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• VCITC107

  Reflect on own identity, including identity as a user and learner of Italian, through connecting observations made about experiences over time

  Elaborations

  • creating texts to identify and describe significant events or experiences, including membership of groups (for example, sporting or cultural groups), that have shaped personal identity
  • describing orally or in writing a significant person in their life, discussing their personal qualities, why this person is important, and how they are similar to this person, for example, Anch’io;… è importante per me perché; io sono come …; assomiglio a …
  • creating personal profiles to share with others, considering which aspects of their identity to reveal to people in different contexts
  • presenting aspects of personal experience using digital photo stories with audio
  • creating timelines of significant events in their life, particularly events that have shaped their identity them, including visual representations such as photos and illustrations
  • comparing and contrasting own experiences as a learner of Italian, for example, by comparing journal entries recorded over time

  VCITC107 | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCITC117

  Participate in spoken and written transactions, including obtaining and negotiating different services and problem-solving

  Elaborations

  • participating in negotiations in conversation and correspondence, for example, discussing possibilities regarding travel to Italy or the purchase of goods such as fashion items, musical equipment, a mobile phone (Quanto costa il biglietto per … ? Vorrei il biglietto più economico. Posso vedere l’ultimo modello del telefonino Ha una custodia colorata? Queste scarpe sono piccole; ho bisogno di un numero più grande. I pantaloni sono troppo larghi. C’è la taglia più piccola?)
  • corresponding to express a complaint about a poor-quality service and suggest a way to improve it
  • applying for a part-time job and participating in a mock interview
  • requesting a service, for example, changing a flight, exchanging currency, purchasing a SIM card or confirming accommodation

  VCITC117 | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCITC098

  Participate in spoken and written transactions, including purchasing goods and services, and give and follow directions and instructions

  Elaborations

  • participating in real and imagined transactions such as purchasing a ticket for an event or choosing a gift for someone, for example, Quanto costa [+ definite article or demonstrative + noun]? Cosa prendi? … un caffè … e tu?
  • asking for, giving and following directions, for example, Dov'è? Qui/là. Dove si trova? A destra/sinistra. Vicino a/lontano da; sotto/sul

  VCITC098 | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCITC031

  Express aspects of own identity reflected in various group and community memberships, including their developing bilingual identity

  Elaborations

  • describing memberships of a wider network such as a club, country or language-speaking community (including being a learner of Italian), using textual and visual representation
  • using Italian to express aspects of personal identity such as name, nationality, languages spoken, interests, and memberships of teams/groups
  • recognising own special talents and those of others
  • considering their own perspective on personal experiences of Italian language and culture by asking questions such as: Am I familiar with this? Have I experienced something like this? What does this mean for me? Is this similar to or different from my experience? How? In what ways?

  VCITC031 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCITU014

  Notice and use some aspects of the Italian language system, including gender forms, simple sentence structures and the placement of adjectives

  Elaborations

  • noticing definite and indefinite articles with nouns, for example, la casa, una casa; il giardino, un giardino
  • noticing that Italian words end mostly with vowels to mark gender and number; observing that some words which do not end with a vowel are the same in English, for example, computer, robot, yogurt, sport
  • noticing that adjectives are used to describe people, objects or places and are usually placed after the noun, for example, la penna rossa
  • observing gender in patterns of naming, for example, Paolo/Paola, Alessandro/Alessandra
  • exploring how to use singular and plural forms
  • understanding different words for asking questions, for example, Chi? Quando? Quanti?
  • identifying people using pronouns, for example, io, tu, lui, lei
  • noticing that the verbs essere and avere are used when giving personal information about state or identity, for example, Ho due fratelli, sono basso, Ho 6 anni, Ho gli occhi verdi, sono alto
  • learning simple verbs to describe actions and using them in formulaic expressions, for example, Mi piace cantare/giocare; Ti piace questo giocattolo?
  • understanding and responding to imperatives, for example, Vieni qui!
  • learning the structure of simple statements and questions based on models, for example, lo sono Anna. Non sto bene. È un gatto? Sìcomptue è un gatto
  • expressing negation, for example, Non mi piace, Non ho un cane.

  VCITU014 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCITU071

  Use grammatical knowledge to extend meanings, including knowledge of irregular, reflexive and modal verbs

  Elaborations

  • learning to use:
    
    • nouns: gender and number, regular and irregular
      
    • suffixes such as –ino/a, -issimo/a, -etto/a, -astro/a, for example, grande-grandissimo, piccolo-piccolino, casa-casetta, figlio-figliastro and figlia-figliastra; and prefixes such as pro- and bis-, for example, prozio and bisnonno
      
    • pronouns, including subject pronouns and direct object pronouns
      
    • articulated prepositions, for example, di, tra, con plus articles a, di, da, in, su plus article; and prepositions which do not combine, for example tra, per
      
    • adverbs to qualify verbs, for example, proprio, troppo, abbastanza, specialmente, spesso, nemmeno, purtroppo, non... né... né...
      
    • negative constructions including the double negative, for example, Non vado mai in centro. Non c’è niente/nessuno...
      
    • verbs to express action in time, using a range of regular and some irregular verbs, reflexive verbs in the present tense, perfect and imperfect, and exposure to the impersonal si; using modal verbs to express ability, possibility, likelihood and permission

  VCITU071 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCITU090

  Extend grammatical knowledge, including present, past and future tenses, and the conditional and subjunctive mood, to interpret and create meaning in texts

  Elaborations

  • introducing additional information when describing actions, people and objects by using a range of prepositions, including articulated prepositions and special uses of a, di and da, for example, Pratico il nuoto da 6 anni. Hai una faccia da schiaffi! Fatto a mano!
  • using pronouns to refer to the person carrying out an action or to refer to somebody or something, including personal pronouns (use, position and elusion), reflexive pronouns, direct and indirect object pronouns, relative pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, possessive pronouns, and the use of the impersonal si, ci/vi, ne
  • using adverbs and adverbial phrases of manner, place and time to modify the meaning of verbs and adjectives, for example, proprio, troppo, abbastanza, specialmente, soprattutto, spesso, quasi mai, nemmeno, neanche
  • describing events across different times, choosing appropriate tenses, including present, present perfect, imperfect and future tenses, conditional and the subjunctive mood
  • connecting or elaborating clauses by using conjunctions, including siccome, invece, sebbene, nonostante, anche, dunque, quindi, cioè
  • using cohesive devices to link, clarify, contrast, relate or sequence ideas and modify meaning in written and spoken texts, for example, Non avevo più soldi, quindi sono tornato a casa
  • developing metalanguage to extend discussions of word order, tenses and verb moods, using terms such as ‘adverbs’, ‘pronouns’, ‘conditional’ and ‘subjunctive’, for example, How do we form the present perfect tense of a reflexive verb? What is meant by the subjunctive and when is it used?

  VCITU090 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCITU127

  Understand and use the features of Italian sound and written systems, including pronunciation, stress and intonation in increasingly complex structures and texts

  Elaborations

  • recognising some common interjections, for example, oh!, e?, cioè, ahimè, ohimè, uffa!
  • recognising the differences in pronunciation of words with similar spelling, for example, sùbito, subito
  • comparing and contrasting the pronunciation of similar-sounding words using text-to-speech software or the audio option of word-processing programs
  • recognising common cognate words in speech, for example, organizzazione, programmare, arrivare
  • identifying and interpreting sounds and textual features and devices such as onomatopoeia, repetition, simile and metaphor, and understanding how they are used to express emotion and convey attitudes
  • analysing personal interactions and audiovisual texts such as films to understand how tone, gesture and body language support meaning
  • recognising the difference between anglicised and Italian pronunciation

  VCITU127 | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCITU108

  Develop awareness of features of the Italian sound system, including pronunciation, syllable stress, rhythm and intonation, and how these are represented in written form

  Elaborations

  • listening to and producing the sounds of Italian, and noticing sound–symbol correspondence, for example, consonant combinations (for example, famiglia, gnocchi, chiesa, barche), vowel combinations (for example, buono, chiave, ciliegia) and double consonants (for example, sono and sonno)
  • using the Italian alphabet, making connections between spoken and written forms, understanding the effect of grave and acute accents (for example, città, perché)
  • recognising differences in tone and rhythm between statements, questions, exclamations, requests and commands, for example, Vai a casa? Vai a casa!
  • noting differences between Italian and English use of capital letters, and using rules of capitalisation when creating own texts, for example, omission of capitals with weekdays, months of the year and nationalities
  • checking pronunciation of words using sound files and text-to-speech software
  • recording individual words to create a talking dictionary

  VCITU108 | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCJAC173

  Consider how their own biography, including family origins, traditions, interests and experiences, impacts on their sense of identity and ways of communicating

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on their own response to learning and participating in cultural behaviours such as bowing and using respectful language, identifying degrees of comfort, discomfort, challenge and enjoyment
  • creating written, spoken or multimodal texts such as identity maps, timelines, digital presentations or family trees with captions to describe significant life influences such as key people, events, educational experiences, community affiliations or travel experiences, for example, そふは　イタリア人です。でも、そぼは　イギリス人です。1950 年(ねん)に　オーストラリアに　きました。
  • reflecting on the experience of learning and using Japanese, and considering whether own previous attitudes or assumptions in relation to Japan or the Japanese language and culture have changed
  • considering their identity as a ‘second language learner’ and whether it involves changes in aspirations, career considerations or social-networking opportunities
  • sharing and comparing cultural and intercultural experiences and language capabilities, and exchanging views on the benefits of speaking more than one language, such as having a larger vocabulary to draw on, additional insights and perspectives, and opportunities for new experiences

  VCJAC173 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCJAC029

  Reflect on own identity, including their identity as a learner and user of Japanese, through connecting observations of experience over time

  Elaborations

  • assembling and presenting an autobiography, including references to key experiences and significant events, interests and family origins, and identifying elements that may need explaining to Japanese speakers, for example, そふは七十六さいです。1951年(ねん)にイタリアからオ－ストラリアへ来ました。
  • identifying significant life events that are marked in Australia or Japan, for example, 七五三(しちごさん)、 birthdays, 18th/21st birthdays and 成人式(せいじんしき) or marriage, and considering how these provide insight into cultural values or traditions
  • considering the relationship between identity and language, with reference to the languages spoken by the students themselves, peers, and family or community members, including their own developing ability to communicate in Japanese
  • examining the impact of cultural stereotypes and expectations in relation to cultural identity and intercultural communication
  • considering whether their sense of identity changes when they use different languages

  VCJAC029 | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCJAU012

  Recognise and use features of the Japanese sound system, including pitch, accent, rhythm and intonation

  Elaborations

  • understanding the system of Japanese sound combinations, that Japanese has five vowels and that a vowel can be attached to all consonants except ‘ん’
  • accurately pronouncing all combinations of hiragana and katakana, including voiced and unvoiced forms and all combined sounds (contractions and blends)
  • understanding that the sounds of hiragana and katakana are identical even though the associated scripts are different
  • recognising that in the copula desu and the verb suffix masu, the ‘u’ is devoiced in normal speech
  • using available combinations of katakana to experiment with the Japanese pronunciation of loan words, for example, レストラン
  • recognising the basic unit of sound in Japanese (‘mora’: モーラ or 拍), for example, こんにちは has five moras
  • becoming familiar with the rhythm of Japanese, recognising the concept of the ‘foot’ (フット) as the minimum unit of rhythm, and that one foot in Japanese consists of two moras, for example, ごちそうさま is pronounced as a three-foot word

  VCJAU012 | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCKOC178

  Create and present imaginative texts including digital and interactive texts to entertain others, involving imagined characters and contexts

  Elaborations

  • creating stories with self as the main character in imaginative settings in the past, future or virtual reality, incorporating communicative styles and social behaviours observed in Korean texts (for example, 저는 화성에서 왔어요 …, 지구에 정들었어요)
  • illustrating imaginative stories in visual forms such as cartoons or captioned photo stories
  • producing performances to present imaginative stories, for example, role-plays, skits, raps, using expressive language for sounds and shapes/movements (똑똑, 첨벙첨벙, 콜콜, …)
  • creating alternative versions of stories such as a Korean tale or film script with a new character and an alternative ending

  VCKOC178 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCKOC011

  Reflect on own identity, including identity as a user and learner of Korean, comparing observations made about experiences over time

  Elaborations

  • communicating / sharing information about own identities in terms of cultural background and personal and social experience, using declarative and descriptive statements, for example, 저는중국계 호주 사람이에요; (저는) 한국어하고 스페인어를 해요; (저는) … 회원이에요
  • preparing information to exchange with Korean-speaking students, such as a class profile showing cultural backgrounds, languages used in the home, interests and values, and using resources such as photos, captions, quotes and symbols
  • sharing ideas about how cultural aspects embedded in or accompanying Korean language use might be perceived differently in different cultures, for example, politeness, terms of address, and gestures such as bowing when greeting older people, using fingers when counting, or pointing with the index finger
  • sharing feelings or ideas on the reciprocal benefits of learning and knowing each other’s language and culture, for example, mutual understanding and friendship between themselves and peers from a Korean background

  VCKOC011 | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCKOC125

  Recognise themselves as members of different groups, including the Korean class, the school, their family and community, and consider their roles within these different groups

  Elaborations

  • naming languages they know and are learning, for example, 한국어
  • making simple statements about themselves, including who they are and their personal preferences, for example, 저는 …이에요/예요, 저는 … 좋아해요/싫어해요
  • noticing their own use of words, expressions or behaviours that make them who they are, such as using words from different languages, ways of celebrating or communicating that may not be familiar to other people

  VCKOC125 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCKOU012

  Recognise features of the Korean sound and writing systems including Hangeul, making connections between spoken and written Korean texts

  Elaborations

  • listening to and reproducing the sounds of Korean, noticing sound-symbol correspondence, for example, in consonants (발 versus 팔, 갈 versus칼), in diphthongs transcribed as combinations of vowel letters (반가워요, 와요, 왜, 의사, 가위) and in tense consonants transcribed by double-consonant letters (살 versus 쌀, 자요 versus 짜요, 고리 versus 꼬리, 방 versus빵)
  • recognising the differences in intonation between statements, questions, requests and commands, for example, 가요; 가요?; 가요; 가요!
  • constructing syllable blocks in different shapes, where a consonant and a vertical vowel are positioned side by side (for example, 가), a horizontalvowel is positioned underneath a consonant (for example, 누), or a consonant or a consonant cluster is added as asyllable-final consonant (받침) under the first two types of syllable blocks, for example, 각, 눈, 닭
  • combining syllable blocks to write a word and applying spacing rules (띄어쓰기) and basic phonological rules (for example, 친구가 교실에서 책을 읽어요) when reading and writing

  VCKOU012 | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCKOU148

  Recognise differences in language features and text structures in different types of texts, including those in digital form, used in familiar contexts

  Elaborations

  • identifying familiar text types in different modes and using them in activities such as converting dialogues to chants
  • recognising language features typically associated with particular texts, for example, the use of imperatives in games
  • noticing differences between written and spoken texts (for example, comparing a written story with a spoken version), or comparing how texts within the same mode can differ, for example, a birthday card and an email message

  VCKOU148 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCKOU032

  Extend grammatical knowledge of Korean language, including the range of forms and functions of particles, suffixes, verb endings and irregular verb forms

  Elaborations

  • modifying nouns using an adjectival form of a descriptive verb suffixed by –(으)ㄴ, for example, 예쁜 꽃, 맑은 물
  • using particles such as –한테/에게, –한테서/에게서, –(으)로 (instrumental and directional), –보다, –와/과, –만, –도,–부터 and –까지, including honorific case markers –께, –께서, –께서는
  • recognising the meaningful parts of a verb, for example, 먹+어요
  • expressing ideas or events relating to the future, suggestions, plans and hopes using forms such as –(으)ㄹ 거예요 and –(으)ㄹ까요?
  • learning how to ask and answer negative questions, for example, 숙제를 안 했어요? 아니요, 했어요 / 네, 안 했어요)
  • connecting clauses using basic conjunctive suffixes (clausal connectives) –어/아서, –고, –(으)면, –지만
  • using basic complex-verb structures such as –어/아 주다, –어/아 보다, –지 말다with an –어/아요ending to express provision, trial and prohibition (읽어 주세요, 입어 보세요, 쓰지 마세요)
  • expressing time using structures such as: a noun + 때/동안; a noun +전/후에, for example, 방학 때; 일 년 동안; 한 달 전/후에
  • using some basic irregular verbs, such as 들어요 (듣다), 불러요 (부르다), 더워요 (덥다), 추워요 (춥다), 아름다워요 (아름답다)
  • expressing relative location using a structure: a noun + a location word + 에, for example, 식탁 위에 상자가 있어요
  • expanding metalinguistic knowledge by receptive use of:
    • intimate copula verb ending (a noun + (이)야)
    • expressions of intentions and likelihood: –겠어요, –(으)ㄹ 것 같아요
    • conjunctors connecting clauses (–(으)니까, –(으)러)
    • complex structures such as –어/아야 하다, –어/아도 되다, with the informal polite ending –아/어요 (가야 해요, 먹어도 돼요), recognising that they are in the same structure as –어/아 주다, –어/아 보다 and –지 말다 (verb stem + suffix + auxiliary verb) and that the auxiliary verbs add meanings such as obligation, permission and attempt
    • complex structures connecting verbs with various functions (to be introduced as a set phrase, for example, –기 때문에, –기 위해(서)
    • levels of politeness in speech, for example, formal polite, informal polite, intimate, for example, 해, 해요, 합니다
    • honorific suffix –시–, for example, 하십니다,가르치십니다

  VCKOU032 | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCKOU183

  Use appropriate pronunciation rules and writing conventions to produce and read short texts in Korean that include some less familiar language

  Elaborations

  • applying pronunciation rules and writing conventions to reading and writing, inferring meanings of less familiar texts provided in Korean, such as 먹고, 어떻게 and 축하합니다 pronounced as 먹꼬, 어떠케 and 추카함니다
  • experimenting with pronunciation of less familiar texts
  • comparing how loan words from English are written in Hangeul and pronounced in Korean with how their original counterparts in English are written and pronounced, for example, 테니스versus ‘tennis’, 포크 versus ‘fork’, 인터넷 versus ‘internet’
  • composing texts, applying spacing rules in Korean

  VCKOU183 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VC2M9A02

  simplify algebraic expressions, apply the distributive law to expand algebraic expressions including binomial products, and factorise monic quadratic expressions

  Elaborations

  • expanding combinations of binomials such as x+7x+8, x+7x-8,  x-7x+8,  (x-7)(x-8) to identify expansion and factorisation patterns related to x+ax+b=x2+a+bx+ab, where a and b are integers
  • using manipulatives such as algebra tiles or area models to expand or factorise algebraic expressions with readily identifiable binomial factors; for example, x+1x+3=x2+4x+3, (x-5)2=x2-10x+25 or (x-3)2+4=x2-6x+9+4=x2-6x+13
  • recognising the relationship between expansion and factorisation, and using digital tools to systematically explore the factorisation of x2+mx+n where m and n are integers

  VC2M9A02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 9 | Algebra