Consider how their own biography, including family origins, traditions, interests and experiences, impacts on their sense of identity and ways of communicating

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on their own response to learning and participating in cultural behaviours such as bowing and using respectful language, identifying degrees of comfort, discomfort, challenge and enjoyment
  • creating written, spoken or multimodal texts such as identity maps, timelines, digital presentations or family trees with captions to describe significant life influences such as key people, events, educational experiences, community affiliations or travel experiences, for example, そふは　イタリア人です。でも、そぼは　イギリス人です。1950 年(ねん)に　オーストラリアに　きました。
  • reflecting on the experience of learning and using Japanese, and considering whether own previous attitudes or assumptions in relation to Japan or the Japanese language and culture have changed
  • considering their identity as a ‘second language learner’ and whether it involves changes in aspirations, career considerations or social-networking opportunities
  • sharing and comparing cultural and intercultural experiences and language capabilities, and exchanging views on the benefits of speaking more than one language, such as having a larger vocabulary to draw on, additional insights and perspectives, and opportunities for new experiences

  VCJAC173 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCJAC111

  Participate in classroom routines such as addressing and responding to the teacher, opening and closing of lessons, transition activities, following instructions, thanking and asking for help, using appropriate gestures and behaviour

  Elaborations

  • participating as a group in classroom routines such as opening and closing lessons, for example, せんせい、おはようございます。さようなら。, using appropriate gestures
  • understanding and responding to questions using まる/ばつ (○×) and はい/いいえ
  • understanding and responding to classroom instructions to play games, complete work or get ready for class, for example, たって　ください、すわって　ください、かいて　ください、みて　　ください、よんで　ください、きいて　ください。
  • requesting classroom objects, for example, noun　を　ください、えんぴつ　が　あります　か。 はい、どうぞ。
  • giving one another reminders such as しずかに、すわって, using appropriate gestures
  • participating in routine exchanges such as responding to the class roll and apologising for arriving late, for example, はい、います。Tia さん　は、いません。やすみ　です。おくれて　すみません。

  VCJAC111 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCJAU012

  Recognise and use features of the Japanese sound system, including pitch, accent, rhythm and intonation

  Elaborations

  • understanding the system of Japanese sound combinations, that Japanese has five vowels and that a vowel can be attached to all consonants except ‘ん’
  • accurately pronouncing all combinations of hiragana and katakana, including voiced and unvoiced forms and all combined sounds (contractions and blends)
  • understanding that the sounds of hiragana and katakana are identical even though the associated scripts are different
  • recognising that in the copula desu and the verb suffix masu, the ‘u’ is devoiced in normal speech
  • using available combinations of katakana to experiment with the Japanese pronunciation of loan words, for example, レストラン
  • recognising the basic unit of sound in Japanese (‘mora’: モーラ or 拍), for example, こんにちは has five moras
  • becoming familiar with the rhythm of Japanese, recognising the concept of the ‘foot’ (フット) as the minimum unit of rhythm, and that one foot in Japanese consists of two moras, for example, ごちそうさま is pronounced as a three-foot word

  VCJAU012 | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCJAU179

  Understand that the Japanese language has evolved and developed through different periods of influence and change

  Elaborations

  • recognising words ‘borrowed’ by Japanese from other languages such as English, French or Portuguese, for example, パン、ズボン、and noting how these words are pronounced by Japanese speakers
  • recognising that all languages carry histories of contact with other cultures, such as the adoption of kanji from Chinese into Japanese
  • understanding that languages and cultures change continuously due to contact with one another and in response to new needs, ideas and developments in communications, design and technology; and considering why some types of words and expressions are most frequently borrowed, such as グローバル、パワーアップ、カラー
  • identifying words that have similar meanings and pronunciation across different languages, reflecting on the origins and associated cultures of such words, and how they came to be part of Japanese and other languages, for example, パスタ、エネルギー
  • discussing reasons for changes in the Japanese language, such as globalisation, exposure to other languages and cultures through media, travel, and digital communication forms and representations

  VCJAU179 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCJAU017

  Understand that the Japanese language both influences and is influenced by other languages and cultures

  Elaborations

  • recognising words of Japanese origin used in English, for example, ‘judo’, ‘karaoke’, ‘karate’, ‘obento’, ‘sushi’
  • recognising the use of words ‘borrowed’ by Japanese from other languages such as English, French or Portuguese, for example, サッカー、 ゴルフ、 パン、 and noting how these are pronounced by Japanese speakers
  • understanding that languages and cultures change continuously due to contact with one another and in response to new needs, ideas and developments in communications and technology, and considering why some types of words and expressions are more frequently borrowed, such as ラップトップ、 ダウンロード、 チャット
  • identifying words that have similar meanings and pronunciation across different languages, and reflecting on the possible origins of such words and their associated cultures
  • understanding that there are Japanese-speaking communities outside Japan, for example, in the United States, in particular Hawaii, and South America, and that Japanese is widely taught in many countries around the world and within the Asia-Pacific region, including Australia
  • understanding that all languages change, that some are constantly growing and expanding and that others are disappearing or being revived, as in the case of many indigenous languages

  VCJAU017 | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCJAU138

  Understand that hiragana symbols can be combined to represent words

  Elaborations

  • recognising that there are 19 distinct consonants in Japanese (k, g, s, sh, z, j, t, ch, ts, d, n, h, f, b, p, m, y, r, w) and five vowels (a, i, u, e, o)
  • understanding the system of basic Japanese sound combinations, that is, a vowel can be attached to most consonants to produce a kana
  • understanding that vowel length can differentiate words in Japanese, for example, ‘e’ (え) for a picture and ‘ee’ (ええ) for ‘yeah’
  • recognising the concept of the minimum unit of rhythm in Japanese (‘foot’ or フット) and that one foot in Japanese consists of two moras, for example, ごちそうさま is pronounced as a three-foot word ごち・そう・さま
  • demonstrating understanding of the differences in pronunciation of English and Japanese versions of loan words such as バナナ、ペット、サッカー

  VCJAU138 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCLAU009

  Acquire and build vocabulary by using roots, derivatives and word lists, and use dictionaries to select appropriate meanings of Latin words

  Elaborations

  • developing own and class lists of vocabulary related to texts and topics, such as daily life in ancient Rome, for example, thermae, caldarium; magister, ludus
  • creating a class bank of words that are frequently used, for example, tamen; alii … alii …; eheu!, and common expressions used in everyday activities, for example, salvete; ludere volo
  • practising vocabulary knowledge, for example, by using online tools such as drills
  • using print and electronic dictionaries to locate the appropriate meanings of words
  • understanding that one Latin word may correspond to several different English words and selecting the most appropriate meaning of a word in its context
  • developing strategies for vocabulary building by applying knowledge of roots, for example, ager/agricola and derivatives, for example, agriculture
  • building vocabulary by recognising Latin words commonly used in English, for example, exit, video, arena

  VCLAU009 | Languages | Latin | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VC2M3A01

  recognise and explain the connection between addition and subtraction as inverse operations, apply to partition numbers and find unknown values in number sentences

  Elaborations

  • partitioning numbers using materials, part-part-whole diagrams or bar models, and recording addition and subtraction facts for each representation, explaining how each fact is connected to the materials, diagrams or models (for example, 16 + 8 = 24, 24 − 8 = 16, 8 = 24 − 16)
  • using the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction to find unknown values with a calculator or by counting on; for example, representing the problem ‘Peter had some money and then spent $375. Now he has $158 left. How much did Peter have to start with?’ as □ − $375 = $158 and solving the problem using $375 + $158 = $533; or solving 27 + □ = 63 using subtraction, □ = 63 – 27, or by counting on 27, 37, 47, 57, 60, 63, so add 3 tens and 6 ones, so □ = 36
  • exploring Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ stories and dances that show the connection between addition and subtraction, representing this as a number sentence and discussing how this conveys important information about balance in processes on Country/Place

  VC2M3A01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 3 | Algebra

• VC2M8M07

  use mathematical modelling to solve practical problems involving ratios and rates, including distance-time problems for travel at a constant speed and financial contexts; formulate problems; interpret and communicate solutions in terms of the situation, reviewing the appropriateness of the model

  Elaborations

  • modelling simple motion problems, finding one of distance travelled, time taken or average speed, given the other 2 quantities
  • modelling and solving problems related to situations such as scales on maps and plans, the mixing of chemicals or ingredients, or calculating magnification factors applying relevant ratios and proportions
  • modelling problems involving converting money amounts using different exchange rates and applying them when planning and budgeting for overseas travel
  • modelling situations involving financial contexts (for example, income tax, using taxation rates on annual income, comparing different taxation brackets and rates of pay) or comparing the benefits of different phone plans using different call rates and associated fees to determine the best plan
  • modelling situations involving the use of ratios in radiocarbon dating methods, including the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 isotopes in organisms, to measure dates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ habitation on the Australian continent
  • modelling situations involving ratio and its application in the making of string and cordage by Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Peoples, including the ratio of length to the mass of a rope, the strength of the ply in proportion to a rope’s pulling force, and the proportion of fibre for the length of string required

  VC2M8M07 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 8 | Measurement

• VC2M1M01

  compare directly and indirectly and order objects and events using attributes of length, mass, capacity and duration, communicating reasoning

  Elaborations

  • using a piece of string to indirectly compare the length of several objects, deciding which will fit within a space, and using comparative language to describe the order (shortest, short, longer, longest)
  • ordering the mass of 3 or more objects, such as rocks, using hefting and balance scales, and using comparative language to explain the order (lightest, light, heavier, heaviest) and how they decided on the order
  • pouring sand, rice or water from one container to another to compare and order the capacity of 3 or more containers, and describing the order of the results in terms of which holds the most/least and those in between
  • creating sand timers from everyday items or recycled materials and comparing them to order the duration of time required for the sand to run through
  • investigating situations where Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Peoples estimate, compare and communicate measurements, for example, situations involving the duration of seasons, understanding animal behaviour using the length of animal tracks, or investigating capacity through Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander water management techniques, such as traditional water-carrying vessels and rock holes

  VC2M1M01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 1 | Measurement

• VC2M2N06

  use mathematical modelling to solve practical problems involving additive and multiplicative situations, including money transactions; represent situations and choose calculation strategies; interpret and communicate solutions in terms of the context

  Elaborations

  • modelling practical problems by interpreting an everyday additive or multiplicative situation; for example, making a number of purchases at a store and deciding whether to use addition, subtraction, multiplication or division to solve the problem and justifying the choice of operation, such as ‘I used subtraction to solve this problem as I knew the total and one of the parts, so I needed to subtract to find the missing part’
  • modelling and solving simple money problems involving whole dollar amounts with addition, subtraction, multiplication or division, for example, ‘If each member of our class contributes $5, how much money will we have in total?’
  • modelling and solving practical problems such as deciding how many people should be in each team for a game or sports event, how many teams for a given game can be filled from a class, or how to share out some food or distribute money in whole dollar amounts, including deciding what to do if there is a remainder
  • modelling and solving the problem ‘How many days are there left in this year?’ by using a calendar
  • modelling problems involving equal grouping and sharing in Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children’s instructive games; for example, in Yangamini from the Tiwi Peoples of Bathurst Island, representing relationships with a number sentence and interpreting and communicating solutions in terms of the context

  VC2M2N06 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 2 | Number

• VCTRC039

  Convey information about aspects of their own language(s), culture(s) and communities in suitable formats for different audiences and contexts

  Elaborations

  • presenting information related to elements of Turkish lifestyles and culture, for example, kırsal ve kentsel yaşam, hamam, Türk kahvesi, el sanatları, halk dansları to present to students in the school who are not learning Turkish
  • creating a multimodal profile of their local community for newly arriving migrants from Turkish-speaking regions of the world
  • creating a website for a contact group of Turkish-speaking students, posting information on their interests and experiences and using sound, visual or graphic resources to feature elements which may be unfamiliar to the intended audience
  • writing a post on a website for young people that flags upcoming events in their community, for example, mezuniyet balosu, eğlence gecesi, 19 Mayıs ve Gençlik ve Spor Bayramı
  • assembling an information pack to support new students arriving at their school, including a glossary of key terms that may need explaining, for example, sınıf, müdür odası, öğretmenler odası, nöbetçi öğretmen, revir, kantin, ofis, lavabo, kütüphane, spor salonu, konferans salonu
  • creating an interactive presentation for younger children, friends or members of their extended families to showcase their bilingual/multilingual experience and identify the advantages of being able to communicate in more than one language

  VCTRC039 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Informing

• VCTRC095

  Consider similarities and differences in ways of communicating in Turkish and English, noticing how/when they choose to use either language or both languages

  Elaborations

  • identifying instances when they switch between or mix Turkish and English, considering why they do this in particular situations or interactions, comparing their observations with those of their peers
  • reflecting on the experience of using Turkish and English with a particular person, such as a parent or older relative, noticing which topics or interactions fit more easily into one language than the other and considering reasons for this
  • reflecting on experiences of feeling either comfortable or uncomfortable when switching between languages, explaining why this might have been the case, for example, when translating for parents or other family members or interpreting for visitors
  • considering how and why they adjust their ways of using Turkish or English when interacting with older people, friends of the same or different gender, people in authority, small children or close friends, for example, using different forms of address or ways of showing respect or affection
  • discussing whether they feel different when using Turkish in the classroom to how they feel when using it at home, for example, using standardised forms of Turkish in school
  • reflecting on ways in which different languages provide alternative ways of thinking or speaking about ideas or experiences

  VCTRC095 | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCTRU067

  Understand how their own use of Turkish in social, school and community contexts has changed over time, discussing reasons for changes or adaptations

  Elaborations

  • identifying changes in their ways of communicating in Turkish as a result of influences such as social media, popular culture, technology and intercultural experience, for example, the use of acronyms, emoticons, ‘selfies’ in text messaging, and of abbreviations such as nbr (ne haber), tmm (tamam), slm (selam), kib (kendine iyi bak), bye (güle güle) and aeo (Allaha emanet ol)
  • reflecting on how their use of language develops as they grow older and as they communicate in different contexts, with different people, for different purposes, discussing how speaking more than one language provides additional resources for making meaning
  • monitoring their own and others’ use of new forms of language, behaviour and self-expression across different contexts such as school and social worlds, including virtual forms of communication
  • investigating changes in their use of Turkish in wider contexts, for example, as a result of increased exposure to Turkish-language media in Australia, comparing the language used in various television dramas to their own use of the language in daily life

  VCTRU067 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCTRU080

  Understand regular and irregular elements of spoken and written Turkish, and use elements such as affixation and compound patterns to produce complex phrases and elaborated texts and to participate in extended interactions

  Elaborations

  • understanding the use of lexical stress in Turkish, and the relation between morphemes and stress, where usually the left-most morpheme is the one that determines the stress, as in a range of compounds such as atlıkarınca, kadınbudu, imambayıldı, akşamüstü, güneydoğu, Fenerbahçe, and depremzede
  • experimenting with different registers and vocal and stylistic effects in creating specific emphases in different types of spoken and written texts, for example, speeches, songs, letters to the editor
  • using elision in informal interactions, for example, napcaz? gelcen mi? naber?
  • knowing when to pause and what tone to use for required effects, such as emphasis or persuasion
  • recognising ways in which written language differs from spoken language, such as being more crafted, precise, elaborated or complex, for example, the use of subordinate clauses and support details, Cumartesi günkü maçta Atatürk Kupası’nı kazanan takım, Galatasaray’ı 89’uncu dakikada Mehmet’in attığı golle 1-0 yenerek kupayı 5’inci kez evine götüren Beşiktaş oldu
  • recognising the impermanent and fluid nature of spoken language, identifying features such as interactivity and turn-taking, the use of repetition, pauses, interruptions and contractions, inverted syntax, such as ben de isterim gelmeyi and the use of non-verbal language and vocal effects
  • using challenging word combinations in written and spoken Turkish tongue twisters

  VCTRU080 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCVIC133

  Explore their own sense of identity, including elements such as family, background, experiences, and ways of using language in Vietnamese- and English-speaking contexts

  Elaborations

  • discussing the groups they belong to, including their family and Vietnamese cultural and language groups, and reflecting on how membership of these groups affects their own sense of identity
  • creating texts that express their identity, including as a member of different cultural and/or language groups, for example, their name in English and/or Vietnamese, their age in Vietnam and Australia (Mai lên chín, tuổi ta. Mai mới tám tuổi tây)
  • mapping their personal profile by creating a chart, timeline or web document to highlight significant experiences or events, for example, marking an event when they identified as Vietnamese, such as Lunar New Year (Tết Nguyên đán)
  • noticing how they communicate with one another, their family, teachers and other adults, identifying differences in behaviour in different contexts and with different people, and suggesting reasons for these differences

  VCVIC133 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCVIC142

  Engage in classroom interactions by asking and responding to questions and expressing opinions

  Elaborations

  • contributing to the development of a set of class rules, for example, Trong lớp học này chúng ta chỉ nói tiếng Việt vì đây là dịp để thực tập môn tiếng Việt
  • asking and responding to questions, for example, Thưa thầy, em làm chung với ai? Thưa cô, khi nào em phải nộp bài này? Em chọn câu A. Thưa cô, em đồng ý với bạn Hà
  • checking on one another’s progress during learning tasks or activities, using questions such as Bạn làm sắp xong chưa? Sao bạn làm nhanh thế?
  • participating in class discussions and offering opinions on various topics, such as water and road safety, a class recycling program or physical fitness and wellbeing
  • expressing opinions on classwork and school life, for example, Giờ học tiếng Việt vui quá! Bài thi toán khó quá! Buổi đi cắm trại rất thú vị và bổ ích. Phòng vệ sinh trường mình rất sạch. Căn-tin trường mình bán đồ ăn ngon và rẻ

  VCVIC142 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising