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• VCELY308

  Plan, rehearse and deliver presentations incorporating learned content and taking into account the particular audiences and purposes such as informative, persuasive and imaginative, including multimodal elements

  Elaborations

  • reporting on a topic in an organised manner, providing relevant facts and descriptive detail to enhance audience understanding, and beginning to refer to reliable sources to support claims

  VCELY308 | Curriculum content | English | Level 4 | Speaking and Listening | Literacy

• VCELY317

  Show how ideas and points of view in texts are conveyed through the use of vocabulary, including idiomatic expressions, objective and subjective language, and that these can change according to context

  Elaborations

  • identifying the narrative voice (the person or entity through whom the audience experiences the story) in a literary work, discussing the impact of first person narration on empathy and engagement

  VCELY317 | Curriculum content | English | Level 5 | Reading and Viewing | Literacy

• VCELY332

  Use a range of software including word processing programs to construct, edit and publish written text, and select, edit and place visual, print and audio elements

  Elaborations

  • writing letters in print and by email, composing with increasing fluency, accuracy and legibility and demonstrating understanding of what the audience may want to hear

  VCELY332 | Curriculum content | English | Level 5 | Writing | Literacy

• VCELY347

  Use comprehension strategies to interpret and analyse information and ideas, comparing content from a variety of textual sources including media and digital texts

  Elaborations

  • making connections between the text and own experience or other texts
  • making connections between information in print and images
  • finding specific literal information
  • using prior knowledge and textual information to make inferences and predictions
  • asking and answering questions
  • finding the main idea of a text
  • summarising a text or part of a text

  VCELY347 | Curriculum content | English | Level 6 | Reading and Viewing | Literacy

• VCELY412

  Use comprehension strategies to interpret and evaluate texts by reflecting on the validity of content and the credibility of sources, including finding evidence in the text for the author’s point of view

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on content by connecting and comparing information found in a text to knowledge sourced elsewhere
  • determining and applying criteria for evaluating the credibility of a website
  • explaining whether the author conveys meaning adequately, particularly in distinguishing fact from opinion

  VCELY412 | Curriculum content | English | Level 8 | Reading and Viewing | Literacy

• VCELY420

  Create imaginative, informative and persuasive texts that raise issues, report events and advance opinions, using deliberate language and textual choices, and including digital elements as appropriate

  Elaborations

  • integrating multimodal approaches within a spoken presentation to purposefully develop meaning for a given audience
  • selecting vocabulary to influence meaning and to position and persuade the audience, for example adjusting language to show or acknowledge power

  VCELY420 | Curriculum content | English | Level 8 | Writing | Literacy

• VCELY449

  Create imaginative, informative and persuasive texts that present a point of view and advance or illustrate arguments, including texts that integrate visual, print and/or audio features

  Elaborations

  • presenting arguments that advance opinions, justify positions, and make judgments in order to persuade others about issues such the importance of maintaining balance in the biosphere
  • creating imaginative texts with main ideas developed through the interconnections of plot, settings, characters, the changing of chronological order, foreshadowing in written, spoken and digital texts
  • creating informative and argumentative texts with explanations, details and evidence
  • following the structure of an argument which has a series of sequenced and linked paragraphs, beginning with an outline of the stance to be taken, a series of supported points that develop a line of argument, and a conclusion which summarises the main line of argument

  VCELY449 | Curriculum content | English | Level 9 | Writing | Literacy

• VCELY426

  Interpret the stated and implied meanings in spoken texts, and use interaction skills including voice and language conventions to discuss evidence that supports or challenges different perspectives

  Elaborations

  • listen to a conversation or speech and identify the point being made and explain the tone and manner of presentation. Change the focus of the conversation or speech and identify how meaning has changed
  • change the tone in which the speech or conversation is presented and discuss how interpretations can also change.

  VCELY426 | Curriculum content | English | Level 8 | Speaking and Listening | Literacy

• VCELY479

  Create sustained texts, including texts that combine specific digital or media content, for imaginative, informative, or persuasive purposes that reflect upon challenging and complex issues

  Elaborations

  • presenting a structured argument by providing a statement of the major perspectives or concerns relating to an issue, previewing the structure of arguments, structuring the text to provide a major point for each paragraph with succinct elaboration, and concluding with a summary of the main issues or recommendations in an argument
  • creating spoken, written and multimodal texts that compel readers to empathise with the ideas and emotions expressed or implied
  • exploring models of sustained texts created for persuasive purposes about a challenging or complex issue from other cultures, including Asia

  VCELY479 | Curriculum content | English | Level 10 | Writing | Literacy

• VCELY481

  Use a range of software, including word processing programs, confidently, flexibly and imaginatively to create, edit and publish texts, considering the identified purpose and the characteristics of the user

  Elaborations

  • designing a webpage that combines navigation, text, sound and moving and still images for a specific audience

  VCELY481 | Curriculum content | English | Level 10 | Writing | Literacy

• VCELY275

  Listen to and contribute to conversations and discussions to share information and ideas and negotiate in collaborative situations and use interaction skills, including active listening and clear, coherent communications

  Elaborations

  • participating in collaborative discussions, building on and connecting ideas and opinions expressed by others, and checking own understanding against group views

  VCELY275 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Speaking and Listening | Literacy

• VCESU177

  Examine how elements of communication, including gestures, facial expressions and use of silence, vary according to context, situation and relationships across languages and cultures

  Elaborations

  • identifying variations in linguistic and cultural requirements of specific situations across different contexts, for example, situations such as shopping or travelling in various Spanish-speaking countries
  • identifying and comparing features of spoken and written language (such as gestures, greetings and facial expressions; or headings, text structure and grammatical choices) that reflect the purpose for which they are used, and discussing how silence can be used effectively as an element of communication
  • identifying and comparing how emotions or attitudes such as embarrassment or respect are shown across different languages and cultures
  • comparing elements of communication such as body language and use of personal space and silence in different cultural contexts and exchanges
  • identifying levels of formality in spoken and written texts, and considering what these reveal about social relationships and processes, for example, reflections of status, authority, respect or intimacy (Disculpe, ¿podría decirme ..., Perdone que le interrumpa, ... Me gustaría invitarte a mi boda, eres el amor de mi vida,...)

  VCESU177 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCGRCU023

  Understand concepts of accidence and syntax used in complex sentences in Classical Greek, including subordinate clauses, pronoun forms, mood, voice, and conventions of complex sentence structure

  Elaborations

  • using the indefinite adjective τις with nouns to supply the meaning of the indefinite article in English, for example, κακόν τι πάσχει, νῆσόν τινα
  • conjugating -ω verbs in perfect and pluperfect tenses, active and middle, indicative, imperative and infinitive forms, for example, εἴρηκα/εἴρημαι, ἑόρακα/ἑώραμαι
  • conjugating -ω verbs in the passive voice in all applicable tenses including first and second aorist and future, for example, ἐλύθην/λυθήσομαι, ἐφάνην/φανήσομαι
  • conjugating contract verbs in all tenses and voices, including verbs in –οω, for example, δηλῶ, ἐλευθερῶ
  • conjugating -μι verbs, including δίδωμι, τίθημι, ἵστημι, ἵημι, δείκνυμι, φημί
  • conjugating common irregular verbs, for example, oἶδα, ἒοικα
  • forming the comparative and superlative degrees of common irregular adjectives, for example:
    • ἀγαθός/ἀμείνων/ἄριστος, ἀγαθός/βελτίων/βέλτιστος, ἀγαθός/κρείττων/κράτιστος
    • κακός/κακίων/κάκιστος, κακός/χείρων/χείριστος
    • καλός/καλλίων/κάλλιστος
    • μέγας/μείζων/μέγιστος
    • πολύς/πλείων/πλεῖστος
  • identifying the use of participles with the genitive absolute and the accusative absolute, for example, ἡμέρας γενομένης, ἔδοξεν ταῖς κόραις πρὸς τὸν κρήνην βαίνειν and δέον τὴν πόλιν ἀμύνεσθαι, οἱ ἄνδρες τὰ ὅπλα ἔφερον
  • recognising the forms and uses of the subjunctive mood, for example, ταχέως ἵωμεν (exhortation), τί ποιῶμεν; (deliberation), μὴ δέξησθε τὰ δῶρα (prohibition), οἱ στρατιῶται φεύγουσιν ἵνα μὴ ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίων ληφθῶσιν (purpose clause), φοβοῦμαι μὴ ὁ δεσπότης οὐκ ἐθέλῃ παῦσαι τὸν πόνον (clause of fearing)
  • recognising the forms and uses of the optative mood, for example, εἴθε τὴν πατρίδα σῴζοιμεν (wish), βουλοίμεθα ἄν τοῦ ἀοιδοῦ ἀκούειν (potential optative)
  • understanding the structure and use of indirect statements with ὅτι, the infinitive or the participle, for example, ὁ ἄγγελος εἶπεν ὅτι οἱ πολέμιοι ἤδη προσχωροῦσιν/ὁ πάτηρ ἔφη ἀνάγκην εἶναι οἴκαδε ἐπανιέναι/οἱ παῖδες εἶδον λύκον μέγαν πρὸς τὴν οἰκίαν προσιόντα
  • understanding the structure and use of conditional clauses, for example, ἐὰν τῷ δημαγωγῷ πιστεύῃς, μῶρος εἶ/ἐὰν τὸν δοῦλον καλέσῃς, βραδέως ἀφίξεται/εἰ ὁ παῖς τοῦτο ἐποίησεν, ἐδέξατο ἄν τον ἔπαινον
  • understanding the structure and use of indefinite clauses, for example, ὅστις ἄν ἔξω τῶν τῆς πόλεως ὁρῶν εὑρεθῇ, ἐν κινδύνῳ μεγάλῳ ἔσται/ἐπειδὰν γένηται ἡ πανήγυρις, πάντες οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν σπεύδουσιν
  • identifying the articular infinitive, for example, ἀγαθὸς εἰς τὸ λέγειν τε καὶ πράττειν
  • identifying the verbal adjective in –τέος, for example, οὐ λεκτέοι εἰσὶν οἱ λόγοι
  • identifying verbs that take supplementary participles, for example, ἔτυχον παροῦσαι αἱ γυναῖκες/οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐφαίνοντο οὐ βουλόμενοι ἀγορεύειν
  • understanding the sequence of tenses and moods in complex sentences (primary and secondary sequences), for example, λέγει ὅτι εἰ ὁ ἀνὴρ τοῦτο εἶπεν, ἐψεύδετο/εἶπεν ὅτι εἰ ὁ ἀνὴρ τοῦτο εἴποι, ψεύδοιτο ἄν
  • recognising creative variations in Classical Greek word order to focus on action, or to create suspense by delaying a key word, phrase or clause
  • elaborating strategies for building on prior knowledge and learning new grammar, for example, mnemonic devices, paradigms, drill exercises, online learning tools

  VCGRCU023 | Languages | Classical Greek | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCGRCU024

  Expand vocabulary by using a range of strategies, including knowledge of roots, cognates and derivatives, and use dictionaries to determine the meaning of unfamiliar vocabulary in specific contexts

  Elaborations

  • developing vocabulary lists pertinent to particular reading, for example, philosophical words, poetic words and military words, such as στρατός, στρατηγός, στρατιώτης, στρατόπεδον
  • using a dictionary to investigate how vocabulary choices in Classical Greek and English can express shades of meaning, ὑπεροράω (‘look down on’, ‘overlook’, ‘despise’)
  • extrapolating knowledge of word origins, roots and cognates to interpret unfamiliar vocabulary, for example, δίκη/δίκαιος, λάμπω/λαμπρός, φοβοῦμαι/φοβερός
  • extending vocabulary through word-building from Classical Greek roots, for example, τιμῶ/τιμή, ἔργον/ἐργάζομαι, πόλις/πολίτης/πολιτικός/πολιτεία
  • identifying and interpreting compound words, for example, προσβάλλω/καταβάλλω/ἐκβάλλω
  • recognising common patterns of vowel change to identify words from the same root, for example, γίγνομαι/γένεσις, λέγω/λόγος
  • expanding vocabulary by using connections between conceptually related words, for example, chronology, chronic, anachronism

  VCGRCU024 | Languages | Classical Greek | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCHHK132

  Significant effects of the Industrial Revolution, including global changes in landscapes, movements of people, development and influence of ideas, political and social reforms, and transport and communication

  Elaborations

  • describing the effects of factories, mines and cities on the environment, and on population growth and distribution
  • outlining the growth of trade unions as a response to the effects of the Industrial Revolution
  • investigating and explaining the emergence and the influence of individuals and/or groups on key ideas in the period, with a particular focus on one of the following: capitalism, socialism, egalitarianism, nationalism, imperialism, Darwinism or Chartism

  VCHHK132 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The making of the modern world | Industrial Revolution (1750 – 1914)

• VCHHK106

  The significant beliefs, values and practices of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and cultures including trade with other communities, causes and effects of warfare, and death and funerary customs

  Elaborations

  • inviting a local elder to conduct a smoking ceremony and Welcome to Country
  • explaining why different language and tribal groups have different beliefs. Compare and contrast their understandings of creation beings, ancestral beings, and totemic beings
  • explaining the purpose of ceremonies of initiation of boys and girls and funeral ceremonies
  • identifying reasons for trade between tribes and explain that trading via overland pathways and songlines was a method of sharing resources and a form of social control and law, respect for others boundaries, marriage arrangements, sharing the Dreaming, songs, rituals and settling disputes

  VCHHK106 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Knowledge | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and cultures

• VCHHK093

  The significance of key figures and events that led to Australia’s Federation, including British and American influences on Australia’s system of law and government

  Elaborations

  • studying Australia’s path to Federation through an examination of key people, for example, Henry Parkes, Edmund Barton, George Reid, John Quick, and events such as the Tenterfield Oration, the Corowa Conference, the referendums held in the colonies from 1898 to 1900
  • comparing the model of Australian federalism with the original model of the United States of America to identify the US influence on Australia’s system of government
  • identifying key elements of Australia’s system of law and government and their origins, for example, the Magna Carta; federalism, constitutional monarchy, the Westminster system and the separation of powers, legislature, executive, judiciary, the houses of parliament, how laws are made

  VCHHK093 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Knowledge | Australia as a nation

• VCHIC080

  Compare translations and interpretations of literary, community and social media texts, including those that mix Hindi and English words, expressions and sentence structures

  Elaborations

  • identifying and translating texts produced within the media and entertainment industry that use ‘Hinglish’ for different purposes, for example, Life ho to aisi!, Youngistaan ka wow!
  • exploring the language of Bollywood by translating short excerpts that include code-mixing and code-switching between languages and dialects
  • critically evaluating the accuracy and effectiveness of subtitles used in movies, video clips and documentaries, identifying examples of ‘meaning lost in translation’
  • translating parts of conversations recorded between family and friends that involve the mixing of Hindi and English, discussing the relationship between code switching and domains of use
  • considering challenges involved in translating texts by contemporary poets and songwriters who incorporate English words or stylistic features into their texts
  • identifying how translation sometimes involves literal exchange of word-for-word meaning, sometimes involves interpreting and expressing meaning in appropriate forms, and sometimes involves cultural meaning that cannot be translated

  VCHIC080 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCHPEP144

  Plan, rehearse and evaluate options (including CPR and first aid) for managing situations where their own or others’ health, safety and wellbeing may be at risk

  Elaborations

  • proposing and practising a range of realistic responses to scenarios where peers are encouraging them to take unnecessary risks
  • planning and practising responses to emergencies where they may be required to administer first aid to a friend, including CPR
  • critiquing the appropriateness and effectiveness of help and support services available for young people in the local community
  • examining policies and processes for ensuring safe blood practices when participating in physical activities
  • identify a plan and evaluate options to deal with a difficult situation in the home where a family member may be at risk of physical or emotional harm

  VCHPEP144 | Health and Physical Education | Levels 9 and 10 | Personal, Social and Community Health | Being healthy, safe and active

• VCITU033

  Use key grammatical structures to form simple sentences, including the use of possessive pronouns, prepositions, definite and indefinite articles, and gender and singular/plural forms

  Elaborations

  • identifying gender, singular and plural in the regular form
  • observing gender in patterns of naming, for example, Paolo/Paola and Alessandro/Alessandra, but that Luca, Andrea and Simone are all male names in Italian
  • using singular and plural, recognising that some singular nouns do not follow the regular masculine/feminine pattern, for example, la mano, il papà
  • using the definite and indefinite articles and understanding how to specify a particular person or object, for example, la mamma, una mamma; il quaderno, un quaderno; l’arancia, un’ arancia
  • using personal pronouns in context, for example, Chi ha finito? Io!
  • learning to conjugate common regular verbs in the present tense, for example, gioco-gioca, mangio-mangiamo
  • expressing negation, for example, voglio/non voglio
  • expressing preferences and reasons for preferences, for example, mi piace ... perché
  • using cardinal numbers to tell the time and for dates and ages; using ordinal numbers such as primo, secondo, etc.
  • using adjectives to describe characteristics or qualities of a person or object, such as nationality, shape and colour (for example, Chiara è italiana), and noticing that they change with gender, for example, la macchina rossa, il libro rosso,
  • using prepositions to indicate location or direction, for example, a casa, a Roma, in città, a sinistra, sopra il tavolo, sotto il banco
  • using possessive adjectives to express ownership, for example, la mia casa, la tua famiglia, il tuo cappello, mia nonna
  • using suffixes to add nuance, for example, -ino (fratellino, piccolino) or -etto (poveretto, casetta)
  • creating simple sentences in the subject–verb–object pattern, and linking ideas using conjunctions such as e and ma

  VCITU033 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language