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• VCHIC116

  Translate and interpret familiar social and community texts such as emails/text messages, informal conversations with friends, proverbs or quotations, considering the nature of translation and the role of culture when transferring meaning from one language to another

  Elaborations

  • translating and glossing words, symbols or expressions commonly used in emails and sms messages, for example, हे हे – LOL
  • recording, transcribing and translating short conversations between family members or friends from English into Hindi or vice versa, recording words or phrases that either do not translate or require no translation
  • translating proverbs such as दूर के ढोल सुहावने, examining literal translations for cultural information and identifying English-language proverbs that approximate the ideas behind the words (The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence)
  • identifying the need to sometimes recast language, considering why one language may use more words than another to communicate a particular meaning
  • discussing how translation sometimes involves literal decoding of word-for-word meaning, sometimes involves interpreting meaning and finding equivalent forms in the other language, and sometimes involves cultural meaning that cannot be translated
  • interpreting the significance of terms or phrases that carry specific cultural connotations which might be unfamiliar when translated into English, for example, साला, बहु, दलाल

  VCHIC116 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCARC128

  Produce bilingual texts and resources, including digital and online resources such as digital picture dictionaries, posters and signs, for their class and school community

  Elaborations

  • producing a parallel bilingual word list or digital picture dictionary by identifying known Arabic words or expressions and relating them to English equivalents, and vice versa, recognising that direct translation is not always possible
  • composing captions for images in Arabic and English to create simple bilingual storybooks in print or digital formats
  • creating texts in print, digital or online formats, such as descriptions in both Arabic and English on familiar topics, selecting from word lists vocabulary that best conveys the intended meaning in both languages
  • creating simple action songs and raps which include alternative repetitive phrases in Arabic and English, to perform for the school community

  VCARC128 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCDEU152

  Understand why language is important and recognise that languages and cultures change over time and influence one another

  Elaborations

  • exploring the function of language in social and educational life, for example, listing and discussing how, where and why they use language in the course of a day
  • discovering some of the English words used by German speakers (das Internet, die App, Stopp!, Sorry!) and considering if they are the same kinds of words as those borrowed from German by English
  • understanding that German, like all languages, is constantly expanding to include new words and expressions in response to changing intercultural experiences, for example, Fast Food, Fairness

  VCDEU152 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCKOC142

  Create simple bilingual resources for their learning and for the school community

  Elaborations

  • producing a parallel bilingual word list by identifying known Korean words or expressions and relating them to English equivalents, and vice versa, noticing that direct translation sometimes does not work
  • preparing descriptions in both Korean and English about familiar topics, using modelled language and choosing vocabulary from word lists, discussing differences in expression between the two languages with the teacher
  • creating bilingual texts for the classroom and the school community using digital technologies (for example, posters, songs and online newsletter items), sharing ideas about how to represent meaning in different languages for different audiences

  VCKOC142 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCRAC093

  Translate and interpret texts such as descriptions, emails, signs and notices, using contextual cues and textual features, and noticing non-equivalence of meaning

  Elaborations

  • collaborating with peers and teacher to translate and interpret personal texts, such as correspondence and conversations, noticing similarities and differences in language use and considering why these might exist
  • translating public signs or notices from the language to English and vice versa, comparing meanings and considering how effective the translations are and why
  • experimenting with translating, both literally and for meaning, by using strategies such as explaining rather than word-for-word translation, for example, describing a cricket match
  • learning to use bilingual dictionaries and electronic translation tools, identifying issues such as multiple meanings of words and the need to consider context and understand that meaning goes beyond the literal

  VCRAC093 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCCCTR057

  Exposed to the application of reasoning and conclusions

  Elaborations

  • sharing words that show a conclusion has been reached
  • exposed to the reasoning by adults as they make choices between two options
  • adults explain everyday events and occurrences to show reasoning

  VCCCTR057 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Level A | Reasoning

• VCEALA433

  Identify unfamiliar cultural references

  Elaborations

  • comparing to previous experience or learning, for example ‘It’s different to my culture’ or ‘This is only in Australia’
  • asking questions about unfamiliar word and ideas, for example ‘What’s a bunyip?

  VCEALA433 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Reading and Viewing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA596

  Draw on experience of language patterns in controlled writing activities to express ideas

  Elaborations

  • acquiring new vocabulary and expressions from classroom activities and texts, rather than relying on a dictionary to translate from home language
  • keeping a personal word list that includes English and home language

  VCEALA596 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA685

  Talk about cultural differences related to communication

  Elaborations

  • identifying and talking about differences between home language and English at text, sentence and word levels
  • noticing and discussing differences in non-verbal aspects of communication, such as stance, proximity, gestures, eye contact

  VCEALA685 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA660

  Attempt to communicate more complex ideas by drawing on a bilingual dictionary or other home language resources

  Elaborations

  • consulting a bilingual dictionary or home language peers to search for words that communicate nuanced meaning
  • using online translation tools to generate approximate translations, and then improving these based on learnt grammatical patterns

  VCEALA660 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA722

  Demonstrate the development of metalanguage appropriate to the content and task

  Elaborations

  • using metalanguage related to text and language, for example ‘topic sentence’, ‘verb’, ‘pronoun’
  • recording terminology in personal notes or word lists, with translations in home language or examples from texts

  VCEALA722 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA248

  Speak or listen appropriately during class interactions

  Elaborations

  • displaying appropriate listening behaviours, such as attentive posture, appropriate facial expressions and gestures
  • attending to the expressions of other speakers and incorporating cues such as questions or key words in own responses

  VCEALA248 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA721

  Use home language resources such as bilingual dictionaries to improve range and clarity of expression

  Elaborations

  • consulting print resources, such as bilingual dictionaries, charts, word lists, to develop vocabulary by looking up synonyms and antonyms
  • recording a vocabulary list that includes English, home language and details such as meaning, usage, related terms

  VCEALA721 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA095

  Use sentence patterns from home language to communicate ideas

  Elaborations

  • using home language sentence patterns or word order, for example ‘the house white’, ‘I very like swimming’
  • formulating original utterances to communicate ideas and combining English vocabulary with home language sentence patterns

  VCEALA095 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALC483

  Comprehend some familiar questions with support from the speaker

  Elaborations

  • comprehending questions on familiar topics, such as self and family
  • understanding common question words, such as ‘who’, ‘what’, ‘when’
  • relying on some accommodations, such as slow and deliberate speech, simple phrasing, repetition and paraphrasing

  VCEALC483 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level CL | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC544

  Respond appropriately to a range of commonly encountered questions using short, familiar formulas or expressions

  Elaborations

  • using familiar or formulaic phrases and sentences to respond, such as ‘My name is …’ or ‘Nice to meet you’
  • borrowing words or phrases from the question to respond, for example ‘What is your favourite sport?’ ‘My favourite sport is …’

  VCEALC544 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC546

  Communicate needs in common social and school routines

  Elaborations

  • asking questions and following instructions to meet personal needs, such as where to find resources or what colour pen to use
  • understanding common words for social and school purposes, such as ‘I would like …’, ‘I need some help’

  VCEALC546 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC163

  Respond appropriately verbally or non-verbally when spoken to

  Elaborations

  • indicating agreement or non-agreement through body language or simple utterances such as ‘yes’ or ‘no’
  • answering familiar personal questions using single-word responses, such as name, age, likes or dislikes

  VCEALC163 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level BL | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC164

  Ask for repetition or ask questions to check meaning or elicit help

  Elaborations

  • using simple formulaic expressions to make requests or ask questions, for example ‘Please say again’, ‘What is that?’
  • listening to and using speaker’s key words when asking for clarification, for example ‘What means “sibling”?

  VCEALC164 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level BL | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC242

  Ask for repetition or clarification to confirm understanding or elicit help

  Elaborations

  • composing simple requests to ask for clarification, for example ‘Please repeat’, ‘What means …?’
  • referring to the speaker’s key words when asking for clarification, for example Teacher: ‘Get your stationery’ Student: ‘What is stationery?’

  VCEALC242 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Speaking and Listening | Communication